Öğretmenlerin Anlam, Meslek Sürdürme, Stres ve Tükenmişlik Durumlarının Ruhsal Yaşamları Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2019, , 1383 - 1394, 15.07.2019

Ahmet Göçen

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2479

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Ruhsallık, yönetim çalışmalarında giderek artan bir ilgi ile
karşılanmış ve son yıllarda işyeri ruhsallığı kapsamında yeniden incelenmeye
başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmenlerin hayat anlamını, mesleği
sürdürme isteklerini, stres ve tükenmişlik durumlarını ruhsal yaşam ve
inançları bağlamında incelemektir. İşyeri ruhsallığı çerçevesinde yapılan bu
çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi temelli olup olgubilim desenindedir. Çalışma
grubunun seçiminde uygun örneklem kullanılırken verilerin analizinde içerik ve betimsel
analiz tekniklerine yer verilmiştir. 10 öğretmen ile gerçekleştirilen yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşmeler sonucunda öğretmenlerin ruhsal yaşamının “insani
değerler, insan hakları ve görevsel değerler” temalarında okul hayatlarına
etkilerinin olduğu görülmüştür. İş stresine ve tükenmişliğe karşı öğretmenlerin
ruhsal ve alternatif çözümler geliştirdiği ifade edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin hayatlarını
anlamlandırmada çocuk sahibi olmadan mutluluk duygusuna kadar farklı olguların
rol oynadığı anlaşılmıştır. Katılımcılar genel olarak mesleklerini sürdürmeye
istekli olsalar da hayatlarında en az bir kez meslekten ayrılmayı düşündüklerini
ifade etmiştir. Bu bulgular
genel olarak ele alındığında öğretmenlerin iç yaşamlarının okul hayatlarına
önemli etkilerinin olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

işyeri ruhsallığı, öğretmenlik, stres, tükenmişlik, hayat anlamı

Evaluation of Teachers’ Meaning, Job Continuity, Stress and Burnout Situations in terms of their Spiritual Lives

Abstract

Spirituality has attracted an increasing attention throughout management studies and been studied under spirit at work in recent years. The purpose of study is to examine teachers’ meaning of life, desire to pursue teaching profession, stress and burnout situations in the con-text of their spiritual life and beliefs. This study within workplace spirituality is based on quali-tative research method with a phenomenological design. Convenience sampling was employed in the selection of the study group while content and descriptive analyses were used in the data analysis. As a result of semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers, it was seen that the effects of teachers' spiritual life on school life were gathered within the themes of "human values, human rights and duty values”. Teachers were stated to develop spiritual and alternative solu-tions against job stress and burnout. It is understood that different phenomena like having children, happiness play a role in life meaning of teachers. Although most of the participants seemed willing to pursue their occupation, they thought of leaving the profession at least once in their lives. These findings generally show that teachers’ inner lives have a significant impact on their school life.

Keywords

workplace spirituality, teaching, stress, burnout, life meaning

References

• Ajala, E. M. (2013). The impact of workplace spirituality and employees’ wellbeing at the in-dustrial sector: the Nigerian experience. Journal of the African Educational Research Net-work, 13(2), 1-13.
• Baloğlu, N., & Karadağ, E. (2009). Ruhsal liderlik üzerine teorik bir çözümleme. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 15(58), 165-190.
• Barsh, R. (2015). Exploring the Relationship between Teacher Spirituality and Teacher Self-Efficacy (Order No. 10014508). Available from ProQuest Central; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1767771569). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1767771569?accountid=15958
• Bedel, G., (2009). The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of the Spirituality Scale (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
• Bell, E., & Taylor, S.(2003). The elevation of work: Pastoral power and the new age work ethic. Organization, 10(2), 329-349. doi:10.1177/1350508403010002009
• Calicchia, J. A., & Graham, L. B. (2006). Assessing the relationship between spirituality, life stressors, and social resources: buffers of stress in graduate students. North American jour-nal of psychology, 8(2), p. 307-320
• Cemaloğlu, N., & Şahin, D. E. (2007). Öğretmenlerin mesleki tükenmişlik düzeylerinin farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 15(2), 465-484.
• Chand, P., & Koul, H. (2012). Workplace spirituality, organizational emotional ownership and job satisfaction as moderators in coping with job stress. Decision Making, 9(10).
• Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Chrupała-Pniak, M., & Grabowski, D. (2014). Why may teachers become cynical at work? Predictors of organizational cynicism among polish teachers–research report. Stanisław Juszczyk, 262.
• Cline, P. W. (2015). Organizational Commitment in the K-12 Public School Work Environ-ment: A Workplace Spirituality Perspective (Order No. 3728499). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1746623345). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1746623345?accountid=15958
• Cook, K. L., Jr. (2017). The Impact of Spirituality and Occupational Stress among Middle School Teachers (Order No. 10258984). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1874560832). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1874560832?accountid=15958
• Csiernik, R., & Adams, D. W. (2002). Spirituality, stress and work. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 18(2), 29-37.
• Dağlı, A., & Ardıç, T. (2016). Ortaokullarda görevli öğretmenlerin ruhsal liderliğe ilişkin al-gıları. Electronic Journal of Education Sciences, 3 (5), Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/ejedus/issue/15935/167566
• Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-833. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.008
• East, T. J. (2005). A Grounded Study on How Spirituality in the Workplace Impacts a Person's Job Satisfaction (Order No. 3168180). Available from ProQuest Central; ProQuest Disser-tations & Theses Global. (305364697). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/305364697?accountid=15958
• Fairholm, G. W. (1996). Spiritual leadership: Fulfilling whole-self needs at work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(5), 11-17. doi:10.1108/01437739610127469
• Farber, K. (2015). Why Great Teachers Quit and How We Might Stop the Exodus. New York: Skyhorse Publishing.
• Fox, M. (1994). The Reinvention of Work: A New Vision of Livelihood for Our Time. San Francisco: Harper Collins.
• Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
• Fry, L. W., & Altman, Y. (2013). Spiritual Leadership in Action: The CEL Story Achieving Extraordinary Results through Ordinary People. Charlotte: IAP.
• Giacalone R. A., & Jurkiewicz C. L. (2003) Toward a Science of Workplace Spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone, C. L Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organiza-tional Performance. M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, New York, pp. 3–28
• Gibbel, M. R. (2010). Evaluating a Spiritually Integrated Intervention for Depressed College Students (Order No. 3424543). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (757372637). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/757372637?accountid=15958
• Göçen, A. (2017). Eğitim Kurumlarında Işyeri Ruhsalliğinin Geliştirilmesine Yönelik Deneysel bir Uygulama (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri En-stitütüsü, Gaziantep
• Göçen, A., & Özğan, H. (2017). Workplace spirituality: metaphors and opinions of teach-ers. European Journal of Education Studies. https://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1185
• Heelas, P., Woodhead, L., Seel, B., Tusting, K., & Szerszynski, B. (2005). The Spiritual Revo-lution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Johnson, M. K. (2017). The Influence of Workplace Spirituality on Work Stress in Higher Education Employees (Order No. 10264838). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1886474579). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1886474579?accountid=15958
• Johnson, S.M., Birkeland, S.E.(2003). Pursuing a “sense of success”: New teachers explain their career decisions. American Educational Research Journal, 40(3), 581-617.
• Kaya, A. (2015). The relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors: A research on school principals' behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(3), 597-606.
• Kim, Y., & Seidlitz, L. (2002). Spirituality moderates the effect of stress on emotional and physical adjustment. Personality and Individual differences, 32(8), 1377-1390.
• Klerk-Luttig, J. (2008). Spirituality in the workplace: A reality for South African teachers? South African Journal of Education, 28(4), 505-517. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/saje/v28n4/a04v28n4.pdf
• Kolodinsky, R. W., Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2008). Workplace values and out-comes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 465-480. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9507-0
• Konz, G. N. P., & Ryan, F. X. (1999). Maintaining an organizational spirituality: No easy task. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 200-210. doi:10.1108/09534819910273865
• Kouzes, J. M. ve Posner, B. Z. (1995). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Kurtar, Ş., (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Ölçeği: Türkçe Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalişmasi. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul
• Lips-Wiersma, M., & Mills, C. (2002). Coming out of the closet: Negotiating spiritual expres-sion in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(3), 183-202. doi:10.1108/02683940210423097
• Marshall, J. M. (2009). Describing the elephant: Preservice teachers talk about spiritual reasons for becoming a teacher. Teacher Education Quarterly, 36(2), 25-44. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/222879754?accountid=15958
• Maslow, A. H. (2001). İnsan olmanın psikolojisi. (Çev. O. Gündüz), İstanbul: Kuraldışı Yayın-ları.
• McKinnon, D. (2009). Uncovering and Understanding the Spirituality and Personal Whole-ness of School Educators (Order No. NR54475). Available from ProQuest Central; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (304832727). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/304832727?accountid=15958
• Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan Manage-ment Review, 40(4), 83.
• Oliveira, A. (2004). The place of spirituality in organizational theory. EJBO - Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 9(2), 17-21, https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/25362
• Nasina, M. D., & Doris, K. P.P. (2011) . The workplace spirituality and affective commitment among auditors in big four public accounting firms: Does it matter? Journal of Global Management, 2(1), 216 – 226
• Özğan. H., Bulut, L., Bulut, A. & Bozbayındır, F. (2013). Öğretmenlerin ruhsal liderlik algıları ile motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 70-83
• Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilim sorunsalı üzerine bir çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1).
• Özen, Y., & Gül, A. (2007). Sosyal ve Eğitim bilimleri araştırmalarında evren-örneklem so-runu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (15), 395-422
• Paloutzian, R.F., Emmons, R.A., & Keortge, S.G. (2003) Spiritual well-being, spiritual intelli-gence, and healthy workplace policy. In: R.A. Giacolone and C.L. Jurkiewicz (Eds), Hand-book of workplace spirituality and organizational performance, M.E. Sharpe, New York, pp. 123–137.
• Rego, A., & Cunha, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53-75. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039
• Seyyar, A., & Evkaya, C. (2015). Batıda “İşyeri Maneviyatı” Üzerine Yapılan Bilimsel Çalışmaların Türk Bilim Camiasına Etkileri. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 143-171
• Sexton, N. L. (2013). The Perceived Impact of Spirituality on the Leadership and Careers of Mid-Level Leaders (Order No. 3573686). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1437649344). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1437649344?accountid=15958
• Silvern, S.B. (2006). Educating mind and spirit: Embracing a confluence of cultures in the education of children. Childhood Education, 83(1), 2-5.
• Stanley, A. Q. (2011). Benefits of teacher ‘connections’ in stressful educational settings. Inter-national Journal of Children's Spirituality, 16(1), 47-58.
• St. Peters, T. R. (2010). The religious spirituality of an indiana public school leader and its influence on the school (Order No. 3404461). Available from ProQuest Central; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (516336084). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/516336084?accountid=15958
• Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Walt, F., & Klerk, J. J. (2014). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. International Review of Psychiatry, 26(3), 379-389.
• Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T. G., Hipp, K. M., Scott, A. B., & Kadar, J. L. (1997). Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the scientific study of religion, 549-564.
• Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religious-ness and spirituality: Problems and prospects.Journal of personality, 67(6), 889-919.