Kent yoksulu çocukların bakış açısından dışlanma konusunun yaratıcı drama yöntemi ile incelenmesi
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 615 - 652, 30.04.2023
Perihan Korkut
,
Kasım Yıldırım
,
Tuğba Hoşgörür
,
Mine Kizir
,
Sergender Sezer
,
Orhan Kahya
,
Mirace Karaca Evren
,
Eda Yeşil
,
Vural Hosgorur
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Muğla ilinde 4 ilkokul ve 2 ortaokulda gerçekleştirilmiş bir yaratıcı drama atölyesi veri toplama aracı olarak kullanmıştır. 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencilerini hedef alan atölye, öğrencilerde sosyal dışlanma konusunda farkındalık yaratmayı amaçlamıştır. Drama atölyesi, yaratıcı drama olarak bilinen kuramsal çerçeve ve teknikler ışığında, ilgili konunun oyunsu süreçler, rol oynama ve yansıtma yoluyla keşfedileceği şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu makale, canlandırılan bir sosyal dışlanma durumunda öğrenciler tarafından uygulanan stratejileri incelemektedir. Stratejiler incelendiğinde, öğrenciler tarafından en çok yargılayıcı değerlendirici ifadelerin kullanıldığı ve endişe verici derecede yüksek sayıda durumun barışçıl bir şekilde çözülmediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, sosyal bilgi işleme teorisi ile ilgili olarak tartışılmıştır.
Supporting Institution
Tübitak
References
- Addae, E.A. (2020). The mediating role of social capital in the relationship between socioeconomic status and adolescent wellbeing: evidence from Ghana. BMC Public Health, 20.
- Akgün, S. (2005). Akran zorbalığının anne-baba tutumları ve anne-baba ergen ilişkisi açısından değerlendirilmesi. Unpublished MA Thesis, Ankara.
- Anderson, M., & O’Connor, P. (2013). Applied theatre as research: Provoking the possibilities. Applied Theatre Research, 1(2), 189-202.
- Arslan S., Savaşer S. (2008). İnsan hakları ve çocuk hakları bağlamında okulda zorbalık. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi,16(61),65–70.
- Asher, S.R., Renshaw, P.D., & Geraci, R.L. (1980). Children’s friendships and social competence. International Journal of Linguistics, 7, 27-39.
- Baer, A., & Glasgow, J. (2008). Take the bullies to task: Using process drama to make a stand. The English Journal, 97, 79–86.
- Barrio, C. D., Martín, E., Montero, I., Gutiérrez, H., Barrios, Á., & de Dios Pérez, M. (2008). Bullying and social exclusion in Spanish secondary schools: National trends from 1999 to 2006. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(3), 657-677.
- Basourakos, J. (1998). Exploring the moral sphere through dramatic art: The role of contemporary Canadian plays in moral pedagogy. Canadian Journal of Education, 23(3). 265-280.
- Belliveau, G. (2004). Pre-service teachers engage in Collective Drama. English Quarterly, 35(3). 1-6.
- Belliveau, G. (2005). An arts-based approach to teach social justice: Drama as a way to address bullying in schools. International Journal of Arts Education, 3, 136–165.
- Belliveau, G. (2007). An alternative practicum model for teaching and learning. Canadian Journal of Education, 30, 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20466625
- Berger, K. S. (2007). Update on bullying at school: Science forgotten? Developmental review, 27(1), 90-126.
- Boal, A. (1995). The rainbow of desire: The Boal method of theatre and therapy. London, England:Routledge.
- Bolton, G. (1998). Acting in classroom drama: A critical analysis. Stoke-on- Trent, UK: Trentham.
- Bouchard, N. (2002). A narrative approach to moral experience using dramatic play and writing. Journal of Moral Education, 31(4). 407-422.
- Burton, B. (2010). Dramatising the hidden hurt: Acting against covert bullying by adolescent girls. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 15, 255–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569781003700151
Burton, B., & O’Toole, J. (2005). Acting against conflict and bullying. The Brisbane Dracon project, 1996–2004—Emergent findings and outcomes. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 10, 269–283.
- Burton, B., & O’Toole, J. (2009). Power in their hands: The outcomes of the acting against bullying research project. Applied Theatre Researcher/IDEA Journal, 10, 1–15.
- Cahill, H. (2006), ‘Research Acts: Using the Drama Workshop as a Site for Conducting Participatory Action Research’, NJ, 30(2), 61-72.
- Çarkıt, E., & Bacanlı, F. (2020). Okullarda akran zorbalığı: Öğretmen görüşlerine göre nitel bir çalışma. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2545-2583.
- Carlson, K.T. (2006). Poverty and youth violence exposure: Experiences in rural communities. Children and Schools, 28, 87-96
- Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological bulletin, 115(1), 74.
- Curtner-Smith, M. E., Culp, A. M., Culp, R., Scheib, C., Owen, K., Tilley, A., Murphy, M., Parkman, L., & Coleman, P. W. (2006). Mothers' parenting and young economically disadvantaged children's relational and overt bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15(2), 177-189.
- Edmiston, B. (2000). Drama as ethical education. Research in Drama Education 5(1). 22-40.
- Gallagher, K. (2011). Theatre as methodology or, what experimentation affords us. In S. Shonmann (Ed.), Key concepts in theatre/drama education pp. 327-331. Rotterdam: Sense.
- Garrity, C., Jens, K., Porter, W., Sager, N. & Short-Camilli, C. (2000). Bully-proofing your elementary school, (2d ed.). Longmont, Colorado: Sopris West.
- Gourd, K., & Gourd, T. (2011). Enacting democracy: Using forum theatre to confront bullying. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44, 403–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2011.589275
- Graves, K., Frabutt, J., & Vigliano, D. (2007). Teaching conflict resolution skills to middle and high school students through interactive drama and role play. Journal of School Violence, 6, 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J202v06n04_04
- Haynie, D. L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Crump, A. D., Saylor, K., Yu, K., & Simons-Morton, B. (2001). Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of at-risk youth. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 21(1), 29-49.
- Hughes, J., & Wilson, K. (2004). Playing a part: the impact of youth theatre on young people's personal and social development. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 9(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356978042000185911
- Joronen, K., Konu, A., Rankin, H. S., & Åstedt-Kurki, P. (2011). An evaluation of a drama program to enhance social relationships and anti-bullying at elementary school: A controlled study. Health Promotion International, 27, 5–14.
- Kapcı, E. G. (2004). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin zorbalığa maruz kalma türünün ve sıklığının depresyon, kaygı ve benlik saygısıyla ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37, 1–13.
- Kara, H., & Kaçar, M. (2017). Peer bullying and its social importance: Two case reports. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 22(2), 114-118.
- Kartal, H. & Bilgin, A., (2007). An implementation of an anti-bullying program for elementary school students: Bully proofıng your school, Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 3(2):207-227. http://eku.comu.edu.tr/index/3/2/hkartal_abilgin.pdf.
- Kayılı, G., & Erdal, Z. (2021). Children’s problem solving skills: Does drama based storytelling method work? Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 2(1), 43-57.
- MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 202–223.
- Mavroudis, N., & Bournelli, P. (2016). The role of drama in education in counteracting bullying in schools, Cogent Education, 3(1), 233843. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1233843
- Michael , S. , and N. Frederickson .(2013). Improving Pupil Referral Unit Outcomes: Pupil Perspectives. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 18(4), 407-422.
- Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA, 285(16), 2094–2100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
- Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook.Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
- O’Neill, C. (1995). Drama world: A framework for process drama. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann.
- Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell: Oxford.
- Özkan, Y., & Çifci, E. G. (2010). Peer bullying in primary schools in low socio-economic level. Elementary Education Online, 9(2), 576-586.
- Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Brown, M. M. (1988). Early family experience, social problem solving patterns, and children's social competence. Child Development, 59, 107-120.
- Pişkin, M. (2002). Okul zorbalığı: Tanımı, türleri, ilişkili olduğu faktörler ve alınabilecek önlemler. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 2(2), 531-562.
- Prior, L. (2014). Content analysis. In P.Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, pp. 359-379. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sanders, C.E. (2004). What is bullying? In C.E. Sanders, G.D. Phye (Eds.), Bullying: Implications for the classroom, pp. 1-16. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
- Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (1994). School bullying: Insights and perspectives. London: Routledge.
- Smith, P.K., Cowie, H. and Berdondini, L. (1994) Cooperation and bullying. In P.Kutnick and C.Rogers (Eds.), Groups in schools. London: Cassell.
- Strassberg, Z., & Dodge, K. A. (1987, November). Focus of social attention among children varying in peer status. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, MA.
- Tuhiwai Smith, L. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. New York: Zed Books.
- Uludağlı, N., & Uçanok, Z. (2005). Akran zorbalığı gruplarında yalnızlık ve akademik başarı ile sosyometrik statüye göre zorba/kurban davranış türleri. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 20(56), 77–92.
- Unicef. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child .
- Winston, J. (1998). Drama, narrative and moral education. London: Falmer Press.
- Wolke, D., & Lereya, S. T. (2015). Long-term effects of bullying. Archives of disease in childhood, 100(9), 879-885.
Drama to investigate social exclusion from the view-points of children in urban poverty
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 615 - 652, 30.04.2023
Perihan Korkut
,
Kasım Yıldırım
,
Tuğba Hoşgörür
,
Mine Kizir
,
Sergender Sezer
,
Orhan Kahya
,
Mirace Karaca Evren
,
Eda Yeşil
,
Vural Hosgorur
Abstract
The current research employed a participatory drama workshop that toured 4 primary schools and 2 secondary schools in Muğla, Türkiye during the spring semester of the 2021-2022 school year. Targeting year 4 and year 5 students, the workshop was intended to raise awareness of social exclusion among students. The drama workshop was designed according to the theoretical framework and conventions known as creative drama in a way that a topic of interest is explored through playful procedures, role playing and reflection. This paper examines the strategies employed by the students in an enacted social exclusion situation. It was found that judgmental evaluative statements are used the most by the students along with other strategies and that an alarmingly high number of situations were not resolved peacefully. Results are discussed in relation to social information processing theory.
References
- Addae, E.A. (2020). The mediating role of social capital in the relationship between socioeconomic status and adolescent wellbeing: evidence from Ghana. BMC Public Health, 20.
- Akgün, S. (2005). Akran zorbalığının anne-baba tutumları ve anne-baba ergen ilişkisi açısından değerlendirilmesi. Unpublished MA Thesis, Ankara.
- Anderson, M., & O’Connor, P. (2013). Applied theatre as research: Provoking the possibilities. Applied Theatre Research, 1(2), 189-202.
- Arslan S., Savaşer S. (2008). İnsan hakları ve çocuk hakları bağlamında okulda zorbalık. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi,16(61),65–70.
- Asher, S.R., Renshaw, P.D., & Geraci, R.L. (1980). Children’s friendships and social competence. International Journal of Linguistics, 7, 27-39.
- Baer, A., & Glasgow, J. (2008). Take the bullies to task: Using process drama to make a stand. The English Journal, 97, 79–86.
- Barrio, C. D., Martín, E., Montero, I., Gutiérrez, H., Barrios, Á., & de Dios Pérez, M. (2008). Bullying and social exclusion in Spanish secondary schools: National trends from 1999 to 2006. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(3), 657-677.
- Basourakos, J. (1998). Exploring the moral sphere through dramatic art: The role of contemporary Canadian plays in moral pedagogy. Canadian Journal of Education, 23(3). 265-280.
- Belliveau, G. (2004). Pre-service teachers engage in Collective Drama. English Quarterly, 35(3). 1-6.
- Belliveau, G. (2005). An arts-based approach to teach social justice: Drama as a way to address bullying in schools. International Journal of Arts Education, 3, 136–165.
- Belliveau, G. (2007). An alternative practicum model for teaching and learning. Canadian Journal of Education, 30, 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20466625
- Berger, K. S. (2007). Update on bullying at school: Science forgotten? Developmental review, 27(1), 90-126.
- Boal, A. (1995). The rainbow of desire: The Boal method of theatre and therapy. London, England:Routledge.
- Bolton, G. (1998). Acting in classroom drama: A critical analysis. Stoke-on- Trent, UK: Trentham.
- Bouchard, N. (2002). A narrative approach to moral experience using dramatic play and writing. Journal of Moral Education, 31(4). 407-422.
- Burton, B. (2010). Dramatising the hidden hurt: Acting against covert bullying by adolescent girls. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 15, 255–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569781003700151
Burton, B., & O’Toole, J. (2005). Acting against conflict and bullying. The Brisbane Dracon project, 1996–2004—Emergent findings and outcomes. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 10, 269–283.
- Burton, B., & O’Toole, J. (2009). Power in their hands: The outcomes of the acting against bullying research project. Applied Theatre Researcher/IDEA Journal, 10, 1–15.
- Cahill, H. (2006), ‘Research Acts: Using the Drama Workshop as a Site for Conducting Participatory Action Research’, NJ, 30(2), 61-72.
- Çarkıt, E., & Bacanlı, F. (2020). Okullarda akran zorbalığı: Öğretmen görüşlerine göre nitel bir çalışma. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 15(24), 2545-2583.
- Carlson, K.T. (2006). Poverty and youth violence exposure: Experiences in rural communities. Children and Schools, 28, 87-96
- Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological bulletin, 115(1), 74.
- Curtner-Smith, M. E., Culp, A. M., Culp, R., Scheib, C., Owen, K., Tilley, A., Murphy, M., Parkman, L., & Coleman, P. W. (2006). Mothers' parenting and young economically disadvantaged children's relational and overt bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15(2), 177-189.
- Edmiston, B. (2000). Drama as ethical education. Research in Drama Education 5(1). 22-40.
- Gallagher, K. (2011). Theatre as methodology or, what experimentation affords us. In S. Shonmann (Ed.), Key concepts in theatre/drama education pp. 327-331. Rotterdam: Sense.
- Garrity, C., Jens, K., Porter, W., Sager, N. & Short-Camilli, C. (2000). Bully-proofing your elementary school, (2d ed.). Longmont, Colorado: Sopris West.
- Gourd, K., & Gourd, T. (2011). Enacting democracy: Using forum theatre to confront bullying. Equity & Excellence in Education, 44, 403–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2011.589275
- Graves, K., Frabutt, J., & Vigliano, D. (2007). Teaching conflict resolution skills to middle and high school students through interactive drama and role play. Journal of School Violence, 6, 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J202v06n04_04
- Haynie, D. L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Crump, A. D., Saylor, K., Yu, K., & Simons-Morton, B. (2001). Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of at-risk youth. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 21(1), 29-49.
- Hughes, J., & Wilson, K. (2004). Playing a part: the impact of youth theatre on young people's personal and social development. Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, 9(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356978042000185911
- Joronen, K., Konu, A., Rankin, H. S., & Åstedt-Kurki, P. (2011). An evaluation of a drama program to enhance social relationships and anti-bullying at elementary school: A controlled study. Health Promotion International, 27, 5–14.
- Kapcı, E. G. (2004). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin zorbalığa maruz kalma türünün ve sıklığının depresyon, kaygı ve benlik saygısıyla ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37, 1–13.
- Kara, H., & Kaçar, M. (2017). Peer bullying and its social importance: Two case reports. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 22(2), 114-118.
- Kartal, H. & Bilgin, A., (2007). An implementation of an anti-bullying program for elementary school students: Bully proofıng your school, Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama, 3(2):207-227. http://eku.comu.edu.tr/index/3/2/hkartal_abilgin.pdf.
- Kayılı, G., & Erdal, Z. (2021). Children’s problem solving skills: Does drama based storytelling method work? Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 2(1), 43-57.
- MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 202–223.
- Mavroudis, N., & Bournelli, P. (2016). The role of drama in education in counteracting bullying in schools, Cogent Education, 3(1), 233843. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2016.1233843
- Michael , S. , and N. Frederickson .(2013). Improving Pupil Referral Unit Outcomes: Pupil Perspectives. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 18(4), 407-422.
- Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. JAMA, 285(16), 2094–2100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.16.2094
- Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook.Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
- O’Neill, C. (1995). Drama world: A framework for process drama. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann.
- Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Blackwell: Oxford.
- Özkan, Y., & Çifci, E. G. (2010). Peer bullying in primary schools in low socio-economic level. Elementary Education Online, 9(2), 576-586.
- Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Brown, M. M. (1988). Early family experience, social problem solving patterns, and children's social competence. Child Development, 59, 107-120.
- Pişkin, M. (2002). Okul zorbalığı: Tanımı, türleri, ilişkili olduğu faktörler ve alınabilecek önlemler. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 2(2), 531-562.
- Prior, L. (2014). Content analysis. In P.Leavy (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of qualitative research, pp. 359-379. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sanders, C.E. (2004). What is bullying? In C.E. Sanders, G.D. Phye (Eds.), Bullying: Implications for the classroom, pp. 1-16. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
- Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (1994). School bullying: Insights and perspectives. London: Routledge.
- Smith, P.K., Cowie, H. and Berdondini, L. (1994) Cooperation and bullying. In P.Kutnick and C.Rogers (Eds.), Groups in schools. London: Cassell.
- Strassberg, Z., & Dodge, K. A. (1987, November). Focus of social attention among children varying in peer status. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, MA.
- Tuhiwai Smith, L. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. New York: Zed Books.
- Uludağlı, N., & Uçanok, Z. (2005). Akran zorbalığı gruplarında yalnızlık ve akademik başarı ile sosyometrik statüye göre zorba/kurban davranış türleri. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 20(56), 77–92.
- Unicef. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child .
- Winston, J. (1998). Drama, narrative and moral education. London: Falmer Press.
- Wolke, D., & Lereya, S. T. (2015). Long-term effects of bullying. Archives of disease in childhood, 100(9), 879-885.