ÇİN VE AMERİKA REKABETİNDE ORTA ASYA’NIN KONUMU

Year 2020, Issue: 46, 302 - 315, 10.06.2020

Kasimu Maımaıtıaılı

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.712693

Abstract

Amerika 20.yüzyıl dünya ekonomisi ve siyasetinde belirleyici dünya gücü olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. 21. yüzyılda da liderlik statüsünü koruyup koruyamayacağı 1978 yılı sonrası reformlarla hızla gelişmekte olan, iktisadi askeri ve siyasi olarak oldukça ilerleme kaydeden ve gelişmeye devam edeceği beklenen Çin karşısında sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. Amerika yönetimi ve halkının mevcut gerçekler karşısında düşman algısı büyük derecede değişmeye, Çin tehdidi gittikçe İslam ve Rus tehdidinin yerini almaya başlamıştır. Amerikalılar günümüzde artık kendi güvenliğine ve dünyadaki liderlik statüsüne en büyük rakibin Çin olduğuna inanmaktadır. Amerika hükümeti Asya’ya yönelik stratejiler, politikalar geliştirerek uygulamaya başlamış ve dünya çapında işbirliği arama sürecine girmiştir. Çin bunu kendini çevrelemek olarak algılamakla kalmamış, aksine dünyanın süper gücü olma hayalini gerçekleştirmek için batı stratejisi başta olmak üzere Kuşak Yol gibi projeleri geliştirerek etki alanını genişletmeye başlamıştır. Orta Asya özel coğrafik konumuyla hem Amerika hem de Çin açısından gittikçe önem kazanarak, büyük güçlerin yeni bir rekabet alanı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada nicel ve nitel verilere dayanarak Çin ile Amerika’da cereyan eden siyasi, ekonomik gelişmelerin dünya güç dengelerinin değişimine olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. İki devlet arasında ortaya çıkan ticaret savaşları ve onun nedenlerinin ele alınmasıyla beraber iki süper gücün küresel rekabetindeki Orta Asya’nın önemi incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Çin, Amerika, Orta Asya, Güç Dengesinin Değişimi, Büyük Güçler Rekabeti

THE POSITION OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE COMPETITION OF CHINA AND AMERICA

Abstract

America survived as
the decisive world power in the 20th century world economy and politics.
Whether it will maintain its leadership status in the 21st century or not has
started to be questioned in the face of China, which was rapidly developed after
1978 reforms. It has made considerable progress in increasing economic, military
and political influence and is expected to continue growth in the near future. In face of reality, the perception of the enemy has started to change drastically both in American
administration and its people. The Chinese threat has gradually begun to
replace the threat of Islam and Russia. Americans now believe that China is the
biggest competitor to its security and leadership status in the world. The US government started to develop strategies and policies for Asia and
entered the process of seeking cooperation worldwide. China not only does perceive this as encirclement, but rather, it has
expanded its ​​influence by developing projects such as Towards the West strategy,
Belt and Road Initiatives, to realize the dream of becoming the world's
superpower. Central Asia, with its special geographical location, has gained
increasing importance for both America and China, and has emerged as a new
competition arena of ​​great powers. In this study, the effects of political
and economic developments occurring in China and America to the change on
balance of power is evaluated based on quantitative and qualitative data. The
trade wars between them and its causes, as well as the importance of Central
Asia in the global competition of the two superpowers have been examined. 

Keywords

: China, America, Central Asia, The Changing Balance of Power, Great Power Competition

ПОЗИЦИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ В КОНКУРСЕ КИТАЯ И АМЕРИКИ

Abstract

Америка выжила в качестве решающей мировой
державы в мировой экономике и политике 20-го века. Будет ли он сохранять свой
лидирующий статус в 21-м веке или нет, стало подвергаться сомнению перед лицом
Китая, который быстро развивался после реформ 1978 года. Он добился
значительного прогресса в наращивании экономического, военного и политического
влияния и, как ожидается, продолжит рост в ближайшем будущем. Перед лицом
реальности восприятие врага начало резко меняться как в американской
администрации, так и в ее людях. Китайская угроза постепенно начала вытеснять
угрозу ислама и россии. Теперь американцы считают, что Китай является
крупнейшим конкурентом его безопасности и лидерского статуса в мире.
Правительство США начало разрабатывать стратегии и политику для Азии и вступило
в процесс поиска сотрудничества по всему миру. Китай не только воспринимает это
как окружение, но и расширил свое влияние, развивая такие проекты, как
стратегия «На пути к Западу», «Пояса и дороги», для реализации мечты стать
мировой сверхдержавой. Центральная Азия с ее особым географическим положением
приобрела все большее значение как для Америки, так и для Китая, и стала новой
ареной конкуренции великих держав. В этом исследовании влияние политических и
экономических событий, происходящих в Китае и Америке, на изменение баланса сил
оценивается на основе количественных и качественных данных. Были рассмотрены
торговые войны между ними и их причинами, а также важность Центральной Азии в
глобальной конкуренции двух сверхдержав.

Keywords

Китай, Америка, Центральная Азия, меняющийся баланс сил, конкуренция великих держав

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