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DOES THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN ON THE BOARD ADD PROFIT AND VALUE ADDED TO FIRMS?

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 781 - 809, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.032

Abstract

Türkiye’de aile şirketlerinin çoğunlukta olmasının ve toplum yapısında ataerkil yapının hâkim olmasının, şirket yönetimlerindeki kadın yöneticilerin etkinliğini azaltabileceği düşüncesinden yola çıkarak bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul (BIST) firmalarında kadın yöneticilerin firma performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. 2010-2017 döneminde BIST’te kesintisiz olarak işlem gören 126 imalat firmasını alarak çalışmamızı sınırlandırdık. Yapılan çoklu regresyon analizlerinde genel olarak şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Yönetim kurulundaki kadın oranı ile yönetim kurulunda en az 1 kadın olmasının performans ölçütleri üzerinde etkisi anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Yönetim kurulunda 2 ve daha fazla kadın olmasının ROE, 3 ve daha fazla kadın bulunmasının EVA/TA üzerindeki etkisi anlamlı iken, diğer performans ölçütleri üzerindeki etkileri ise anlamlı bulunmamıştır.

References

  • Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291-309.
  • Akpinar Sposito, C. (2013). Career barriers for women executives and the glass ceiling syndrome: The case study comparison between French and Turkish women executives. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 488-497.
  • Aktan, C. C. (2013). Kurumsal şirket yönetimi. Organizasyon Ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 150-161.
  • Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2004). Board composition: Balancing family influence in S&P 500 firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(2), 209-237.
  • Arioglu, E. (2014). Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Evidence from Borsa İstanbul. Research Journal of Business and Management, 2(1), 18-36.
  • Arosa, B., Iturralde, T. & Maseda, A. (2010). Outsiders on the board of directors and firm performance: Evidence from Spanish non-listed family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(4), 236-245.
  • Arslantaş, C.C. (2012). Kurumsal yönetimin yönetim kuruluna yansımaları (1.b). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Aslantaş, M.F., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). Finansal performans araştırmalarında güncel yaklaşımlar. B. Güngör ve C. Yerdelen Kaygın (Ed.). Covid-19 döneminde kamu sermayeli mevduat bankalarının finansal performansları üzerine bir inceleme (327-349). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Atılgan, Ö. (2017). Yönetim kurulu büyüklüğü, bağımsız üye oranı ve kadın üye oranı ile finansal performans ilişkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 315-354.
  • Balasubramanian, B.N., & Anand, R.V. (2013). Ownership trends in corporate India 2001-2011: Evidence and implications. IIM Bangalore Research Paper No. 419, 1-91.
  • Buallay, A., Hamdan, R., Barone, E., & Hamdan, A. (2020). Increasing female participation on boards: Effects on sustainability reporting. International J Fin & Econ, 1-14.
  • Çalışkan A. (2017). Yönetim ve strateji 101 teori ve yaklaşım. Ömer Turunç ve Hakan Turgut (Ed.). Kaynak bağımlılığı teorisi (221-269). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Campbell, K., & Vera, A. M. (2010). Female board appointments and firm valuation: Short and long-term effects. Journal of Management & Governance, 14(1), 37-59.
  • Carter, D. A., D’Souza, F., Simkins, B. J., & Simpson, W. G. (2010). The gender and ethnic diversity of us boards and board committees and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(5), 396-414.
  • Chapple, L., & Humphrey, J. E. (2014). Does board gender diversity have a financial impact? Evidence using stock portfolio performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 709-723.
  • Chauhan, Y., & Dey, D. K. (2017). Do female directors really add value in Indian firms?. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 42, 24-36.
  • Conyon, M. J., & He, L. (2017). Firm performance and boardroom gender diversity: A quantile regression approach. Journal of Business Research, 79, 198-211.
  • Dargnies, M.P. (2012). Men too sometimes shy away from competition: The case of team competition. Management Science, 58(11), 1982-2000.
  • Darmadı S. (2010). Board diversity and firm performance: The Indonesian evidence. Corporate Ownership and Control Journal, 8, 1627-1637.
  • De Andres, P., Azofra, V., & Lopez, F. (2005). Corporate boards in OECD countries: Size, composition, functioning and effectiveness. Corporate governance: An International Review, 13(2), 197-210.
  • Doğan, M. (2018). Kadın yönetim kurulu üye sayısının finansal performans üzerinde etkisi: Literatür taraması. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(2), 132-141.
  • Ertimur, Y., Ferri, F., & Stubben, S. R. (2010). Board of directors' responsiveness to shareholders: Evidence from shareholder proposals. Journal of Corporate Finance, 16(1), 53-72.
  • Farrell, K. A., & Hersch, P. L. (2005). Additions to corporate boards: The effect of gender. Journal of Corporate Finance, 11(1-2), 85-106.
  • Francoeur, C., Labelle, R., & Sinclair-Desgagné, B., (2008). Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 83-95.
  • García Meca, E., García-Sánchez, I. M., & Martínez-Ferrero, J. (2015). Board diversity and its effects on bank performance: An international analysis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 53, 202-214.
  • Ghosh, S., & Ansari, J. (2018). Board characteristics and financial performance: Evidence from Indian cooperative banks. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 6(2), 86-93.
  • Green, C. P., & Homroy, S. (2018). Female directors, board committees and firm performance. European Economic Review, 102, 19-38.
  • Hillman, A. J., Cannella, A. A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management studies, 37(2), 235-256.
  • Horasan, E. & Yılmaz, T. (2019). Türk imalat şirketlerinde piyasa katma değerini (mva) açıklayan ekonomik katma değer (EVA) mi yoksa kârlılık mı?. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(41), 295-315.
  • Hsu H.H, & Wu C.Y.H. (2014). Board composition, grey directors and corporate failure in the UK. Br Account Rev, 46, 215-227.
  • Jermias, J., & Gani, L. (2014). The impact of board capital and board characteristics on firm performance. The British Accounting Review, 46(2), 135-153.
  • Julizaerma, M. K., & Sori, Z. M. (2012). Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm performance of Malaysian public listed companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1077-1085.
  • Jurkus, A. F., Park, J. C., & Woodard, L. S. (2011). Women in top management and agency costs. Journal of Business Research, 64(2), 180-186.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2018). Kadının kalkınmadaki rolü, on birinci kalkınma planı (2019-2023). Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KadininKalkinmadakiRoluOzelIhtisasKomisyonuRaporu.pdf.
  • Karabıyık, İ. (2015). Türkiye'de çalışma hayatında kadın istihdamı. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 231-260.
  • Karatepe, S., & Arıbaş, N. (2015). İş hayatında kadın yöneticilere ilişkin cinsiyet ayrımcılığı: Türkiye için bir değerlendirme. Yasama Dergisi, 31, 7-23.
  • Karayel M., & Doğan M. (2014), Yönetim kurulunda cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve finansal performans ilişkisi: BIST 100 şirketlerinde bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 75-88.
  • Kolade, O. J., & Kehinde, O. (2013). Glass ceiling and women career advancement: Evidence from Nigerian construction industry. Iranian Journal of Management Studies (IJMS), 6(1), 77-97.
  • Kouaib, A., Mhiri, S., & Jarboui, A. (2020). Board of directors’ effectiveness and sustainable performance: The triple bottom line. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 31(2), 1-11.
  • Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2011). The effect of board of director composition on corporate tax aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 30(1), 50-70.
  • Liu, Y., Wei, Z., & Xie, F. (2014). Do women directors improve firm performance in China? Journal of Corporate Finance, 28, 169-184.
  • Low, D. C., Roberts, H., & Whiting, R. H. (2015). Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 35, 381-401.
  • Meydan C. H. & Basım, H. N. (2007). Kurumsal yönetim-şirket performansı ilişkisi: kuramsal bir analiz. Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 48-67.
  • Mordi, C., Adedoyin, H., & Ajonbadi, H. (2011). Impediments to women career advancement: The Nigerian experience. Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti: Bulletin, Economic Sciences Series, 43(2), 11-22.
  • Ocak, M. (2013). Yönetim kurulu ve üst yönetimde yer alan kadınların finansal performansa etkisi: Türkiye'ye ilişkin bulgular. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 60, 107-126.
  • Otluoglu, E., Sari, E., & Cakmak, K. O. (2016). Yönetim kurulu çeşitliliğinin finansal performansa etkisi: BIST 100 üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(46), 749-758.
  • Owen, A. L., & Temesvary, J. (2018). The performance effects of gender diversity on bank boards. Journal of Banking & Finance, 90, 50-63.
  • Özen, A.K. ve Yılmaz, T. (2016). Bağımlı ve bağımsız yönetim kurulu üyelerinin işletmenin finansal performansına etkisi. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 58, 455-471.
  • Post, C., & Byron, K. (2015). Women on boards and firm financial performance: A meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1546-1571.
  • Pucheta Martínez, M. C., & Gallego Álvarez, I. (2020). Do board characteristics drive firm performance? An international perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 14(6), 1251-1297.
  • Rao, K. K., & Tilt, C. (2020). Gender and CSR decisions: perspectives from Australian boards. Meditari Accountancy Research. 19(1), 60-85.
  • Şahin, K., Burçin, E., Kaplan, T., & Özdündar, G. (2018). Yönetim kurullarında kadın yönetici temsili: Türkiye’de yönetim kurulları yapısının cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14(4), 1147-1166.
  • Shoham, A., Lee, S. M., Khan, Z., Tarba, S. Y., & Ahammad, M. F. (2020). The effect of board gender diversity on cross-listing. Journal of Corporate Finance, 65, 1-31.
  • Smith, N., Smith, V., & Verner, M. (2006). Do women in top management affect firm performance? A panel study of 2,500 Danish firms. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55, 569-593.
  • Talavera, O., Yin, S., & Zhang, M. (2018). Age diversity, directors' personal values, and bank performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 55, 60-79.
  • Tasheva, S., & Hillman, A. J. (2019). Integrating diversity at different levels: Multilevel human capital, social capital, and demographic diversity and their implications for team effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 44(4), 746-765.
  • Triana, M. D. C., Miller, T. L., & Trzebiatowski, T. M. (2014). The double-edged nature of board gender diversity: Diversity, firm performance, and the power of women directors as predictors of strategic change. Organization Science, 25(2), 609-632.
  • Tunç, A., Yurdanur U. U., & Gökçe A.F. (2015). Türk kamu yönetiminde personel ve yönetici olarak kadının varlığı: Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı örneği. KADAUM 1. Uluslararası Çukurova Kadın Çalışmaları Kongresi, 9-11 Nisan 2015 Adana.
  • Wang, Y., & Clift, B. (2009). Is there a “business case” for board diversity? Pacific Accounting Review, 22(2), 88-103.
  • Wang, Y., Wilson, C., & Li, Y. (2020). Gender attitudes and the effect of board gender diversity on corporate environmental responsibility. Emerging Markets Review, 1-17.
  • Wiengarten, F., Lo, C. K., & Lam, J. Y. (2017). How does sustainability leadership affect firm performance? The choices associated with appointing a chief officer of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(3), 477-493.

DOES THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN ON THE BOARD ADD PROFIT AND VALUE ADDED TO FIRMS?

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 781 - 809, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.032

Abstract

Based on the idea that the majority of family companies and the dominance of patriarchy in the social structure in Turkey may reduce the effectiveness of female managers in company management, this study aims to examine the effect of female managers on firm performance in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) companies. We limited our study to 126 manufacturing companies that were continuously traded in the BIST in the 2010-2017 periods. In general, the following results were obtained in the multiple regression analyzes. The ratio of women in the board of directors and the presence of at least 1 woman in the board of directors were not found to have a significant effect on performance criteria. While the effect of having 2 or more women in the board of directors on ROE and having 3 or more women on EVA/TA was significant, the effects on other performance criteria were not found to be significant.

References

  • Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291-309.
  • Akpinar Sposito, C. (2013). Career barriers for women executives and the glass ceiling syndrome: The case study comparison between French and Turkish women executives. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 488-497.
  • Aktan, C. C. (2013). Kurumsal şirket yönetimi. Organizasyon Ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 150-161.
  • Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2004). Board composition: Balancing family influence in S&P 500 firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(2), 209-237.
  • Arioglu, E. (2014). Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Evidence from Borsa İstanbul. Research Journal of Business and Management, 2(1), 18-36.
  • Arosa, B., Iturralde, T. & Maseda, A. (2010). Outsiders on the board of directors and firm performance: Evidence from Spanish non-listed family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(4), 236-245.
  • Arslantaş, C.C. (2012). Kurumsal yönetimin yönetim kuruluna yansımaları (1.b). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Aslantaş, M.F., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). Finansal performans araştırmalarında güncel yaklaşımlar. B. Güngör ve C. Yerdelen Kaygın (Ed.). Covid-19 döneminde kamu sermayeli mevduat bankalarının finansal performansları üzerine bir inceleme (327-349). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Atılgan, Ö. (2017). Yönetim kurulu büyüklüğü, bağımsız üye oranı ve kadın üye oranı ile finansal performans ilişkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 315-354.
  • Balasubramanian, B.N., & Anand, R.V. (2013). Ownership trends in corporate India 2001-2011: Evidence and implications. IIM Bangalore Research Paper No. 419, 1-91.
  • Buallay, A., Hamdan, R., Barone, E., & Hamdan, A. (2020). Increasing female participation on boards: Effects on sustainability reporting. International J Fin & Econ, 1-14.
  • Çalışkan A. (2017). Yönetim ve strateji 101 teori ve yaklaşım. Ömer Turunç ve Hakan Turgut (Ed.). Kaynak bağımlılığı teorisi (221-269). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Campbell, K., & Vera, A. M. (2010). Female board appointments and firm valuation: Short and long-term effects. Journal of Management & Governance, 14(1), 37-59.
  • Carter, D. A., D’Souza, F., Simkins, B. J., & Simpson, W. G. (2010). The gender and ethnic diversity of us boards and board committees and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(5), 396-414.
  • Chapple, L., & Humphrey, J. E. (2014). Does board gender diversity have a financial impact? Evidence using stock portfolio performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 709-723.
  • Chauhan, Y., & Dey, D. K. (2017). Do female directors really add value in Indian firms?. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 42, 24-36.
  • Conyon, M. J., & He, L. (2017). Firm performance and boardroom gender diversity: A quantile regression approach. Journal of Business Research, 79, 198-211.
  • Dargnies, M.P. (2012). Men too sometimes shy away from competition: The case of team competition. Management Science, 58(11), 1982-2000.
  • Darmadı S. (2010). Board diversity and firm performance: The Indonesian evidence. Corporate Ownership and Control Journal, 8, 1627-1637.
  • De Andres, P., Azofra, V., & Lopez, F. (2005). Corporate boards in OECD countries: Size, composition, functioning and effectiveness. Corporate governance: An International Review, 13(2), 197-210.
  • Doğan, M. (2018). Kadın yönetim kurulu üye sayısının finansal performans üzerinde etkisi: Literatür taraması. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(2), 132-141.
  • Ertimur, Y., Ferri, F., & Stubben, S. R. (2010). Board of directors' responsiveness to shareholders: Evidence from shareholder proposals. Journal of Corporate Finance, 16(1), 53-72.
  • Farrell, K. A., & Hersch, P. L. (2005). Additions to corporate boards: The effect of gender. Journal of Corporate Finance, 11(1-2), 85-106.
  • Francoeur, C., Labelle, R., & Sinclair-Desgagné, B., (2008). Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 83-95.
  • García Meca, E., García-Sánchez, I. M., & Martínez-Ferrero, J. (2015). Board diversity and its effects on bank performance: An international analysis. Journal of Banking & Finance, 53, 202-214.
  • Ghosh, S., & Ansari, J. (2018). Board characteristics and financial performance: Evidence from Indian cooperative banks. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 6(2), 86-93.
  • Green, C. P., & Homroy, S. (2018). Female directors, board committees and firm performance. European Economic Review, 102, 19-38.
  • Hillman, A. J., Cannella, A. A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management studies, 37(2), 235-256.
  • Horasan, E. & Yılmaz, T. (2019). Türk imalat şirketlerinde piyasa katma değerini (mva) açıklayan ekonomik katma değer (EVA) mi yoksa kârlılık mı?. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(41), 295-315.
  • Hsu H.H, & Wu C.Y.H. (2014). Board composition, grey directors and corporate failure in the UK. Br Account Rev, 46, 215-227.
  • Jermias, J., & Gani, L. (2014). The impact of board capital and board characteristics on firm performance. The British Accounting Review, 46(2), 135-153.
  • Julizaerma, M. K., & Sori, Z. M. (2012). Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm performance of Malaysian public listed companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1077-1085.
  • Jurkus, A. F., Park, J. C., & Woodard, L. S. (2011). Women in top management and agency costs. Journal of Business Research, 64(2), 180-186.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2018). Kadının kalkınmadaki rolü, on birinci kalkınma planı (2019-2023). Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KadininKalkinmadakiRoluOzelIhtisasKomisyonuRaporu.pdf.
  • Karabıyık, İ. (2015). Türkiye'de çalışma hayatında kadın istihdamı. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 32(1), 231-260.
  • Karatepe, S., & Arıbaş, N. (2015). İş hayatında kadın yöneticilere ilişkin cinsiyet ayrımcılığı: Türkiye için bir değerlendirme. Yasama Dergisi, 31, 7-23.
  • Karayel M., & Doğan M. (2014), Yönetim kurulunda cinsiyet çeşitliliği ve finansal performans ilişkisi: BIST 100 şirketlerinde bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 75-88.
  • Kolade, O. J., & Kehinde, O. (2013). Glass ceiling and women career advancement: Evidence from Nigerian construction industry. Iranian Journal of Management Studies (IJMS), 6(1), 77-97.
  • Kouaib, A., Mhiri, S., & Jarboui, A. (2020). Board of directors’ effectiveness and sustainable performance: The triple bottom line. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 31(2), 1-11.
  • Lanis, R., & Richardson, G. (2011). The effect of board of director composition on corporate tax aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 30(1), 50-70.
  • Liu, Y., Wei, Z., & Xie, F. (2014). Do women directors improve firm performance in China? Journal of Corporate Finance, 28, 169-184.
  • Low, D. C., Roberts, H., & Whiting, R. H. (2015). Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 35, 381-401.
  • Meydan C. H. & Basım, H. N. (2007). Kurumsal yönetim-şirket performansı ilişkisi: kuramsal bir analiz. Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 48-67.
  • Mordi, C., Adedoyin, H., & Ajonbadi, H. (2011). Impediments to women career advancement: The Nigerian experience. Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti: Bulletin, Economic Sciences Series, 43(2), 11-22.
  • Ocak, M. (2013). Yönetim kurulu ve üst yönetimde yer alan kadınların finansal performansa etkisi: Türkiye'ye ilişkin bulgular. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 60, 107-126.
  • Otluoglu, E., Sari, E., & Cakmak, K. O. (2016). Yönetim kurulu çeşitliliğinin finansal performansa etkisi: BIST 100 üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(46), 749-758.
  • Owen, A. L., & Temesvary, J. (2018). The performance effects of gender diversity on bank boards. Journal of Banking & Finance, 90, 50-63.
  • Özen, A.K. ve Yılmaz, T. (2016). Bağımlı ve bağımsız yönetim kurulu üyelerinin işletmenin finansal performansına etkisi. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 58, 455-471.
  • Post, C., & Byron, K. (2015). Women on boards and firm financial performance: A meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 58(5), 1546-1571.
  • Pucheta Martínez, M. C., & Gallego Álvarez, I. (2020). Do board characteristics drive firm performance? An international perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 14(6), 1251-1297.
  • Rao, K. K., & Tilt, C. (2020). Gender and CSR decisions: perspectives from Australian boards. Meditari Accountancy Research. 19(1), 60-85.
  • Şahin, K., Burçin, E., Kaplan, T., & Özdündar, G. (2018). Yönetim kurullarında kadın yönetici temsili: Türkiye’de yönetim kurulları yapısının cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 14(4), 1147-1166.
  • Shoham, A., Lee, S. M., Khan, Z., Tarba, S. Y., & Ahammad, M. F. (2020). The effect of board gender diversity on cross-listing. Journal of Corporate Finance, 65, 1-31.
  • Smith, N., Smith, V., & Verner, M. (2006). Do women in top management affect firm performance? A panel study of 2,500 Danish firms. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55, 569-593.
  • Talavera, O., Yin, S., & Zhang, M. (2018). Age diversity, directors' personal values, and bank performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 55, 60-79.
  • Tasheva, S., & Hillman, A. J. (2019). Integrating diversity at different levels: Multilevel human capital, social capital, and demographic diversity and their implications for team effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 44(4), 746-765.
  • Triana, M. D. C., Miller, T. L., & Trzebiatowski, T. M. (2014). The double-edged nature of board gender diversity: Diversity, firm performance, and the power of women directors as predictors of strategic change. Organization Science, 25(2), 609-632.
  • Tunç, A., Yurdanur U. U., & Gökçe A.F. (2015). Türk kamu yönetiminde personel ve yönetici olarak kadının varlığı: Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı örneği. KADAUM 1. Uluslararası Çukurova Kadın Çalışmaları Kongresi, 9-11 Nisan 2015 Adana.
  • Wang, Y., & Clift, B. (2009). Is there a “business case” for board diversity? Pacific Accounting Review, 22(2), 88-103.
  • Wang, Y., Wilson, C., & Li, Y. (2020). Gender attitudes and the effect of board gender diversity on corporate environmental responsibility. Emerging Markets Review, 1-17.
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There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuncer Yılmaz 0000-0001-8956-5814

Alirıza Ağ 0000-0001-5345-6245

Yunus Zengin 0000-0001-8381-6918

Publication Date December 21, 2021
Acceptance Date October 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Yılmaz, T., Ağ, A., & Zengin, Y. (2021). DOES THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN ON THE BOARD ADD PROFIT AND VALUE ADDED TO FIRMS?. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 781-809. https://doi.org/10.36543/kauiibfd.2021.032

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