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Ebeveynler Perspektifinden Otizmde Tanı Öncesi Dil, Konuşma ve İletişim Gelişimindeki Farklılıklar

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 161 - 173, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.803568

Abstract

Otizmli bireylerde gözlenebilen otizme özgü davranışlar söz öncesi dönemde ya da tanı öncesinde bazı ön belirtiler ile kendini ortaya koymaktadır. Bakıcı ya da ebeveynlerin bu davranış öncüllerini tanı öncesi fark etmeleri durumunda ise erken tanılama ile erken müdahale süreci başlayabilmekte ve kişi için etkili ve zamanında eğitim alınabilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada otizmli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin tanı öncesi dönemde gözlemiş olabilecekleri normal olmayan dil ve iletişim davranışlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Katılımcı grubunu 3-10 yaş arası otizmli çocukların birincil bakım veren durumundaki 50 (47K, 3E) ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplamak 2 bölüm ve 37 adet sorudan bir anket hazırlanmıştır. Görüşmeler yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler betimsel ve niteliksel analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulguların analizi sonrasında katılımcıların otizm tanısı almış olan çocuklarında 18 aylık olana kadar geçen sürede gözlenen farklılıkların başında göz teması kurmama, ismi söylendiğinde tepki vermeme ve ebeveyne karşı ilgisizlik gibi davranışlar yer almaktadır. Bulgular incelendiğinde bireylerin yaşamış olduğu bu güçlüklerin yaşamın erken dönemlerinden itibaren kendini göstermekte olduğu saptanmıştır. Erken dönemdeki göstergelerin çeşitli gelişim basamaklarının bir yordayıcısı olması sebebiyle ailelerin gözlemleri otizm şüphesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda aileler çocuklarını daha yakından takip etmeli ve ailelerin gelişimsel alanlardaki farklılıkları görebilmeleri adına uzmanlar tarafından daha fazla bilinçlendirilmeleri gerekmektedir.

References

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Speech, Language and Communication Differences before Autism Diagnosis: The Perspectives of

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 161 - 173, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.803568

Abstract

Purpose: Autism-specific behaviors begin with some preliminary symptoms and can be detected during the pre-verbal language
stage or after diagnosis. Early diagnosis and early intervention can begin if caregivers or parents identify these precursors of
behaviors during the pre-diagnostic period, and the person with autism can receive effective and timely training. The goal of
this study was to find out what non-typical language and communication behavior parents or caregivers of children with autism
might have noticed before they were diagnosed.
Design/Methodology/Approach: After applying exclusion criteria, fifty participants (47F, 3M) who are primary carers of 3-10-
year-old children with autism were accepted into the study Data was gathered using a two-part interview form with 37
questions. Face-to-face interviews were held.
Findings: Descriptive and situational analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Following the analysis of the findings,
behaviors such as not making eye contact, not responding when their name is called, and indifference toward their parents
were observed in the children of the participants who were diagnosed with autism till the age of 18 months.
Highlights: When the findings were evaluated, it was discovered that the individuals' issues began at an early age. In terms of
autism suspicion, family observations are crucial; early symptoms are predictors of various developmental stages. Accordingly,
families should follow their children more closely and they should be informed more by experts so that families can notice the
differences in developmental areas.

References

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  • Alak, G. (2014). Otizmli çocuklarda sembolik oyunun dil gelişimi ile ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 15(02), 45-61.
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  • Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., Macari, S., & Volkmar, F. (2009). A prospective study of toddlers with ASD: Short‐term diagnostic and cognitive outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(10), 1235-1245.
  • Clifford, S. M., & Dissanayake, C. (2008). The early development of joint attention in infants with autistic disorder using home video observations and parental interview. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 791-805.
  • Clifford, S., Hudry, K., Elsabbagh, M., Charman, T., & Johnson, M. (2013). Temperament in the first 2 years of life in infants at highrisk for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 673–686.
  • Crais, E. R., Watson, L. R., & Baranek, G. T. (2009). Use of gesture development in profiling children’s prelinguistic communication skills. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18(1), 95.
  • Crais, E., & Ogletree, B. T. (2016). Prelinguistic communication development. In Prelinguistic and minimally verbal communicators on the autism spectrum (pp. 9-32). Springer, Singapore.
  • Crane, L., Chester, J. W., Goddard, L., Henry, L. A., & Hill, E. (2016). Experiences of autism diagnosis: A survey of over 1000 parents in the United Kingdom. Autism, 20(2), 153-162.
  • De Giacomo, A., & Fombonne, E. (1998). Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 7(3), 131–136.
  • Demirkan Baytar, B. (2014). Dil gelişimi sorunlarının ortaya çıkışında bakıcının rolü. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ergin, H., & Yıldız, S. A. (2017). Gelişim psikolojisi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Farroni, T., Massaccesi, S., Pividori, D., & Johnson, M. H. (2004). Gaze following in newborns. Infancy, 5(1), 39-60.
  • Feldman, M. A., Ward, R. A., Savona, D., Regehr, K., Parker, K., Hudson, M., & Holden, J. J. (2012). Development and initial validation of a parent report measure of the behavioral development of infants at risk for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(1), 13-22.
  • Fouache R. Malcor-Gautherın M.(2013). Memoire Présenté Pour L’obtention Du Certificat De Capacite D’orthophoniste, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1 - ISTR – Orthophonie.
  • Genç-Tosun, D., & Kurt, O. (2017). Otizmli bireylerin kullandığı yeni nesil konuşma üreten cihazlara ilişkin araştırmaların incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 18(01), 125-147.
  • Gillberg, C., Ehlers, S., Schaumann, H., Jakobsson, G., Dahlgren, S. O., Lindblom, R., ... & Blidner, E. (1990). Autism under age 3 years: A clinical study of 28 cases referred for autistic symptoms in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31(6), 921-934.
  • Guinchat, V., Chamak, B., Bonniau, B., Bodeau, N., Perisse, D., Cohen, D., & Danion, A. (2012). Very early signs of autism reported by parents include many concerns not specific to autism criteria. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2), 589-601.
  • Kahriman İ, Topbaş M, Çan G (2011). Traditional Baby Care Practices Among Mothers With Children Aged 6-12 Months In The Turkish Province Of Trabzon. TAF Prev Med Bull, 10(1): 61-70.
  • Karacan, E. (2000). Bebeklerde ve çocuklarda dil gelişimi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 3(4), 263-268.
  • Landa R., Garrett-Mayer E. (2006). Development in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a prospective study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47. 629–638.
  • Lazenby, D. C., Sideridis, G. D., Huntington, N., Prante, M., Dale, P. S., Curtin, S., ... & Akshoomoff, N. (2016). Language differences at 12 months in infants who develop autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(3), 899-909.
  • Loh, A., Soman, T., Brian, J., Bryson, S. E., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., ... & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2007). Stereotyped motor behaviors associated with autism in high-risk infants: A pilot videotape analysis of a sibling sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 25-36.
  • Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of two-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36(8), 1365–1382.
  • Luyster, R. J., Kadlec, M. B., Carter, A., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2008). Language assessment and development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(8), 1426-1438.
  • Meltzoff, A. N., & Moore, M. K. (1992). Early imitation within a functional framework: The importance of person identity, movement and development. Infant Behavior and Development, 15(4), 479.
  • Mitchell, S., Brian, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., Smith, I., & Bryson, S. (2006). Early Language and Communication Development of Infants Later Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(Supplement 2), S69–S78.
  • Mundy, P., & Newell, L. (2007). Attention, joint attention, and social cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(5), 269-274.
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özlem Oğuz 0000-0001-7590-0028

Bengisu Çakır 0000-0003-3946-1210

Alperen Şentürk 0000-0002-7444-7281

Publication Date February 28, 2022
Acceptance Date February 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 30 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Oğuz, Ö., Çakır, B., & Şentürk, A. (2022). Speech, Language and Communication Differences before Autism Diagnosis: The Perspectives of. Kastamonu Education Journal, 30(1), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.803568

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