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European Populism and Its Ties with Localism

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 670 - 681, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.644499

Abstract

Localism is the process
of redistribution or assignment of powers or functions concentrated in a
central place or in a central authority. Today, localism is the allocation of
responsibility, planning and implementation of change from the highest
organizational level closer to the problem or area in which the activities are
carried out. An example is the federal and federal fees that are shared with
state and municipal levels of government. In the process of EU membership, many
constituent powers implemented innovations such as alleviation of statism, populism and centralization,
one of the basic values of previous periods, privatization of state-owned
enterprises, and the establishment of a decentralized government style in state
administration, advocating for conservative, nativist and traditional values at
local, surprisingly in a populist style, promising a rapid economic development
across regionalism, and thus maintained a relatively modern and prosperous
level in integration period. In this study, the displacement of the relations
of power over the localism, which is the return of the said integration
processes, will be explained. The European elections of May 2019 were to be
marked by the rise of populism. In order to approach an optimum ratio, the role
of the urban power networks in the new era in social and administrative terms
was discussed

References

  • Ágh, A. (2010). Europeanization and Democratization in ECE: Towards Multi-Level and Multi-Actor Governance. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 3(1), 7-29.
  • Ahedo, M. (2010). Enlightened Localism and Local Experimentalism in Public Policy: Schooling Policies of Children with Immigrant Backgrounds in Denmark and Spain. Comparative Sociology, 9(5), 686-710.
  • Althoff, A. (2018). Right-wing populism and religion in Germany: Conservative Christians and the Alternative for Germany (AfD). Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik, 2(2), 335-363.
  • Anderson, J., & Goodman, J. (1995). Regions, states and the European Union: modernist reaction or postmodern adaptation?. Review of International Political Economy, 2(4), 600-631.
  • Ansell, C. (2000). The networked polity: Regional development in Western Europe. Governance, 13(2), 279-291.
  • Archick, K. (2016). The European Union: current challenges and future prospects.
  • Baltacı, M., & Yilmaz, S. (2006). Keeping an eye on Subnational Governments: Internal control and audit at local levels. World Bank Institute, Washington, DC.
  • Betz, H. G. (1993). The two faces of radical right-wing populism in Western Europe. The Review of Politics, 55(4), 663-686.
  • Betz, H. G. (1994). The Two Faces of Radical Right-Wing Populism. In Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe (pp. 107-139). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Boswell, C. (2003). The ‘external dimension’of EU immigration and asylum policy. International affairs, 79(3), 619-638.
  • Bressand, A. (2011). Between Kant and Machiavelli: EU foreign policy priorities in the 2010s. International Affairs, 87(1), 59-85.
  • Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: the European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191-1226.
  • Cao, Z., & Luo, B. (2013). Political risk of centralization and the vertical separation of powers: reform of contemporary social management system from a historical perspective. South China Journal of Economics, 2, 1-11.
  • Deutsche Welle Newspaper (2018) Avrupa sağ popülizminin haritası, Access date: April 10th 2018, Access from: https://www.dw.com/tr/avrupa-sa%C4%9F-pop%C3%BClizminin-haritas%C4%B1/a-43319950
  • Eggener, K. L. (2002). Placing resistance: A critique of critical regionalism. Journal of Architectural Education, 55(4), 228-237.
  • Farole, T., Rodríguez‐Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2011). Cohesion policy in the European Union: growth, geography, institutions. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(5), 1089-1111.
  • Filc, D. (2015). Latin American inclusive and European exclusionary populism: colonialism as an explanation. Journal of Political Ideologies, 20(3), 263-283.Fiske, E. B. (1996). Decentralization of education: Politics and consensus. The World Bank.
  • Gal, D., & Brie, M. (2011). CoR's White Paper on Multilevel Governance–Advantages and Disadvantages. Ioan Horga, Iordan Bărbulescu, Adrian Ivan, Mykolia Palinchak, Istvan Suli-Zakar, Regional and Cohesion Polity, Insights into the Role of the Partnership Principle in the New Policy Design, Debrecen/Oradea, 284-289.
  • Geddes, A., & Scholten, P. (2016). The politics of migration and immigration in Europe. Sage.
  • Gerwarth, R., & Horne, J. (2011). Vectors of violence: paramilitarism in Europe after the Great War, 1917–1923. The journal of modern history, 83(3), 489-512.
  • Ghemawat, P. (2005). Regional strategies for global leadership. Harvard business review, 83(12), 98.
  • Griggs, S., & Howarth, D. (2008). Populism, localism and environmental politics: The logic and rhetoric of the Stop Stansted Expansion campaign. Planning Theory, 7(2), 123-144.Hall, B. (2000). Immigration in the European Union: problem or solution?. The OECD Observer, 221, 72.
  • Hansen, N. (2017). The new regionalism and European economic integration. In Regional Development (pp. 57-82). Routledge.
  • Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2001). Types of multi-level governance. European integration online papers (EIoP), 5(11).
  • Karagiorgos, A., Drogalas, G., Lazos, G., & Fotiadou, I. (2019). Tax Policy, Tax Disharmony And Tax Competition: The Situation Of Greek Economy. Journal Of Governance And Regulation/Volume, 8(2).
  • Kaya, A. (2010). Migration debates in Europe: migrants as anti-citizens. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 10(1), 79-91.
  • Kaya, A., Robert, M. V., & Tecmen, A. (2019). Populism in Turkey and France: nativism, multiculturalism and Euroskepticism. Turkish Studies, 1-31.
  • Kedikli, U., & Akça, M. (2018). Rising Islamophobic discourses in Europe and fight against Islamophobia on the basis of international organizations. Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 9(1), 9-23.
  • Keeble, D., Owens, P. L., & Thompson, C. (1982). Regional accessibility and economic potential in the European Community. Regional Studies, 16(6), 419-432.
  • Malloy, T. H. (2019). Non-Territorial Autonomy: Traditional and Alternative Practices. In Effective Participation of National Minorities and Conflict Prevention (pp. 105-122). Brill Nijhoff.
  • McNeely, J. A. (2011). Xenophobia or conservation: some human dimensions of invasive alien species. Invasive and Introduced Plants and Animals: Human Perceptions, Attitudes and Approaches to Management’.(Eds ID Rotherham and RA Lambert.) pp, 19-36.
  • Medhi, D., & Tipper, D. (2000, January). Multi-layered network survivability-models, analysis, architecture, framework and implementation: An overview. In Proceedings DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition. DISCEX'00 (Vol. 1, pp. 173-186). IEEE.
  • Meer, N., & Noorani, T. (2008). A sociological comparison of anti-Semitism and anti-Muslim sentiment in Britain. The Sociological Review, 56(2), 195-219.
  • Mewes, K. (2011). Decentralization Concept. In Decentralization on the Example of the Yemeni Water Sector (pp. 29-52). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Mikheev, D. S. (2014). Legal analysis of the European charter of the local self-government in the light of the principle of publicity. Life science journal, 11(6), 620.
  • Nicola, F. (2011). The False Promise of Decentralization in EU Cohesion Policy. Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L., 20, 65.
  • Raeff, M. (1975). The well-ordered police state and the development of modernity in seventeenth-and eighteenth-century Europe: an attempt at a comparative approach. The American Historical Review, 80(5), 1221-1243.
  • Reif, K., Schmitt, H., & Norris, P. (1997). Second‐order elections. European Journal of Political Research, 31(1‐2), 109-124.
  • Rottinghaus, B., Manatt, C., & Manatt, K. (2003). Incarceration and enfranchisement: International practices, impact and recommendations for reform. International Foundation for Election Systems, 27.
  • Rugge, F. (2003). Administrative Traditions in Western Europe. Handbook of public administration, 177-191.
  • Ruzza, C. (2019). Populism, EU Institutions and Civil Society. In Highs and Lows of European Integration (pp. 121-142). Springer, Cham.
  • Rydgren, J. (2005). Is extreme right‐wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family. European journal of political research, 44(3), 413-437.
  • Schmidt, G. D. (1995). Bridging the donor-decentralization gap: rethinking incentives and institutional impacts in control-oriented bureaucracies. Studies in Comparative International Development, 30(1), 59-83.
  • Sewell, J. P. (2015). Functionalism and world politics: A study based on United Nations programs financing economic development. Princeton University Press.
  • Smith, A. (2013). Nations and nationalism in a global era. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Stavrakakis, Y., & Katsambekis, G. (2014). Left-wing populism in the European periphery: the case of SYRIZA. Journal of political ideologies, 19(2), 119-142.
  • Taggart, P. (2004). Populism and representative politics in contemporary Europe. Journal of political ideologies, 9(3), 269-288.
  • Telò, M. (Ed.). (2013). European Union and new regionalism: regional actors and global governance in a post-hegemonic era. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Victoria, A. G. (2019). The Catalan Independence Movement in the Political and Constitutional Debate in the European Union. In Claims for Secession and Federalism (pp. 575-588). Springer, Cham.
  • Von Laue, T. H. (1954). The Fate of Capitalism in Russia: The Narodnik Version. American Slavic and East European Review, 13(1), 11-28.
  • Wendt, A. (1994). Collective identity formation and the international state. American political science review, 88(2), 384-396.
  • Williams, A., Goodwin, M., & Cloke, P. (2014). Neoliberalism, Big Society, and progressive localism. Environment and Planning A, 46(12), 2798-2815.
  • Wollmann, H. (2004). Local government reforms in Great Britain, Sweden, Germany and France: between multi-function and single-purpose organisations. Local Government Studies, 30(4), 639-665.
  • Wright, T., & Carter, M. (1997). The people's party: the history of the Labour Party. Thames and Hudson.
  • ZEIT Newspaper (2019) The New Colors of Europe, Access date: July 2th 2019, Access from: https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-07/european-election-municipalities-eu-states-results-analysis-map

Avrupa Popülizmi Ve Yerelcilikle Olan Bağlari

Year 2019, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 670 - 681, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.644499

Abstract

Yerelcilik,
merkezi bir yerde veya merkezi bir otoritede yoğunlaşmış güçlerin veya
işlevlerin yeniden dağıtılması veya atanması sürecidir. Günümüzde yerelcilik, idari
faaliyetlerin yürütüldüğü sorun veya bölgeye en yakın örgütsel seviyeden hareketle
sorumluluk dağılımı, planlanması ve uygulanmasıdır. Batıda, eyalet ve belediye
düzeyindeki hükümetlerle paylaşılan federal ve federal ücretler bunun ilk
örneği olmuştur. AB üyeliği sürecinde, pek çok kurucu yetki, devletçiliğin azaltılması nezdinde
popülizm ve merkezileşmenin azalmasıyla, önceki dönemlerin de temel
değerlerinden biri olan devlete ait işletmelerin özelleştirilmesi ve devlet
idaresinde merkezi olmayan bir hükümet tarzının kurulması gibi yenilikler ile
uygulanmıştı. Şimdilerde ise AB’de yerel siyasette, şaşırtıcı bir biçimde popülist
tarzda muhafazakar, yerelci ve geleneksel değerlerin savunuculuğunu savunma
eğilimi artmış; bölgeselcilikte hızlı bir ekonomik gelişmenin peşine düşmek ve
böylece entegrasyon döneminden geri durup nispeten modern ve müreffeh bir
seviyede kalma stratejileri yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, AB’de entegrasyon
süreçlerine zıtlık arz eden ve iktidar ilişkilerinin yerelcilik üzerinde yer
değiştirmesi olarak ortaya çıkan bu yeni tutum ve kökenleri araştırılmıştır.
Mayıs 2019’da yapılan Avrupa seçimleri popülizmin yükselişiyle göze çarpmaktadır.
Siyaseten temsilde optimum orana yaklaşmak için, sosyal ve idari açıdan atılan
adımların rolü de burada tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Ágh, A. (2010). Europeanization and Democratization in ECE: Towards Multi-Level and Multi-Actor Governance. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 3(1), 7-29.
  • Ahedo, M. (2010). Enlightened Localism and Local Experimentalism in Public Policy: Schooling Policies of Children with Immigrant Backgrounds in Denmark and Spain. Comparative Sociology, 9(5), 686-710.
  • Althoff, A. (2018). Right-wing populism and religion in Germany: Conservative Christians and the Alternative for Germany (AfD). Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik, 2(2), 335-363.
  • Anderson, J., & Goodman, J. (1995). Regions, states and the European Union: modernist reaction or postmodern adaptation?. Review of International Political Economy, 2(4), 600-631.
  • Ansell, C. (2000). The networked polity: Regional development in Western Europe. Governance, 13(2), 279-291.
  • Archick, K. (2016). The European Union: current challenges and future prospects.
  • Baltacı, M., & Yilmaz, S. (2006). Keeping an eye on Subnational Governments: Internal control and audit at local levels. World Bank Institute, Washington, DC.
  • Betz, H. G. (1993). The two faces of radical right-wing populism in Western Europe. The Review of Politics, 55(4), 663-686.
  • Betz, H. G. (1994). The Two Faces of Radical Right-Wing Populism. In Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe (pp. 107-139). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Boswell, C. (2003). The ‘external dimension’of EU immigration and asylum policy. International affairs, 79(3), 619-638.
  • Bressand, A. (2011). Between Kant and Machiavelli: EU foreign policy priorities in the 2010s. International Affairs, 87(1), 59-85.
  • Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: the European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191-1226.
  • Cao, Z., & Luo, B. (2013). Political risk of centralization and the vertical separation of powers: reform of contemporary social management system from a historical perspective. South China Journal of Economics, 2, 1-11.
  • Deutsche Welle Newspaper (2018) Avrupa sağ popülizminin haritası, Access date: April 10th 2018, Access from: https://www.dw.com/tr/avrupa-sa%C4%9F-pop%C3%BClizminin-haritas%C4%B1/a-43319950
  • Eggener, K. L. (2002). Placing resistance: A critique of critical regionalism. Journal of Architectural Education, 55(4), 228-237.
  • Farole, T., Rodríguez‐Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2011). Cohesion policy in the European Union: growth, geography, institutions. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(5), 1089-1111.
  • Filc, D. (2015). Latin American inclusive and European exclusionary populism: colonialism as an explanation. Journal of Political Ideologies, 20(3), 263-283.Fiske, E. B. (1996). Decentralization of education: Politics and consensus. The World Bank.
  • Gal, D., & Brie, M. (2011). CoR's White Paper on Multilevel Governance–Advantages and Disadvantages. Ioan Horga, Iordan Bărbulescu, Adrian Ivan, Mykolia Palinchak, Istvan Suli-Zakar, Regional and Cohesion Polity, Insights into the Role of the Partnership Principle in the New Policy Design, Debrecen/Oradea, 284-289.
  • Geddes, A., & Scholten, P. (2016). The politics of migration and immigration in Europe. Sage.
  • Gerwarth, R., & Horne, J. (2011). Vectors of violence: paramilitarism in Europe after the Great War, 1917–1923. The journal of modern history, 83(3), 489-512.
  • Ghemawat, P. (2005). Regional strategies for global leadership. Harvard business review, 83(12), 98.
  • Griggs, S., & Howarth, D. (2008). Populism, localism and environmental politics: The logic and rhetoric of the Stop Stansted Expansion campaign. Planning Theory, 7(2), 123-144.Hall, B. (2000). Immigration in the European Union: problem or solution?. The OECD Observer, 221, 72.
  • Hansen, N. (2017). The new regionalism and European economic integration. In Regional Development (pp. 57-82). Routledge.
  • Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2001). Types of multi-level governance. European integration online papers (EIoP), 5(11).
  • Karagiorgos, A., Drogalas, G., Lazos, G., & Fotiadou, I. (2019). Tax Policy, Tax Disharmony And Tax Competition: The Situation Of Greek Economy. Journal Of Governance And Regulation/Volume, 8(2).
  • Kaya, A. (2010). Migration debates in Europe: migrants as anti-citizens. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 10(1), 79-91.
  • Kaya, A., Robert, M. V., & Tecmen, A. (2019). Populism in Turkey and France: nativism, multiculturalism and Euroskepticism. Turkish Studies, 1-31.
  • Kedikli, U., & Akça, M. (2018). Rising Islamophobic discourses in Europe and fight against Islamophobia on the basis of international organizations. Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 9(1), 9-23.
  • Keeble, D., Owens, P. L., & Thompson, C. (1982). Regional accessibility and economic potential in the European Community. Regional Studies, 16(6), 419-432.
  • Malloy, T. H. (2019). Non-Territorial Autonomy: Traditional and Alternative Practices. In Effective Participation of National Minorities and Conflict Prevention (pp. 105-122). Brill Nijhoff.
  • McNeely, J. A. (2011). Xenophobia or conservation: some human dimensions of invasive alien species. Invasive and Introduced Plants and Animals: Human Perceptions, Attitudes and Approaches to Management’.(Eds ID Rotherham and RA Lambert.) pp, 19-36.
  • Medhi, D., & Tipper, D. (2000, January). Multi-layered network survivability-models, analysis, architecture, framework and implementation: An overview. In Proceedings DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition. DISCEX'00 (Vol. 1, pp. 173-186). IEEE.
  • Meer, N., & Noorani, T. (2008). A sociological comparison of anti-Semitism and anti-Muslim sentiment in Britain. The Sociological Review, 56(2), 195-219.
  • Mewes, K. (2011). Decentralization Concept. In Decentralization on the Example of the Yemeni Water Sector (pp. 29-52). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Mikheev, D. S. (2014). Legal analysis of the European charter of the local self-government in the light of the principle of publicity. Life science journal, 11(6), 620.
  • Nicola, F. (2011). The False Promise of Decentralization in EU Cohesion Policy. Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L., 20, 65.
  • Raeff, M. (1975). The well-ordered police state and the development of modernity in seventeenth-and eighteenth-century Europe: an attempt at a comparative approach. The American Historical Review, 80(5), 1221-1243.
  • Reif, K., Schmitt, H., & Norris, P. (1997). Second‐order elections. European Journal of Political Research, 31(1‐2), 109-124.
  • Rottinghaus, B., Manatt, C., & Manatt, K. (2003). Incarceration and enfranchisement: International practices, impact and recommendations for reform. International Foundation for Election Systems, 27.
  • Rugge, F. (2003). Administrative Traditions in Western Europe. Handbook of public administration, 177-191.
  • Ruzza, C. (2019). Populism, EU Institutions and Civil Society. In Highs and Lows of European Integration (pp. 121-142). Springer, Cham.
  • Rydgren, J. (2005). Is extreme right‐wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family. European journal of political research, 44(3), 413-437.
  • Schmidt, G. D. (1995). Bridging the donor-decentralization gap: rethinking incentives and institutional impacts in control-oriented bureaucracies. Studies in Comparative International Development, 30(1), 59-83.
  • Sewell, J. P. (2015). Functionalism and world politics: A study based on United Nations programs financing economic development. Princeton University Press.
  • Smith, A. (2013). Nations and nationalism in a global era. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Stavrakakis, Y., & Katsambekis, G. (2014). Left-wing populism in the European periphery: the case of SYRIZA. Journal of political ideologies, 19(2), 119-142.
  • Taggart, P. (2004). Populism and representative politics in contemporary Europe. Journal of political ideologies, 9(3), 269-288.
  • Telò, M. (Ed.). (2013). European Union and new regionalism: regional actors and global governance in a post-hegemonic era. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Victoria, A. G. (2019). The Catalan Independence Movement in the Political and Constitutional Debate in the European Union. In Claims for Secession and Federalism (pp. 575-588). Springer, Cham.
  • Von Laue, T. H. (1954). The Fate of Capitalism in Russia: The Narodnik Version. American Slavic and East European Review, 13(1), 11-28.
  • Wendt, A. (1994). Collective identity formation and the international state. American political science review, 88(2), 384-396.
  • Williams, A., Goodwin, M., & Cloke, P. (2014). Neoliberalism, Big Society, and progressive localism. Environment and Planning A, 46(12), 2798-2815.
  • Wollmann, H. (2004). Local government reforms in Great Britain, Sweden, Germany and France: between multi-function and single-purpose organisations. Local Government Studies, 30(4), 639-665.
  • Wright, T., & Carter, M. (1997). The people's party: the history of the Labour Party. Thames and Hudson.
  • ZEIT Newspaper (2019) The New Colors of Europe, Access date: July 2th 2019, Access from: https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-07/european-election-municipalities-eu-states-results-analysis-map
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Soner Akın 0000-0002-2403-8041

Yakup Bulut 0000-0002-0838-4200

Publication Date December 15, 2019
Submission Date November 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 12 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Akın, S., & Bulut, Y. (2019). European Populism and Its Ties with Localism. Kent Akademisi, 12(4), 670-681. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.644499

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