An Investigation of the Self-Compassion of University Students in Terms of Attachment Styles and Relationship Status

Year 2019, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 1023 - 1032, 15.05.2019

Nur Başer Baykal , Tuba Kalay Usta Hale Nur Kılıç Memur , Ahmet Şirin

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2524

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The aim of
this study was to reveal the relationship between the self-compassion and attachment
of the university students. It was examined whether the levels of
self-compassion and attachment differ according to the demographic variables.
The research was prepared in a screening model. The study sample group
consisted of 366 university students selected randomly by cluster sampling
method. In this study, Self-Compassion Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships
Inventory and the personal information form prepared by the researcher was
administrated. According to the findings, it was found that there was a significant
negative correlation between students' self-compassion levels and anxious and
avoidant attachment. On the other hand, self-compassion levels of students
differed according to the relationship status.  

Keywords

Self-compassion, Attachment, Experiences in Close Relationships, Anxious Attachment, Avoidant Attachment

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Öz-Anlayışlarının, Bağlanma Stilleri ve İlişki Durumları Bakımından İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul ilindeki çeşitli üniversitelerde
öğrenim gören öğrencilerin öz anlayış düzeyleri ile yakın ilişkilerdeki
bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca çalışmada, öz
anlayış ve bağlanma düzeylerinin çeşitli demografik durumlara göre farklılaşıp
farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde
hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu, tesadüfi oranlı küme örnekleme
yöntemiyle seçilen 366 üniversite öğrencisidir. Araştırmada, Öz Anlayış Ölçeği,
Yakın İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri ve araştırmacının hazırladığı kişisel
bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin öz anlayış
düzeyleri ile kaygılı ve kaçınmalı bağlanma stilleri arasında negatif yönde
anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, ilişki durumuna göre kişilerin öz
anlayış düzeyleri farklılık göstermiştir.

Keywords

öz anlayış, bağlanma, yakın ilişkilerde yaşantılar, kaygılı bağ-lanma, kaçınmalı bağlanma

References

• Akbağ, M., & İmamoğlu, S. E. (2010). The prediction of gender and attachment styles on shame, guilt, and loneliness. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 10, 669-682. Akın, A. (2009). Akılcı Duygusal Davranışçı Terapi (SDDT) odaklı grupla psikolojik danışmanın psikolojik iyi olma ve öz-duyarlık üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış̧ doktora tezi. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(2), 226. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Attachment; John Bowlby. Basic Books. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L. & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self- Report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. J. A. Simpson ve W. S. Rholes, (Ed.), Attachment theory and close relationships içinde (46-76). NY: Guilford Press. Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 3-35. Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 59(2-3), 228-249. Chopik, W. J., Edelstein, R. S., & Fraley, R. C. (2013). From the cradle to the grave: Age differences in attachment from early adulthood to old age. Journal of personality, 81(2), 171-183. Chow, C. M., & Ruhl, H. (2014). Friendship and romantic stressors and depression in emerging adulthood: Mediating and moderating roles of attachment representations. Journal of Adult Development, 21(2), 106-115. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Demirci-Yoraz, A. ve Demir, A. (2009). Cinsiyetin, bağlanma tipinin ve aile yapısının üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık düzeyleri üzerindeki rolü. 10. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiri, Adana. Deniz, M. E., & Sümer, A. S. (2010). Farklı öz-anlayış düzeylerine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresin değerlendirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(158). Deniz, M., Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 36(9), 1151-1160. Deniz, M. E., Hamarta, E., & Arı, R. (2005). An investigation of social skills and loneliness levels of university students with respect to their attachment styles in a sample of Turkish students. Social Behavior and Personality, 33 (1), 19-32. DiTommaso, E., Brannen-McNulty, C., Ross, L., & Burgess, M. (2003). Attachment styles, social skills and loneliness in young adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(2), 303-312. Edelstein, R. S., Alexander, K. W., Shaver, P. R., Schaaf, J. M., Quas, J. A., Lovas, G. S., & Goodman, G. S. (2004). Adult attachment style and parental responsiveness during a stressful event. Attachment & Human Development, 6(1), 31-52. Germer, C. K. (2009). The mindful path to self-compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions. Hove: Routledge. Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2009). Shame, self-criticism, and self-compassion in adolescence. Adolescent emotional development and the emergence of depressive disorders, 195-214. Gillath, O., Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2005). An attachment-theoretical approach to compassion and altruism. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research, and use in psychotherapy. London: Brunner-Routledge. Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2005). Enhancing self-compassion using a Gestalt two-chair intervention (Doctoral dissertation). Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and representations of self and others. Child development, 135-146. Hendrick, S. S., Hendrick, C., & Adler, N. L. (1988). Romantic relationships: Love, satisfaction, and staying together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 980. İlhan, T. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinde yalnızlık: cinsiyet rolleri ve bağlanma stillerinin yalnızlığı yordama güçleri. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(4), 2377-2396. Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(5), 887. Li, T., & Chan, D. K. S. (2012). How anxious and avoidant attachment affect romantic relationship quality differently: A meta‐analytic review. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), 406-419. Mallinckrodt, B., & Chen, E. C. (2004). Attachment and interpersonal impact perceptions of group members: A social relations model analysis of transference. Psychotherapy Research, 14(2), 210-230. Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (1996). The benefits of positive illusions: Idealization and the construction of satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of personality and social psychology, 70(1), 79. Neuman, L. W. (2007). Basics of social research: qualitative and quantitative approach. USA: Pearson Education. Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250. Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102. Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and personality psychology compass, 5(1), 1-12. Neff, K. D., & Beretvas, S. N. (2013). The role of self-compassion in romantic relationships. Self and Identity, 12(1), 78-98. Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263-287. Neff, D., Kirkpatrick, K., & Rude, S. S. (2007), “Self-compassion and its link to adaptive psychological functioning”. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154. Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225–240. Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y. P. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(3), 267-285. Özyeşil, Z. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin öz-anlayış düzeylerinin bilinçli farkındalık kişilik özellikleri ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Raque-Bogdan, T. L., Ericson, S. K., Jackson, J., Martin, H. M., & Bryan, N. A. (2011). Attachment and mental and physical health: self-compassion and mattering as mediators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(2), 272.
 Shaver, P., & Hazan, C. (1987). Being lonely, falling in love. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2(2), 105. Shi, L. (2003). The association between adult attachment styles and conflict resolution in romantic relationships. American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(3), 143-157. Sümer, A. S. (2008). Farklı öz-anlayış (self-compassion) düzeylerine sahip üniversite öğrencilerinde depresyon anksiyete ve stresin değerlendirilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). Sümer, N. (2006). Yetişkin bağlanma ölçeklerinin kategoriler ve boyutlar düzeyinde karşılaştırılması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 21(57), 1-22. Wei, M., Liao, K. Y. H., Ku, T. Y., & Shaffer, P. A. (2011). Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults. Journal of personality, 79(1), 191-221. Zhang, H. (2012). Self-improvement as a response to interpersonal regulation in close relationships: The role of attachment styles. The Journal of social psychology, 152(6), 697-712.