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Do Impacts of Factors Affecting Goods Trade Diffirentiate for Service Trade? The Case of TURKEY

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 1056 - 1078, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.043

Abstract

Bilindiği gibi bireylerin, örgütlerin ve ülkelerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılama şekli olarak düşünülebilecek olan uluslararası ticaret oldukça önemli bir kavramdır. Uzun bir süredir uluslararası ticaret sadece fiziksel ürünlerin uluslararası ticareti ile ilişkilendirilmesine rağmen özellikle 2000’lerden sonra araştırmacılar uluslararası hizmet ticaretinin uluslararası mal ticaretinden farklı olacağını düşünmeye başlamışlardır. Bu bağlamda hem bu iki kavram arasındaki farklılıklar hem de bu kavramları etkileyen ve bu kavramlardan etkilenen unsurlar literatürde anlaşılması gereken bir alan haline gelmiştir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada hizmet ihracatı kapsamında Türkçe literatürde çokça çalışılmayan değişkenler (küreselleşme, doğrudan yabancı yatırım, kayıt dışı ekonomi ve internet teknolojisi) ile Türk hizmet ihracatı arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bahsi geçen ilişkileri anlamak için ARDL modeli kullanılarak 1970-2018 dönemi için eşbütünleşme analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Türkiye örneğinden hareketle mal ticaretini etkileyen faktörlerin etkileri hizmet ihracatı için farklılaşıyor mu sorusunun cevabının evet olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda küreselleşmenin beklenenin aksi yönde etki doğurduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma politika yapıcılar için tavsiyelerde de bulunmaktadır.

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

References

  • Abasimi, I., Vorlak, L., Salim, A., & Li, X. (2019). Determinants of export service in selected west African countries. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 5(2), 39-47.
  • Adıgüzel, M. (2013). Ekonomik küreselleşmenin Türkiye ekonomisine etkileri. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (35), 1-20.
  • Ariu, A. (2016). Services versus goods trade: a firm-level comparison. Review of World Economics, 152(1), 19-41.
  • Bashimov, G. (2017). Türk tekstil ve hazır giyim sektörünün uluslararası rekabet gücü: ASEAN-5 ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmalı analiz. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 1-15.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019), Küreselleşme sürecinde kayıt dışı ekonominin Türk hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi üzerine model önerisi ve tartışma, ARHUSS, (2019), 2(2):144-167
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019). İnternet teknolojisinin Türk hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 22-36. Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge Press, London.
  • Çetintaş, H., & Vergil, H. (2003). Türkiye'de Kayıtdışı Ekonominin Tahmini. Dogus Universitesi Dergisi, 4(1), 15-30.
  • Choi, C. (2010). The effect of the Internet on service trade. Economics Letters, 109(2), 102-104.
  • Clarke, G. R. ve Wallsten, S. J. (2006). Has the internet increased trade? Developed and developing country evidence. Economic Inquiry, 44(3), 465-484.
  • Dimitrova, B. V., Korschun, D., & Yotov, Y. V. (2017). When and how country reputation stimulates export volume. International Marketing Review, 34(3), 377-402.
  • Doğanlar, M., Bal, H., ve Özmen, M. (2004). Uluslararası ticaret ve Türkiye’nin ihracat fonksiyonu. Manas Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 83-109.
  • Eichengreen, B. ve Gupta, P. (2013). The real exchange rate and export growth: are services different?. The World Bank.
  • Filipović, M., Nikolić, M., & Katić, G. (2015). Shortage of domestic savings and investments as a barrier to economic development. Industrija, 43(1), 111-132.
  • Freund, C. L., & Weinhold, D. (2004). The effect of the Internet on international trade. Journal of international economics, 62(1), 171-189.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., ve Sturm, J. E. (2018). The KOF globalisation index– revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 1-32.
  • Harding, T., & Javorcik, B. S. (2012). Foreign direct investment and export upgrading. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(4), 964-980.
  • İncekara, A., & Savrul, A. G. M. (2011). Küreselleşme, büyüme ve ekonomik entegrasyonlar: Türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 61(2), 3-22.
  • informal economy. BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from BusinessDictionary.com website: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/informal-economy.html
  • Kim, S., & Shin, E. H. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of globalization and regionalization in international trade: A social network approach. Social Forces, 81(2), 445-468.
  • Lennon, C. (2008). Trade in services and trade in goods: Differences and complementarities. Paris-Jourdan Science Economiques. Working paper 2008-52
  • Lin, F. (2015). Estimating the effect of the internet on international trade. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 24(3), 409-428.
  • OECD (2019), Trade in goods (indicator). doi: 10.1787/1ea6b5ed-en (Accessed on 26 August 2019)
  • OECD (2019), Trade in services (indicator). doi: 10.1787/3796b5f0-en (Accessed on 26 August 2019)
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Sarıkaya, H. E. (2007). Kayıt dışı ekonominin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye örneği (1980-2005). Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Sinha, A. (2011). Trade and the informal economy. Trade and Employment, 125.
  • Sun, S. (2009). How does FDI affect domestic firms’ exports? Industrial evidence. World Trade, 11, 011.
  • Yousefi, A. (2018). Estimating the effect of the internet on international trade in services. Journal of Business Theory and Practice, 6(1), 65.
  • Zhang, K. H. (2005, June). How does FDI affect a host country’s export performance? The case of China. In International conference of WTO, China and the Asian Economies (pp. 25-26).
  • Zong-biao, W. S. L. H. (2010). Service FDI inflow and service trade exports of host country: An empirical study based on Chinese data. Journal of International Trade, 11, 011.

Do Impacts of Factors Affecting Goods Trade Diffirentiate for Service Trade? The Case of TURKEY

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 1056 - 1078, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.043

Abstract

As known, international trade, which can be thought as the way that individuals, organizations, and countries fulfill their needs, is a very important concept. Although, for a long time, international trade has been associated with only international trade of physical products, especially after 2000s, researchers have begun to think that there can be international trade of services which is different from international trade of goods. In this sense, both of differences among these two concepts, and factors, that possibly affect and are affected by these two concepts, became an area that requires to be understood clearly in the literature. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the relationship between the variables (globalization, foreign direct investment, informal economy, and internet technology), that are not widely studied in Turkish literature in terms of service trade, and Turkish service export. To understand the relationship among mentioned variables, cointegration analyzes was conducted for the period of 1970-2018 by using ARDL model. As a result of the analysis, it was understood that the answer to the question of whether the effects of the factors affecting the trade of goods differ for the export of services is yes based on the example of Turkey. In this direction, it has been observed that globalization has the opposite effect of what is expected. Lastly, this research provides some recommendations for policymakers.

Project Number

YOK

References

  • Abasimi, I., Vorlak, L., Salim, A., & Li, X. (2019). Determinants of export service in selected west African countries. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 5(2), 39-47.
  • Adıgüzel, M. (2013). Ekonomik küreselleşmenin Türkiye ekonomisine etkileri. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (35), 1-20.
  • Ariu, A. (2016). Services versus goods trade: a firm-level comparison. Review of World Economics, 152(1), 19-41.
  • Bashimov, G. (2017). Türk tekstil ve hazır giyim sektörünün uluslararası rekabet gücü: ASEAN-5 ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmalı analiz. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 1-15.
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019), Küreselleşme sürecinde kayıt dışı ekonominin Türk hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi üzerine model önerisi ve tartışma, ARHUSS, (2019), 2(2):144-167
  • Bilgiç, E. (2019). İnternet teknolojisinin Türk hizmet ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi. Başkent Üniversitesi Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 22-36. Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge Press, London.
  • Çetintaş, H., & Vergil, H. (2003). Türkiye'de Kayıtdışı Ekonominin Tahmini. Dogus Universitesi Dergisi, 4(1), 15-30.
  • Choi, C. (2010). The effect of the Internet on service trade. Economics Letters, 109(2), 102-104.
  • Clarke, G. R. ve Wallsten, S. J. (2006). Has the internet increased trade? Developed and developing country evidence. Economic Inquiry, 44(3), 465-484.
  • Dimitrova, B. V., Korschun, D., & Yotov, Y. V. (2017). When and how country reputation stimulates export volume. International Marketing Review, 34(3), 377-402.
  • Doğanlar, M., Bal, H., ve Özmen, M. (2004). Uluslararası ticaret ve Türkiye’nin ihracat fonksiyonu. Manas Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7, 83-109.
  • Eichengreen, B. ve Gupta, P. (2013). The real exchange rate and export growth: are services different?. The World Bank.
  • Filipović, M., Nikolić, M., & Katić, G. (2015). Shortage of domestic savings and investments as a barrier to economic development. Industrija, 43(1), 111-132.
  • Freund, C. L., & Weinhold, D. (2004). The effect of the Internet on international trade. Journal of international economics, 62(1), 171-189.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., ve Sturm, J. E. (2018). The KOF globalisation index– revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 1-32.
  • Harding, T., & Javorcik, B. S. (2012). Foreign direct investment and export upgrading. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(4), 964-980.
  • İncekara, A., & Savrul, A. G. M. (2011). Küreselleşme, büyüme ve ekonomik entegrasyonlar: Türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme. İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 61(2), 3-22.
  • informal economy. BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from BusinessDictionary.com website: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/informal-economy.html
  • Kim, S., & Shin, E. H. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of globalization and regionalization in international trade: A social network approach. Social Forces, 81(2), 445-468.
  • Lennon, C. (2008). Trade in services and trade in goods: Differences and complementarities. Paris-Jourdan Science Economiques. Working paper 2008-52
  • Lin, F. (2015). Estimating the effect of the internet on international trade. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 24(3), 409-428.
  • OECD (2019), Trade in goods (indicator). doi: 10.1787/1ea6b5ed-en (Accessed on 26 August 2019)
  • OECD (2019), Trade in services (indicator). doi: 10.1787/3796b5f0-en (Accessed on 26 August 2019)
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Sarıkaya, H. E. (2007). Kayıt dışı ekonominin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Türkiye örneği (1980-2005). Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Sinha, A. (2011). Trade and the informal economy. Trade and Employment, 125.
  • Sun, S. (2009). How does FDI affect domestic firms’ exports? Industrial evidence. World Trade, 11, 011.
  • Yousefi, A. (2018). Estimating the effect of the internet on international trade in services. Journal of Business Theory and Practice, 6(1), 65.
  • Zhang, K. H. (2005, June). How does FDI affect a host country’s export performance? The case of China. In International conference of WTO, China and the Asian Economies (pp. 25-26).
  • Zong-biao, W. S. L. H. (2010). Service FDI inflow and service trade exports of host country: An empirical study based on Chinese data. Journal of International Trade, 11, 011.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Bilgiç 0000-0003-1392-5320

Project Number YOK
Publication Date December 21, 2021
Acceptance Date September 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Bilgiç, E. (2021). Do Impacts of Factors Affecting Goods Trade Diffirentiate for Service Trade? The Case of TURKEY. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 1056-1078. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.043

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