Uzaktan Eğitim Kalite Standartlarının Belirlenmesi
Year 2016,
Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 719 - 736, 15.07.2016
Abdullatif Kaban
,
Ebru Kiliç Çakmak
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, detaylı bir alanyazın taraması ve belge incelemesi ile elde edilen veriler temel alınarak uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda Uzaktan Eğitim Kalite Standartlarının belirlenmesi, belirlenen standartların önemine ve kullanılabilirliğine yönelik uzaktan eğitim çalışanlarının görüşlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel yöntemlerle başlayıp nicel yöntemlerle devam edilen keşfedici desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel kısmında, uluslararası uzaktan eğitim kurumlarının belirlediği uzaktan eğitim standartları üzerinde belge incelemesi yapılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonrasında elde edilen 25 boyut ve 337 standart maddesi iki tur uzman görüşü alma aşaması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçta 10 boyut altında toplam 97 standart maddesi Uzaktan Eğitim Kalite Standartları olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın nicel kısmında ise Uzaktan Eğitim Standartları Belirleme Envanteri ile belirlenen standartların önemine ve kullanılabilirliğine ilişkin uzaktan eğitim çalışanlarının görüşleri alınmıştır. Çalışmanın bu aşamasında 4 üniversitenin uzaktan eğitim çalışanlarından oluşan 56 katılımcı görüş bildirmiştir. Katılımcılar bu çalışma kapsamında belirlenen Uzaktan Eğitim Kalite Standartlarını kullanılabilir ve önemli bulmuşlardır.
References
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- Alley, L. R., & Jansak, K. E. (2001). The Ten Keys to Quality Assurance and Assessment in Online Learning. Journal of Interactive Instruction Development, 13(3), 3-18.
- Barker, K. C. (2007). E-learning Quality Standards for Consumer Protection and Consumer Con- fidence: A Canadian Case Study in E-learning Quality Assurance. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 109-119.
- Benson, A. D. (2003). Dimensions of Quality in Online Degree Programs. The American Journal of Distance Education, 17(3), 145-159.
- Bridgland, A., & Goodacre, C. (2005). Benchmarking in Higher Education: a Framework for Benc- hmarking for Quality Improvement Purposes. In Proceedings EDUCAUSE Australasia. Auck- land, New Zealand.
- Brown, R. (2000). The New UK Quality Framework. Higher Education Quarterly, 54(4), 323-342.
- Chao, T., Saj, T., & Tessier, F. (2006). Establishing a Quality Review for Online Courses. EDUCA- USE QUARTERLY, 3, 32-39.
- CHEA. (2001, 8 5). Glossary of Key Terms in Quality Assurance and Accreditation. 4 24, 2013 tarihinde Council for Higher Education Accreditation: http://www.uv.es/alfa-acro/documentos/ documentosinteres/29.htm adresinden alındı
- Chickering , A. W., & Gamson, Z. F. (1987). Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education. AAHE Bulletin, 3-7.
- Chickering, A. W., & Ehrmann, S. C. (1996, October). Implementing the Seven Principles: Techno- logy as Lever. AAHE Bulletin, 3-6.
- Clark, P. M. (2003). Quality in the Digital Age. The Quality Dialogue Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 1-5). Rhodes, Greece: 2003 EDEN Annual Conference.
- Çabuk Anaper, S. N., Uluçay, D. T., & Çabuk, A. (2013). Accreditation of Online And Distance Learning Programs: Online GIS Education Program Experience. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 14(1), 231-244.
- Çolak, C., Kokoç, M., & Karal, H. (2011). Uzaktan Eğitimde Akreditasyon. International Educati- onal Technology Conference IETC, (s. 2071-2079). İstanbul.
- Darcy, S. M. (2009). The Evolution of Standards for Distance Learning in Higher Education: Back to the Future. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 18, xx-xx.
- Deming, W. E. (1982). Out of the Crisis: Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position. Cambrid- ge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
- Ehlers, U. D. (2007). Quality Literacy — Competencies for Quality Development in Education and e-Learning. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 96-108.
- Ehlers, U. D., Goertz, L., Hildebrandt, B., & Pawlowski, J. M. (2005). Quality in e-Learning: Use and Dissemination of Quality Approaches in European e-Learning: A study by the European Qu- ality Observatory. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
- Fountain, S. (2006). An Investigation into Quality Assurance in Internet-Based Education as Defined by Higher Education Organizations. Minnesota: Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Capella University.
- Frydenberg, J. (2002). Quality Standards in eLearning: A Matrix of Analysis. The International Review Of Research In Open And Distance Learning, 3(2).
- Grabowska, A. (2003). Searching for Evaluation Procedures for Web Based Courses – Cases From EU Projects. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 226-231). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- GRCC. (2012). GRCC Distance Learning Standards. 11 10, 2012 tarihinde Grand Rapids Commu- nity College: http://cms.grcc.edu/grccdlstandards adresinden alındı
- Gürol, M., & Sevindik, T. (2004). Uzaktan Eğitimin Teknoloji Boyutu. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı. Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi.
- Herrington, A., Herrington, J., Oliver, R., Stoney, S., & Willis, J. (2001). Quality Guidelines for Online Co- urses: The Development of an Instrument to Audit Online Units. 18th Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (s. 263-270). Melbourne: ECU Publications.
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- IDECC. (2005, 02 25). Distance Education Standards. 12 12, 2012 tarihinde The International Distance Education Certification Center: https://www.idecc.org/content.cfm?page=Downloads adresinden alındı
- IHEP. (2000). Quality On the Line: Benchmarks for Success in Internet-Based Distance Education. Washington, DC: The Institute for Higher Education Policy.
- Jung, I. (2011). The Dimensions of e-Learning Quality: from the Learner’s Perspective. Educatio- nal Technology Research and Development, 59(4), 445-464.
- Juran, J. M., & Godfrey, A. B. (1999). Juran’s Quality Handbook (5th Edition b.). (R. E. Hoogstoel, & E. G. Schilling, Dü) New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Koçdar, S. (2011). Uzman Görüşlerine Göre Türkiye’de Uzaktan Eğitim Programlarının Akreditas- yonu. Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Lee, J., & Dziuban, C. (2002). Using Quality Assurance Strategies for Online Programs. Educatio- nal Technology Review, 10(2), 69-78.
- Lockee, B. B., Burton, J. K., & Potter, K. R. (2010). Examining Standards for Distance Education Systems. New Educational Paradigm for Learning and Instruction (s. 1-10). The 11th Interna- tional Conference on Education Research.
- Marshall, S. (2004). E-learning Standards: Open Enablers of Learning or Compliance Strait Jac- kets? R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Swyer, & R. Phillips (Dü.), Beyond the comfort zone: Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference içinde (s. 596-605). Perth, West Australia: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education.
- McNaught, C. (2001). Quality Assurance for Online Courses: From Policy to Process to Improve- ment? Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2001) (s. 435-442). Melbourne, Australia: In Meeting at the Crossroads.
- NCPSA. (2010, 3 29). Recommended Standards for Distance Education. 12 12, 2012 tarihinde National Council for Private School Accreditation: http://www.ncpsa.org/technology/distan- ce_education_standards adresinden alındı
- Olson, C. A., & Shershneva, M. B. (2004). Setting Quality Standards for Web-Based Continuing Medical Education. The Journaf ofContinuing Educatiotz in the Health Professions, 24, 100-111.
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41,50. http://www.jstor. org/stable/1251430 adresinden alındı
- Pawlowski, J. M., Barker, K. C., & Okamoto, T. (2007). Foreword: Quality Research for Learning, Education, and Training. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 1-2.
- Poumay, M. (2003). Quality Criteria as a Powerful Tool for Training, Awareness Raising and Eva- luation Illustrations through Contrasted Uses. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cul- tures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 179-182). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- Rathsman, I., & Sjölund, M. (2003). The Swedish Net University, Quality Issues. The Quality Dia- logue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 243-245). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- Schulte, M. (2011). The Foundations of Technology Distance Education: A Review of the Literature to 2001. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 59(1), 34-44.
- Scull, W. R., Kendrick, D., Shearer, R., & Offerman, D. (2011). The Landscape of Quality Assuran- ce in Distance Education. Continuing Higher Education Review, 75, 138-149.
- Uysal, Ö. (2011). Meslek Yüksekokullarında Çevrimiçi Derslerin Kalite Standartlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Eskişehir: Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Uysal, Ö., & Kuzu, A. (2011). Çevrimiçi Eğitimde Kalite Standartları: Amerika Örnekleri. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 1(1), 49-74.
- van de Bunt-Kokhuis, S. (2003). e-Learning and the Quality of Knowledge in a Globalised World. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 6-11). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network (EDEN).
- Yang, S. J., Chen, I. Y., Kinshuk, & Chen, N. -S. (2007). Enhancing the Quality of e-Learning in Virtual Learning Communities by Finding Quality Learning Content and Trustworthy Collabo- rators. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 84-95.
- Yeung, D. (2002). Toward an Effective Quality Assurance Model of Web-Based Learning: The Perspective of Academic Staff. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(2).
- Yükseltürk, E., & Bulut, S. (2007). Predictors for Student Success in an Online Course. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 71-83.
Determining Distance Education Quality Standards
Year 2016,
Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 719 - 736, 15.07.2016
Abdullatif Kaban
,
Ebru Kiliç Çakmak
Abstract
In this research, it is aimed to determine the Distance Education Quality Standards based on data obtained from a detailed literature review and document analysis in accordance with the expert opinions and find out distance education professionals’ views about the importance and usability of these standards. In this study, exploratory design was used which start from quantitative methods continues to qualitative methods. In the qualitative part of the study, a document analysis was conducted on distance education standards identified by international distance education institutions. Obtained after the examination 25 dimensions and 337 standard items were evaluated in two rounds by distance education experts. As a result 97 standard items under the 10 dimensions were determined as Distance Education Quality Standards. In the quantitative part of the study, the opinions of distance education professionals regarding the importance and usability of the standards was taken by Inventory of Distance Education Standards. At this stage of the study, 56 participants consisting of distance education employees from four universities reported the views. Participants found the Distance Education Quality Standards set out in this study are very useful and significant.
References
- Aktan, C. C., & Gencel, U. (2007). Yükseköğretimde Akreditasyon. C. C. Aktan içinde, Değişim Çağında Yüksek Öğretim. İzmir: Yaşar Üniversitesi Yayını.
- Alexander, S., & Golja, T. (2007). Using Students’ Experiences to Derive Quality in an e-Learning System: An Institution’s Perspective. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 17-33.
- Alley, L. R., & Jansak, K. E. (2001). The Ten Keys to Quality Assurance and Assessment in Online Learning. Journal of Interactive Instruction Development, 13(3), 3-18.
- Barker, K. C. (2007). E-learning Quality Standards for Consumer Protection and Consumer Con- fidence: A Canadian Case Study in E-learning Quality Assurance. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 109-119.
- Benson, A. D. (2003). Dimensions of Quality in Online Degree Programs. The American Journal of Distance Education, 17(3), 145-159.
- Bridgland, A., & Goodacre, C. (2005). Benchmarking in Higher Education: a Framework for Benc- hmarking for Quality Improvement Purposes. In Proceedings EDUCAUSE Australasia. Auck- land, New Zealand.
- Brown, R. (2000). The New UK Quality Framework. Higher Education Quarterly, 54(4), 323-342.
- Chao, T., Saj, T., & Tessier, F. (2006). Establishing a Quality Review for Online Courses. EDUCA- USE QUARTERLY, 3, 32-39.
- CHEA. (2001, 8 5). Glossary of Key Terms in Quality Assurance and Accreditation. 4 24, 2013 tarihinde Council for Higher Education Accreditation: http://www.uv.es/alfa-acro/documentos/ documentosinteres/29.htm adresinden alındı
- Chickering , A. W., & Gamson, Z. F. (1987). Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education. AAHE Bulletin, 3-7.
- Chickering, A. W., & Ehrmann, S. C. (1996, October). Implementing the Seven Principles: Techno- logy as Lever. AAHE Bulletin, 3-6.
- Clark, P. M. (2003). Quality in the Digital Age. The Quality Dialogue Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 1-5). Rhodes, Greece: 2003 EDEN Annual Conference.
- Çabuk Anaper, S. N., Uluçay, D. T., & Çabuk, A. (2013). Accreditation of Online And Distance Learning Programs: Online GIS Education Program Experience. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 14(1), 231-244.
- Çolak, C., Kokoç, M., & Karal, H. (2011). Uzaktan Eğitimde Akreditasyon. International Educati- onal Technology Conference IETC, (s. 2071-2079). İstanbul.
- Darcy, S. M. (2009). The Evolution of Standards for Distance Learning in Higher Education: Back to the Future. PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, 18, xx-xx.
- Deming, W. E. (1982). Out of the Crisis: Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position. Cambrid- ge, MA: MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
- Ehlers, U. D. (2007). Quality Literacy — Competencies for Quality Development in Education and e-Learning. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 96-108.
- Ehlers, U. D., Goertz, L., Hildebrandt, B., & Pawlowski, J. M. (2005). Quality in e-Learning: Use and Dissemination of Quality Approaches in European e-Learning: A study by the European Qu- ality Observatory. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
- Fountain, S. (2006). An Investigation into Quality Assurance in Internet-Based Education as Defined by Higher Education Organizations. Minnesota: Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Capella University.
- Frydenberg, J. (2002). Quality Standards in eLearning: A Matrix of Analysis. The International Review Of Research In Open And Distance Learning, 3(2).
- Grabowska, A. (2003). Searching for Evaluation Procedures for Web Based Courses – Cases From EU Projects. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 226-231). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- GRCC. (2012). GRCC Distance Learning Standards. 11 10, 2012 tarihinde Grand Rapids Commu- nity College: http://cms.grcc.edu/grccdlstandards adresinden alındı
- Gürol, M., & Sevindik, T. (2004). Uzaktan Eğitimin Teknoloji Boyutu. XIII. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kurultayı. Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi.
- Herrington, A., Herrington, J., Oliver, R., Stoney, S., & Willis, J. (2001). Quality Guidelines for Online Co- urses: The Development of an Instrument to Audit Online Units. 18th Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (s. 263-270). Melbourne: ECU Publications.
- Hopkins, P., Jackson, N., & Webb, R. (2003). Keeping it Up to Scratch Maintaining the Quality of a Large Scale CPD Project in the UK. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexib- le, Distance and eLearning (s. 246-252). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- IDECC. (2005, 02 25). Distance Education Standards. 12 12, 2012 tarihinde The International Distance Education Certification Center: https://www.idecc.org/content.cfm?page=Downloads adresinden alındı
- IHEP. (2000). Quality On the Line: Benchmarks for Success in Internet-Based Distance Education. Washington, DC: The Institute for Higher Education Policy.
- Jung, I. (2011). The Dimensions of e-Learning Quality: from the Learner’s Perspective. Educatio- nal Technology Research and Development, 59(4), 445-464.
- Juran, J. M., & Godfrey, A. B. (1999). Juran’s Quality Handbook (5th Edition b.). (R. E. Hoogstoel, & E. G. Schilling, Dü) New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Koçdar, S. (2011). Uzman Görüşlerine Göre Türkiye’de Uzaktan Eğitim Programlarının Akreditas- yonu. Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
- Lee, J., & Dziuban, C. (2002). Using Quality Assurance Strategies for Online Programs. Educatio- nal Technology Review, 10(2), 69-78.
- Lockee, B. B., Burton, J. K., & Potter, K. R. (2010). Examining Standards for Distance Education Systems. New Educational Paradigm for Learning and Instruction (s. 1-10). The 11th Interna- tional Conference on Education Research.
- Marshall, S. (2004). E-learning Standards: Open Enablers of Learning or Compliance Strait Jac- kets? R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Swyer, & R. Phillips (Dü.), Beyond the comfort zone: Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference içinde (s. 596-605). Perth, West Australia: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education.
- McNaught, C. (2001). Quality Assurance for Online Courses: From Policy to Process to Improve- ment? Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE 2001) (s. 435-442). Melbourne, Australia: In Meeting at the Crossroads.
- NCPSA. (2010, 3 29). Recommended Standards for Distance Education. 12 12, 2012 tarihinde National Council for Private School Accreditation: http://www.ncpsa.org/technology/distan- ce_education_standards adresinden alındı
- Olson, C. A., & Shershneva, M. B. (2004). Setting Quality Standards for Web-Based Continuing Medical Education. The Journaf ofContinuing Educatiotz in the Health Professions, 24, 100-111.
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41,50. http://www.jstor. org/stable/1251430 adresinden alındı
- Pawlowski, J. M., Barker, K. C., & Okamoto, T. (2007). Foreword: Quality Research for Learning, Education, and Training. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 1-2.
- Poumay, M. (2003). Quality Criteria as a Powerful Tool for Training, Awareness Raising and Eva- luation Illustrations through Contrasted Uses. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cul- tures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 179-182). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- Rathsman, I., & Sjölund, M. (2003). The Swedish Net University, Quality Issues. The Quality Dia- logue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 243-245). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network.
- Schulte, M. (2011). The Foundations of Technology Distance Education: A Review of the Literature to 2001. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 59(1), 34-44.
- Scull, W. R., Kendrick, D., Shearer, R., & Offerman, D. (2011). The Landscape of Quality Assuran- ce in Distance Education. Continuing Higher Education Review, 75, 138-149.
- Uysal, Ö. (2011). Meslek Yüksekokullarında Çevrimiçi Derslerin Kalite Standartlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Eskişehir: Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
- Uysal, Ö., & Kuzu, A. (2011). Çevrimiçi Eğitimde Kalite Standartları: Amerika Örnekleri. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 1(1), 49-74.
- van de Bunt-Kokhuis, S. (2003). e-Learning and the Quality of Knowledge in a Globalised World. The Quality Dialogue: Integrating Quality Cultures in Flexible, Distance and eLearning (s. 6-11). Rhodes, Greece: European Distance Education Network (EDEN).
- Yang, S. J., Chen, I. Y., Kinshuk, & Chen, N. -S. (2007). Enhancing the Quality of e-Learning in Virtual Learning Communities by Finding Quality Learning Content and Trustworthy Collabo- rators. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 84-95.
- Yeung, D. (2002). Toward an Effective Quality Assurance Model of Web-Based Learning: The Perspective of Academic Staff. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 5(2).
- Yükseltürk, E., & Bulut, S. (2007). Predictors for Student Success in an Online Course. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 71-83.