Boron Compounds with Antibiofilm and Synergistic Effects on Escherichia coli Infection

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 271 - 278, 30.12.2023

Özgür Çelebi Sümeyye Başer Çiğdem Eda Balkan Bozlak Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi Aydin Mahmoudnezhad Demet Çelebi

Abstract

Aim: Escherichia coli, a bacterium that forms a biofilm, is mainly responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, peritonitis, meningitis, and septicemia. Different antibiotics (Aminoglycoside, Fluoroquinolones, etc.) treatments are routinely used to overcome E.coli infections. The presence of biofilm increases E.coli resistance against antibiotics. The study aims to evaluate the boron component’s effect on the biofilm formation of E.coli in vitro via a liver (HepG-2) infection model.
Material and Method: The antibacterial activity of boron compounds on Escherichia coli was evaluated with Minimum inhibitory concentration. Antibacterial activity with the combination of boron compounds was assessed by fractional inhibitor concentration. The non-cytotoxic dose of boron compounds was determined in the infection model created with Escherichia coli in the cell line. Then, the effect on cell viability and pathological examinations were examined histopathologically.
Results: Synergistic effects (≤0.5) were watched at 32 μg/mL Etidote + 32 μg/mL Sodium perborate metahydrate, at Etidote 32 μg/mL + 32 μg/mL Zinc borate, and at Zinc borate 32 μg/mL + 32 μg/mL Sodium perborate metahydrate. It was determined that 128 μg/ml Etidote + 512 μg/ml Sodium perborate metahydrate, Etidote 512 μg/mL + Zinc borate 1024 μg/mL, and Zinc borate 512 μg/mL + Sodium perborate metahydrate 128 μg/mL had antibiofilm activity. In the cell line, it was determined that although Zinc borate + Etidote reduced the infection, it did not completely reduce it in its combination. Histopathological analyses also paralleled these results.
Conclusion: Boron components can be used against biofilmformed E.coli.

Keywords

biofilm, boron compounds, Escherichia coli, HepG-2; minimum inhibitory concentration; fractional inhibitory concentration

References

• 1. Lovayová V, Čurová K, Hrabovský V, Nagyová M, Siegfried L, Toporová A. et. al. Antibiotic resistance in the invasive bacteria Escherichia coli. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022;30:75-80.
• 2. Chibeu A, Lingohr EJ, Masson L, Manges A, Harel J, Ackermann HW. et al. Bacteriophages with the ability to degrade uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms. Viruses 2012;4:471-87.
• 3. Sturbelle RT, Avila LF, Roos TB, Borchardt JL, de Cássia, DS, da Conceição R. et al. The role of quorum sensing in Escherichia coli (ETEC) virulence factors. Vet Microbiol 2015;18: 245-52.
• 4. Ito A, Taniuchi A, May T, Kawata K, Okabe S. Increased antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in mature biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009;75:4093-100.
• 5. Mittal S, Sharma M, Chaudhary U. Biofilm and multidrug resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Pathog Glob Health 2015;109:26-9.
• 6. Canturk Z, Tunali Y, Korkmaz S, Gulbaş Z. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of boron compounds on leukemia cell line. Cytotechnology 2016;68(1):87-93.
• 7. Watson A, Sutherland VL, Cunny H, Miller Pinsler L, Furr J, Hebert C. Postnatal Effects of Gestational and Lactational Gavage Exposure to Boric Acid in the Developing Sprague Dawley Rat. Toxicol Sci 2020;176(1):65-73.
• 8. Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID, Zarkada IM, Falagas ME. Boric acid for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: The clinical evidence. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011;20:1245-55.
• 9. Borrelly J, Blech MF, Grosdidier G, Martin Thomas C, Hartemann P. Contribution of a 3% solution of boric acid in the treatment of deep wounds with loss of substance. Ann Chir Plast Esthet 1991;36:65-9.
• 10. Nzietchueng RM, Dousset B, Franck P, Benderdour M, Nabet P, Hess K. Mechanisms implicated in the effects of boron on wound healing. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2002;16:239-44.
• 11. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 2001;25:402-8.
• 12. Celebi D, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Baser S, Genc S, Yilmaz A, Yeni Y. et al. Effects of boric acid and potassium metaborate on cytokine levels and redox stress parameters in a wound model infected with methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Med Rep 2022;26,294.
• 13. Ni N, Li M, Wang J, Wang B. Inhibitors and antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing. Med Res Rev 2009;29:65-124.
• 14. Sayin Z, Ucan US, Sakmanoglu A. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of boron on different bacteria. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016;173:241-6.
• 15. Nisha S, Shivamallu AB, Gujjari SK, Shashikumar P, Ali NM, Kulkarni M. Efficacy of preprocedural boric acid mouthrinse in reducing viable bacteria in dental aerosols produced during ultrasonic scaling. Contemp Clin Dent 2021;12:282-8.
• 16. Çelebi Ö, Çelebi D, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Başer S, Güler MC, Yıldırım S. The Antibacterial Effect of Boron Compounds and Evaluation of the Effects on Biofilm Formation in the Infection Model of Klebsiella pneumoniae on the HepG2 Cell Line. Journal of Contemporary Medicine 2023;13(1):1-7.
• 17. Villamizar Delgado S, Porras Osorio LM, Piñeros O, Ellena J, Balcazar N, Varela Miranda RE. et al. Biguanide-transition metals complexes as potential drug for hyperglycemia treatment. RSC advances 2020;10(38):22856-63.
• 18. Rastegar M, Marjani HA, Yazdani Y, Shahbazi M, Golalipour M, Farazmandfar T. Investigating Effect of Rapamycin and Metformin on Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2018;8(1):63-8.
• 19. Nzietchueng RM, Dousset B, Franck P, Benderdour M, Nabet P, Hess K. Mechanisms implicated in the effects of boron on wound healing. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2002;16(4):239-44.
• 20. Baker SJ, Zhang YK, Akama T, Lau A, Zhou H, Vincent Hernandez V. et al. Discovery of a new boron-containing antifungal agent, 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1- benzoxaborole (AN2690), for the potential treatment of onychomycosis. J Med Chem 2006;49:4447-50.
• 21. Akama T, Baker SJ, Zhang YK, Hernandez V, Zhou H, Sanders V. et al. Discovery and structure-activity study of a novel benzoxaborole anti-inflammatory agent (AN2728) for the potential topical treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009;19:2129-32.
• 22. Fouillen A, Grenier D, Barbeau J, Baron C, Moffatt P, Nanci A. Selective bacterial degradation of the extracellular matrix attaching the gingiva to the tooth. Eur J Oral Sci 2019;127(4):313-22.
• 23. Debicka P, Lipski M, Buckowska-Ralinska J. Trusewicz M. Biofilm formation on root canal- review Ann Acad Med Stetin 2008; 54:152-56.
• 24. Zhang K, Li X, Yu C, Wang Y. Promising Therapeutic Strategies Against Microbial Biofilm Challenges. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020;10:359
• 25. Noguchi N, Noiri Y, Narimatsu M, Ebisu S. Identification and localization of extraradicular biofilm-forming bacteria associated with refractory endodontic pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005;71:8738-43.
• 26. Shakouie S, Salem Milani A, Eskandarnejad M, Rahimi S, Froughreyhani M, Galedar S. et al. Antimicrobial activity of tetraacetylethylenediamine-sodium perborate versus sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016;10(1):43-7.
• 27. Simbula G, Dettori C, Camboni T, Cotti E. Comparison of tetraacetylethylendiamine + sodium perborate and sodiumhypochlorite cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblasts. J Endod 2010; 36(9):1516-20.