İngilizce’yi Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenenler Arasında Problemli Cep Telefonu Kullanımının Yaygınlığı

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 187 - 195, 28.02.2022

Ömer Özer

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.808548

Abstract

Cep telefonlarının yaşamın hemen hemen her alanındaki atfedilen yararlarına karşın, bu akıllı cihazların sorunlu kullanımlarına ilişkin kaygılar giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, sorunlu cep telefonu kullanımının yaygınlığını İngilizce’yi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Türk üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde incelemektedir. Buna ek olarak, yapılan inceleme sonucunda bulunan sorunlu cep telefonu kullanımının öğrencilerin yaş ve cinsiyetlerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği araştırılmaktadır. Sorunlu cep telefonu kullanımı cep telefonu bağımlılığı ölçeği aracılığıyla ölçülmüştür. Tesadüfi olmayan kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle çalışmaya dahil olan 267 öğrenci ölçek formunu doldurmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları cinsiyet yaş değişkenlerinin cep telefonu bağımlılığı üzerinde anlamlı etkisi olmadığını göstermiştir. Öğrenciler cep telefonu kullanım davranışlarına göre sınıflandırıldığında ise katılımcıların %19.8’inin ya problemli ya da riskli kullanıcı olduğu bulunmuştur. Üstelik sorunlu cep telefonu kullanma davranışlarını gözlenen öğrencilerin çok büyük bir çoğunluğunu kadınların oluşturduğu ve bu kullanıcıların potansiyel cep telefonu bağımlısı olarak değerlendirilebilecekleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları ışığında sınıf ortamı için bazı çıkarımlarda bulunulmuş ve yabancı dil öğrenme çevresinin herkes için kapsayıcı olması için bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Keywords

yabancı dil öğrenme, problemli cep telefonu kullanımı, cep telefonu bağımlılığı, İngilizce’yi yabancı dil olarak öğrenenler, üniversite öğrencileri

The Prevalence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use amongst EFL Learners in Turkey

Abstract

Despite the many benefits attributed to mobile phones in nearly all aspects of everyday life, concern over the problematic use of these smart devices has grown. This study investigates the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use in a sample of Turkish undergraduate EFL learners. Additionally, it verifies whether this particular assessment was equally applicable to male and female students in different age groups. Problematic mobile phone use was assessed using a mobile phone addiction scale. After employing non-random convenience sampling, 267 students responded to the survey. The results showed that neither age nor gender had a significant effect on mobile phone addiction levels. Furthermore, the prevalence of problematic and at-risk mobile phone users constituted 19.8% of the study population and an overwhelming majority of the problematic mobile phone users were females, which indicated that they could potentially be considered as addicted to mobile phones. The implications of these findings for classroom practices and for the more inclusive language-learning environment are discussed.

Keywords

foreign language learning, problematic mobile phone use, mobile phone addiction, EFL learners, post-secondary students

References

• Adıgüzel, O. C., & Özdoğru, F. (2017). Anadili İngilizce olan ve olmayan İngilizce öğretmenlerinin öğrencilerin yabancı dil becerilerine etkileri [Effects of Turkish and English speaking teachers on students’ foreign language skills]. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 25(1), 171-186. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/27737/308320
• Akpur, U. (2017). Predictive and explanatory relationship model between procrastination, motivation, anxiety and academic achievement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 69, 221-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2017.69.12
• American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5™ (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. http://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
• Billieux, J., Maurage, P., López-Fernández, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2, 156-162. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y
• Cakıcı, D. (2016). The correlation among EFL learners’ test anxiety, foreign language anxiety and language achievement. English Language Teaching, 9(8), 190-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n8p190
• Calderwood, C., Ackerman, P. L., & Conklin, E. M. (2014). What else do college students “do” while studying? An investigation of multitasking. Computers & Education, 75, 19-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.02.004
• Chen, C-Y. (2020). Smartphone addiction: Psychological and social factors predict the use and abuse of a social mobile application. Information, Communication & Society, 23(3), 454-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1518469
• Choi, S. W., Kim, D. J., Choi, J. S., Ahn, H., Choi, E. J., Song, W. Y., Kim, S., & Youn, H. (2015). Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and internet addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 308–314. http://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.043
• Chow, S.L., Leung, G.M., Ng, C., & Yu, E. (2009). A screen for identifying maladaptive internet use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7, 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-008-9170-4
• Csibi, S., Griffiths, M.D., Demetrovics, Z., & Szabo, A. (2019). Analysis of problematic smartphone use across different age groups within the ‘Components Model of Addiction’. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00095-0
• De-Sola, J., Talledo, H., Rubio, G., & de Fonseca, F. R. (2017a). Development of a Mobile Phone Addiction Craving Scale and its validation in a Spanish adult population. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 1-9. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00090
• De-Sola, J., Talledo, H., de Fonseca, F. R., & Rubio, G. (2017b). Prevalence of problematic cell phone use in an adult population in Spain as assessed by the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS). PLoS ONE, 12(8), 1-17. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181184
• De-Sola, J., Rubio, G., Talledo, H., Pistoni, L., Van Riesen, H., & Rodríguez de Fonseca, F. (2019). Cell phone use habits among the Spanish population: Contribution of applications to problematic use. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1-13. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00883
• Fischer-Grote, L., Kothgassner, O.D., & Felnhofer, A. (2019). Risk factors for problematic smartphone use in children and adolescents: a review of existing literature. Neuropsychiatr, 33, 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-019-00319-8
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference,18.0 update (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
• Gezgin, D. M., Cakir O., & Yildirim, S. (2018). The relationship between levels of nomophobia prevalence and internet addiction among high school students: The factors influencing Nomophobia. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 4(1), 215-225. https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres/article/view/185
• Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. A. (2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
• Griffiths, M. D. (2005). Online therapy for addictive behaviors. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(6), 555–561. http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.555
• Griffiths, M. D. (2008). Internet and video-game addiction. In C. Essau (Ed.), Adolescent addiction: Epidemiology, assessment and treatment (pp. 231–267). San Diego: Elselvier. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012373625-3.50010-3
• Griffiths, M. D., & Meredith, A. (2009). Videogame addiction and its treatment. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39, 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-009-9118-4
• Griffiths M.D. (2018). Conceptual issues concerning internet addiction and internet gaming disorder: Further critique on Ryding and Kaye (2017). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(1), 233-239. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9818-z
• Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Conceptual issues concerning internet addiction and internet gaming disorder: Further critique on Ryding and Kaye (2017). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16, 233–239. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9818-z
• Kara, M., Baytemir, K., & Inceman-Kara, F. (2019). Duration of daily smartphone usage as an antecedent of nomophobia: Exploring multiple mediation of loneliness and anxiety. Behaviour & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1673485
• Kardefelt-Winther, D., Heeren, A., Schimmenti, A., van Rooij, A., Maurage, P., Carras, M., Edman, J. Blaszczynski, A., Khazaal, Y., & Billieux, J. (2017). How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours? Addiction, 112(10), 1709-1715. http://doi.org/10.1111/add.13763
• Kesen Mutlu, A., Andarab, M. S., & Karacan, C. G. (2019). Self-efficacy and the use of compensatory strategies: a study on EFL learners. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 249-255. http://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.249
• Khoury, J.M., Neves, M.C.L., Roque, M.A.V., Freitas, A.A.C., da Costa, M.R., & Garcia, F.D. (2019). Smartphone and Facebook addictions share common risk and prognostic factors in a sample of undergraduate students. Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 41(4), 358-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0069
• Kim, D.I., Lee, Y.H., Lee, J.Y., Kim, M.C, Keum, C.M, Nam, J. K., & Kang, E. (2012). New patterns in media addiction: Is smartphone a substitute or a complement to the Internet? The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 20(1), 71–88. http://doi.org/10.35151/kyci.2012.20.1.005
• Kim, Y., Jeong, J. E., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Kwak, M., Rho, M. J., Yu, H., Kim, D-J., & Choi, I. Y. (2016). Personality factors predicting smartphone addiction predisposition: Behavioral inhibition and activation systems, impulsivity, and self-control. PLoS One, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159788
• Kuss, D. J., Knjo, E., Crook-Rumsey, M., Kibowski, F., Wang, G. Y., & Sumich, A. (2018). Problematic mobile phone use and addiction across generations: the roles of psychopathological symptoms and smartphone use. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 3, 141-149. http://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-017-0041-3
• Laurence, P. G., Busin, Y., da Cunha Lima, H. S., & Macedo, E. C. (2020). Predictors of problematic smartphone use among university students. Psicologia: Reflexao e Critica, 33(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-020-00147-8
• Marlatt, G. A. (1987). Craving notes. British Journal of Addiction, 82(1), 42–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01434.x
• Nahas, M., Hlais, S., Saberian, C., & Antoun, J. (2018). Problematic smartphone use among Lebanese adults aged 18–65 years using MPPUS-10. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 348-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.009
• Ng, S. F., Azlan, M. A. K., Kamal, A. N. A., & Manionet, A. (2020). A quasi-experiment on using guided mobile learning interventions in ESL classrooms: Time use and academic performance. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10191-7
• Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., Nandavar, S., Newton, J.D.A., Demant, D., & Phillips, J.G. (2019). Problematic use of mobile phones in Australia…Is it getting worse? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1-15. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00105
• Ozer, O., & Kılıç, F. (2018). The effect of mobile-assisted language learning environment on EFL students’ academic achievement, cognitive load and acceptance of mobile learning tools. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(7), 2915-2928. http://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/90992
• Ozer, O., & Ozer, E. (2018). Cep Telefonu Bağımlılığında Aşerme Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of mobile phone addiction craving scale to Turkish: Further evidence of reliability and validity]. Turkish Studies, 13(26), 953-970. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14285
• Ozer, O. (2020). Smartphone addiction and fear of missing out: does smartphone use matter for students’ academic performance? Journal of Computer and Education Research, 8(15), 344-355. http://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.696481
• Panova, T., & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 252-259. http://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.49
• Potenza, M. N. (2014). Non-substance addictive behaviors in the context of DSM-5. Addictive Behaviors, 39(1). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.004
• Sahin-Kızıl, A., & Savran, Z. (2016). Self-regulated learning in the digital age: an EFL perspective. Novitas-ROYAL, 10(2), 147-158. http://www.novitasroyal.org/Vol_10_2/4.Sahin%20&%20Savran.pdf
• Sanal, Y., & Ozer, O. (2017). Smartphone addiction and the use of social media among university students. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 7(2), 367-377. http://doi.org/10.13114/MJH.2017.370
• Savci, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). The development of the Turkish Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS): a validation study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00062-9
• Seemiller, C., & Stover, S. (2017). Curbing digital distractions in the classroom. Contemporary Educational Technology, 8(3), 214-231. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6197
• Skinner, M. D., & Aubin, H-J. (2010). Craving's place in addiction theory: Contributions of the major models. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(4), 606-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024
• Smetaniuk, P. (2014). A preliminary investigation into the prevalence and prediction of problematic cell phone use. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 41–53. http://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.004
• Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 19, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
• Vally, Z., & El Hichami, F. (2019). An examination of problematic mobile phone use in the United Arab Emirates: Prevalence, correlates, and predictors in a college-aged sample of young adults. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100185
• Wilcockson, T. D. W., Osborne, A. M., & Ellis, D. A. (2019). Digital detox: The effect of smartphone abstinence on mood, anxiety, and craving. Addictive Behavior, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.002
• Winskel, H., Kim, T-H., Kardash, L., & Belic, I. (2019). Smartphone use and study behavior: A Korean and Australian comparison. Heliyon, 5(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02158
• Yang, Z., Asbury, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). An exploration of problematic smartphone use among Chinese university students: Associations with academic anxiety, academic procrastination, self-regulation and subjective wellbeing. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17, 596–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9961-1
• Yildiz Durak, H. (2019). Investigation of nomophobia and smartphone addiction predictors among adolescents in Turkey: Demographic variables and academic performance. The Social Science Journal, 56, 492-517. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.09.003