Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

THE WOMAN WHO PUNISHES OTHER WOMEN: MAGDALENA DE SAN JERÓNIMO

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 82, 391 - 403, 27.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1472987

Abstract

As the view of poverty and sexuality began to change from the beginning of the sixteenth century, both poverty and sexuality were seen as problems that needed to be controlled, supervised, and solved. Towards the end of the sixteenth century, a similar situation arose in Spain, where social, financial, religious, political, and economic problems caused problems for those in power and the number of controls and restrictions on prostitutes in the country increased. While previously tolerated, a group of individuals allowed to carry out their profession, prostitutes were accused of morally and hygienically polluting society. This group, which was to be controlled by the church and the government, included not only prostitutes, but also other women such as vagabonds, strays, witches, beggars, lazy women, and thieves. Magdalena de San Jerónimo, who aimed to rehabilitate the women by imprisoning them in buildings called galera, wrote a treatise entitled Razón y forma de la Galera y Casa Real, presented it to King Felipe III and declared that society could be purified by imprisoning the women who were causing the decay of Spanish society. This study focuses on the reasons why the institution called galera, was formed and the possible consequences of implementing it in addition to its relationship with rehabilitation and discipline.

References

  • Almeda, E. (2005-2006). Pasado y Presente de las Cárceles Femeninas en España. Sociológica, 6, 75-106.
  • Black, D. (2001). Public Bodies, Private Parts: The Virgins and Magdalens of Magdalena de San Gerónimo.
  • Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, 2(1), 81-96.
  • Boyle, M. E. (2014). Unruly Women: Performance, Penitence, and Punishment in Early Modern Spain. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gratian: The Treatise on Laws with The Ordinary Gross (Decretum DD.1-20). (1993). Washington.
  • Herrera, C. P. (1598). Discursos del Amparo de los Legitimos Pobres. Madrid: Luis Sanchez.
  • Juárez-Almendros, E. (2017). Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature: Prostitutes, Aging Women. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • Lagunas, C. (2000). Apuntes Sobre un Tratado Carcelario Femenino del Siglo XVII: La Galera, Escrito Por Sor Magdalena de San Jerónimo. La Aljaba, V, 164-174.
  • Magdalena, A. J. (1608). Razon y forma de la Galera y Casa Real, que el Rey, Nuestro Señor, Manda Hacer en Estos Reinos, Para Castigo de las Mujeres Vagantes, y Ladronas, Alcahuetas, Hechiceras, y Otras Semejantes. Salamanca: Artvs Taberniel.
  • Navarrete, P. F. (1626). Conservacion de Monarquias y Discursos Politicos. Madrid: Imprenta Real.
  • Parello, V. (1999). Discours Réformateur et Marginalité Féminine dans l'Espagne Moderne. Les "galères" de Madalena de San Jerónimo (1608). Bulletin Hispanique , 55-68.
  • Pavez, M. O. (2009). Reflexiones en Torno a la Construcción de Esferas de Control y Sensibilidades Las Casas De Recogidas, Siglos XVI-XVIII . Estudios Humanísticos, 8, 177-204.
  • Perry, M. E. (1991). With Brave Vigilance and a Hundred Eyes: The Making of Women's Prisons in Counter- Reformation Spain. Women & Criminal Justice, 2(1), 3-17.
  • Santos, J. L. (2014). Casas de Recogidas y Galeras de Mujeres en la Edad Moderna: Moralidad, Asistencia y Represión Contra las Mujeres en los Siglos XVII y XVIII. Ó. F. Álvarez içinde, Mujeres en Riesgo de Exclusión Social y Violencia de Género (s. 417-427). León: Universidad de León.
  • Schlau, S. (2020). Disciplining Sinful Women: Magdalena de San Jerónimo's All-Work, No-Play Model of Punishment and Rehabilitation. B. M. Cairns içinde, Confined Women: The Walls of Female Space in Early Modern Spain (s. 72-89). Hispanic Issues Series.
  • Vázquez, I. R. (2005). La Represión de la Prostitución en la Castilla del Siglo XVII. Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 32, 263-286.

KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 82, 391 - 403, 27.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1472987

Abstract

XVI. yüzyılın başından itibaren yoksulluğa ve cinselliğe yönelik bakış açısının değişmeye başlaması neticesinde hem yoksulluk hem de cinsellik kontrol edilmesi, denetlenmesi ve çözülmesi gereken meseleler olarak görülmüştür. Nitekim XVI. yüzyılın sonlarında toplumsal, iktisadi, dinî, politik ve ekonomik sorunlar ile boğuşmaya başlayan İspanya’da da benzer bir durum yaşanmış ve hayat kadınlarına yönelik denetimler ve kısıtlamalar artmıştır. Daha önceleri hoş karşılanan bir grup olmasa da işlerini yapmalarına izin verilen hayat kadınları, İspanyol düşünürler ve yazarlar tarafından toplumu hem ahlaki hem de sıhhi açıdan kirletmekle suçlanmışlardır. Bu nedenle, kilise ve devlet tarafından kontrol altına alınmak istenen bu grup, yalnızca hayat kadınları ile sınırlı kalmayıp avare, başıboş, büyücü, dilenci, tembel ve hırsız kadınlar gibi farklı kadınları da kapsamıştır. Bahsi geçen kadınları galera adı verilen binalara hapsederek onları rehabilite etmeyi amaçlayan Aziz Jeronimolu Magdalena da kaleme almış olduğu Razón y forma de la Galera y Casa Real adlı eserini Kral III. Felipe’ye sunmuş ve İspanyol toplumunun bozulmasına neden olan kadınların tutuklanmasıyla toplumun arınabileceğini ifade etmiştir. İşbu çalışma da Aziz Jeronimolu Magdalena tarafından ortaya atılmış olan galera adlı kurumun ortaya çıkma nedenleri ile olası sonuçlarını ele almış, onun rehabilitasyon ve disiplin ile ilişkisi üzerinde durmuştur.

References

  • Almeda, E. (2005-2006). Pasado y Presente de las Cárceles Femeninas en España. Sociológica, 6, 75-106.
  • Black, D. (2001). Public Bodies, Private Parts: The Virgins and Magdalens of Magdalena de San Gerónimo.
  • Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, 2(1), 81-96.
  • Boyle, M. E. (2014). Unruly Women: Performance, Penitence, and Punishment in Early Modern Spain. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gratian: The Treatise on Laws with The Ordinary Gross (Decretum DD.1-20). (1993). Washington.
  • Herrera, C. P. (1598). Discursos del Amparo de los Legitimos Pobres. Madrid: Luis Sanchez.
  • Juárez-Almendros, E. (2017). Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature: Prostitutes, Aging Women. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • Lagunas, C. (2000). Apuntes Sobre un Tratado Carcelario Femenino del Siglo XVII: La Galera, Escrito Por Sor Magdalena de San Jerónimo. La Aljaba, V, 164-174.
  • Magdalena, A. J. (1608). Razon y forma de la Galera y Casa Real, que el Rey, Nuestro Señor, Manda Hacer en Estos Reinos, Para Castigo de las Mujeres Vagantes, y Ladronas, Alcahuetas, Hechiceras, y Otras Semejantes. Salamanca: Artvs Taberniel.
  • Navarrete, P. F. (1626). Conservacion de Monarquias y Discursos Politicos. Madrid: Imprenta Real.
  • Parello, V. (1999). Discours Réformateur et Marginalité Féminine dans l'Espagne Moderne. Les "galères" de Madalena de San Jerónimo (1608). Bulletin Hispanique , 55-68.
  • Pavez, M. O. (2009). Reflexiones en Torno a la Construcción de Esferas de Control y Sensibilidades Las Casas De Recogidas, Siglos XVI-XVIII . Estudios Humanísticos, 8, 177-204.
  • Perry, M. E. (1991). With Brave Vigilance and a Hundred Eyes: The Making of Women's Prisons in Counter- Reformation Spain. Women & Criminal Justice, 2(1), 3-17.
  • Santos, J. L. (2014). Casas de Recogidas y Galeras de Mujeres en la Edad Moderna: Moralidad, Asistencia y Represión Contra las Mujeres en los Siglos XVII y XVIII. Ó. F. Álvarez içinde, Mujeres en Riesgo de Exclusión Social y Violencia de Género (s. 417-427). León: Universidad de León.
  • Schlau, S. (2020). Disciplining Sinful Women: Magdalena de San Jerónimo's All-Work, No-Play Model of Punishment and Rehabilitation. B. M. Cairns içinde, Confined Women: The Walls of Female Space in Early Modern Spain (s. 72-89). Hispanic Issues Series.
  • Vázquez, I. R. (2005). La Represión de la Prostitución en la Castilla del Siglo XVII. Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 32, 263-286.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Early Modern History (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Talha Kalkan 0000-0002-1954-5698

Publication Date June 27, 2024
Submission Date April 24, 2024
Acceptance Date June 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 21 Issue: 82

Cite

APA Kalkan, M. T. (2024). KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, 21(82), 391-403. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1472987
AMA Kalkan MT. KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. June 2024;21(82):391-403. doi:10.56694/karadearas.1472987
Chicago Kalkan, Mehmet Talha. “KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 21, no. 82 (June 2024): 391-403. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1472987.
EndNote Kalkan MT (June 1, 2024) KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 21 82 391–403.
IEEE M. T. Kalkan, “KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, vol. 21, no. 82, pp. 391–403, 2024, doi: 10.56694/karadearas.1472987.
ISNAD Kalkan, Mehmet Talha. “KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 21/82 (June 2024), 391-403. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1472987.
JAMA Kalkan MT. KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2024;21:391–403.
MLA Kalkan, Mehmet Talha. “KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, vol. 21, no. 82, 2024, pp. 391-03, doi:10.56694/karadearas.1472987.
Vancouver Kalkan MT. KADINLARI CEZALANDIRAN KADIN: AZİZ JERONIMOLU MAGDALENA. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2024;21(82):391-403.