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Yeniden Ölçeklenen Kent-Bölge Etki Alanında Yeni Bir Kentsel Oluşum: Aracı Kentler

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1439 - 1454, 26.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1128316

Abstract

1980 sonrasında bir yandan ekonomik bağlamda ulusal sınırlar çözülürken diğer yandan ulus devlet sınırlarında küreselleşmenin gereklerini karşılayabilen kentlerin önemi artar. Küresel kentler bu süreçte etki alanlarını genişleterek çevre kentlerle bağlantılarını güçlendirir. Böylelikle kent-bölgeler oluşur ve mekân yeniden ölçeklenir. Bu oluşumda ise ulus devletin önemli bir rolü vardır. Kent-bölgelere yönelik oluşturulan politikalar ve geliştirilen müdahaleler, çevrelerinde yer alan diğer kentlerin toplumsal, demografik ve ekonomik dönüşümünü etkilemenin yanı sıra yeni bir mekânsal iş bölümü yaratır ve bu sayede kentlerin işlevleri farklılaşır. Yeni bir kavram olan aracı kentler ise metropol kentler arasında veya ağında, kır-kent etkileşimi, yüksek yaşam kalitesi, düşük nüfus yoğunluğu ve yerel ve küresel bağlarıyla yeni bir kentsel oluşumu simgeler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, aracı kentleri literatürde daha önce ele alınmayan bir perspektif olan mekânının yeniden ölçeklenmesini simgeleyen kent-bölge etkisi içinde analiz etmek ve bu etki ile kentlerin yeni statüler ve ölçekler kazanabildiklerini açıklamaktır. Çalışma, kent-bölgede meydana gelen eşitsiz gelişimi azaltmak için kent-bölge içinde aracı kentlerin biçimlendiğini savunmaktadır.

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Marmara Belediyeler Birliği

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References

  • Azahan, A., Jamaluddin, M. J., Lukman, Z. M., Kadaruddin, A. & Kadir, A. (2009). The quality of life in Malaysia’s intermediate city: Urban dwellers perspective. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 161-167.
  • Bahers, J.-B., Barles, S. & Durand, M. (2018). Urban metabolism of intermediate cities: The material flow analysis, hinterlands and the logistics-hub function of Rennes and Le Mans (France). Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(3), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12778
  • Bayırbağ, M.K. (2006). Ölçek yaklaşımının kent ve bölgelerin yükselişinin açıklanmasındaki katkıları üzerine. Praksis, 15, 49-70.
  • Bellet Sanfeliu, C. & Llop Torné, J.M. (2004). Miradas a otros espacios urbanos: Las ciudades intermedias (Looking at other urban spaces: Intermediate cities). Revista Electrónica De Geografía Y Cıencias Sociales, 165(8), 1-28. Erişim adresi: http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/41650
  • Bermejo-Martín, G. & Rodríguez-Monroy, C. (2019). Sustainability and water sensitive cities: Analysis for intermediary cities in Andalusia. Sustainability, 11(17), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174677
  • Bolay, J.C. (2020). Urban planning against poverty. Berlin: Springer.
  • Bolay, J.C. (2016). Prosperity and social inequalities: Montes Claros, how to plan an intermediary city in Brazil. Current Urban Studies, 4, 175-194. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2016.42013
  • Bolay, J.-C. & Rabinovich, A. (2004). Intermediate cities in Latin America risk and opportunities of coherent urban development. Cities, 21(5), 407–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.07.007
  • Bolay, J-C. & Kern, A.-L. (2019). Intermediate cities. In A. Orum (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (pp. 1-5). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Brenner, N. (1998). Global cities, glocal states: Global city formation and state territorial restructuring in contemporary Europe. Review of International Political Economy, 5(1), 1-37. Erişim adresi: www.jstor.org/stable/4177255
  • Brenner, N. (2004). New state spaces, urban governance and rescaling statehood. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Brenner, N. (2014). Eleştirel kent teorisi nedir? N. Brenner, P. Marcuse ve M. Mayer (Eds.), Kâr İçin Değil Halk İçin (Çev. Ali Yağız Şen) (ss. 29-46) içinde. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Brenner, N. (2019). New urban spaces: Urban theory and the scale question. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brenner, N. & Schmid, C. (2014). The ‘urban age’ in question. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(3), 731-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12115
  • Castells, M. (2010). The information age economy, society, and culture: The Rise of the network society (Vol I). United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Castells, M. (2017). Kent, sınıf, iktidar (Çev. Asuman Türkün). Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Duman, B. & Coşkun, İ. (2016). Politik süreç teorisi çerçevesinde Tozkoparan’da kentsel dönüşüm projesine karşı kolektif bir eylemin olabilirliği. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 36(2), 575-616. https://doi.org/10.16917/iusosyoloji.291228
  • Eraydın, A. (2001). Küreselleşme-yerelleşme ve işlevleri farklılaşan kentler. Prof. Dr. Cevat Geray’a Armağan (ss. 363-392) içinde. Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Yayınları.
  • Eraydın, A. (2012). Girişimci devlet, otoriterleşen populizm: Neoliberalizmin yeni evresinde devletin yeni davranış kalıpları. KBAM 3. Kentsel ve Bölgesel Araştırmalar Sempozyumu, ‘Kent Bölgeler, Metropoliten Alanlar ve Büyükşehirler: Değişen Dinamikler ve Sorunlar’ Bildiri Kitabı (ss. 13-33). Ankara: Meta Basımevi.
  • Giddens, A. (1999). Toplumun kuruluşu (Çev. Hüseyin Özel). İstanbul: Bilim Sanat Yayınları.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). From manageralism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler, 71(1), 3-17. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/490503
  • Harvey, D. (2009). Sosyal adalet ve şehir (Çev. Mehmet Moralı). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Hodson, M., McMeekin, A., Froud, J. & Moran, M. (2020). State-rescaling and Re-designing the material city-region: Tensions of disruption and continuity in articulating the future of Greater Manchester. Urban Studies, 57(1), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018820181
  • Jessop, B. (2002). The future of the capitalist state. London: Polity Press.
  • Jessop, B. (2005). Hegemonya, post-fordizm ve küreselleşme ekseninde kapitalist devlet (Çev. Alev Özkazanç ve Betül Yarar). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2004). Ulusal kalkınmacılığın iflası. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Klaufus, C. (2010). Watching the city grow: Remittances and sprawl in intermediate Central American cities. Environment & Urbanization, 22(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247809359646
  • Lefebvre, H. (2013). Kentsel devrim (Çev. Selim Sezer). İstanbul: Sel Yayınları.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2018). Şehir hakkı (Çev. Işık Ergüden). İstanbul: Sel Yayınları.
  • Ohmae, K. (1990). Borderless world: Power and strategy in the interlinked economy. New York: Perennial Publishing.
  • Pahl, R.E. (1975). Whose city? Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • Roberts, B. H. (2016). Rural urbanization and the development of small and intermediate towns. Regional Development Dialogue, 35, 1-23.
  • Roberts, B.H., Iglésias, B.M. & Llop, J.M. (2016). Intermediary cities: The nexus between the local and the global. In E. Bilsky, A. Ciambra, M. Guerin, & L. Terren (Eds.), Co-Creating the urban future: The agenda of metropolis, cities and territories (pp. 133-220). Publisher: United Cites and Local Governments (UCLG).
  • Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2008). The rise of the “city-region” concept and its development policy implications. European Planning Studies, 16(8), 1025–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310802315567
  • Romanos, M. & Auffrey, C. (2002). Assessing the potential for sustainable development in the intermediate size cities of Southeast Asia: The experience from Thailand. In M. Romanos ve C. Auffrey (Eds.), Managing intermediate size cities (pp.1-19). New York: Springer Publishing.
  • Rondinelli, D. A. (1982). Intermediate cities in developing countries: A comparative analysis of their demographic, social and economic characteristic. Third World Planning Review, 4(4), 357-386. https://doi.org/10.3828/twpr.4.4.8m60j6044453h17x
  • Sassen, S. (1991). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Sassen, S. (2005). The global city: Introducing a concept. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 11(2), 27-43. Erişim adresi: https://bjwa.brown.edu/11-2/the-global-city-introducing-a-concept/
  • Scott, A. (2019). City-regions reconsidered. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(3), 554-580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19831591
  • Shen, J. (2008). Spatial strategies of urban development: Rescaling and territorialization in post reform China. The Open Urban Studies Journal, 1, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900801010011
  • Smith, N. (1979). Toward a theory of gentrification a back to the city movement by capital, not people. Journal of the American Planning Association, 45(4), 538-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367908977002
  • Smith, N. (2017). Eşitsiz gelişim (Çev. Esin Soğancılar). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Soja, E. (2000). Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and regions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Soja, E. (2017). Postmodern coğrafyalar (Çev. Yunus Çetin). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Globalisation or ‘glocalisation’? Networks, territories and rescaling. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 17(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/0955757042000203632
  • Şentürk, M. (2011). Kentsel müdahaleler açısından İstanbul (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2010). Gündelik yaşam, yaşam kalitesi ve yerellik yazıları. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Trapero, E. Solís., Sanz, I. Mohíno. & Francés, José María de Ureña. (2015). Global metropolitan-regional scale in evolution: Metropolitan intermediary cities and metropolitan cities. European Planning Studies, 23(3), 568-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.878691

A New Urban Formation in the Rescaled City-Region Impact: Intermediary Cities

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1439 - 1454, 26.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1128316

Abstract

After 1980, national borders were dissolved in the economy and the importance of cities, which could serve global requirements within the boundaries of the nation-state, increased. Global cities expand their spheres of influence in this process and strengthen their connections with the periphery. Thus, city regions are formed, and space is rescaled. The nation-state has an important role in this formation. Policies and interventions in the city regions affect the social, demographic, and economic transformation of other cities around them, create a new spatial division of labor and the functions of cities become different. Intermediary cities, a new concept, symbolize a new urban formation in locations between metropolitan cities or in their hinterland, rural-urban integrity, high quality of life, low population density and a nexus between the global and the local. The aim of this study is to analyze intermediary cities in the impact of city-region that has not been discussed in the literature before, to show that cities can gain new statuses and scales with this impact. It argues that intermediary cities can reduce the uneven development in the city region.

Project Number

Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • Azahan, A., Jamaluddin, M. J., Lukman, Z. M., Kadaruddin, A. & Kadir, A. (2009). The quality of life in Malaysia’s intermediate city: Urban dwellers perspective. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 161-167.
  • Bahers, J.-B., Barles, S. & Durand, M. (2018). Urban metabolism of intermediate cities: The material flow analysis, hinterlands and the logistics-hub function of Rennes and Le Mans (France). Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(3), 686-698. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12778
  • Bayırbağ, M.K. (2006). Ölçek yaklaşımının kent ve bölgelerin yükselişinin açıklanmasındaki katkıları üzerine. Praksis, 15, 49-70.
  • Bellet Sanfeliu, C. & Llop Torné, J.M. (2004). Miradas a otros espacios urbanos: Las ciudades intermedias (Looking at other urban spaces: Intermediate cities). Revista Electrónica De Geografía Y Cıencias Sociales, 165(8), 1-28. Erişim adresi: http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/41650
  • Bermejo-Martín, G. & Rodríguez-Monroy, C. (2019). Sustainability and water sensitive cities: Analysis for intermediary cities in Andalusia. Sustainability, 11(17), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174677
  • Bolay, J.C. (2020). Urban planning against poverty. Berlin: Springer.
  • Bolay, J.C. (2016). Prosperity and social inequalities: Montes Claros, how to plan an intermediary city in Brazil. Current Urban Studies, 4, 175-194. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2016.42013
  • Bolay, J.-C. & Rabinovich, A. (2004). Intermediate cities in Latin America risk and opportunities of coherent urban development. Cities, 21(5), 407–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.07.007
  • Bolay, J-C. & Kern, A.-L. (2019). Intermediate cities. In A. Orum (Ed.), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of urban and regional studies (pp. 1-5). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Brenner, N. (1998). Global cities, glocal states: Global city formation and state territorial restructuring in contemporary Europe. Review of International Political Economy, 5(1), 1-37. Erişim adresi: www.jstor.org/stable/4177255
  • Brenner, N. (2004). New state spaces, urban governance and rescaling statehood. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Brenner, N. (2014). Eleştirel kent teorisi nedir? N. Brenner, P. Marcuse ve M. Mayer (Eds.), Kâr İçin Değil Halk İçin (Çev. Ali Yağız Şen) (ss. 29-46) içinde. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Brenner, N. (2019). New urban spaces: Urban theory and the scale question. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Brenner, N. & Schmid, C. (2014). The ‘urban age’ in question. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(3), 731-755. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12115
  • Castells, M. (2010). The information age economy, society, and culture: The Rise of the network society (Vol I). United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Castells, M. (2017). Kent, sınıf, iktidar (Çev. Asuman Türkün). Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Duman, B. & Coşkun, İ. (2016). Politik süreç teorisi çerçevesinde Tozkoparan’da kentsel dönüşüm projesine karşı kolektif bir eylemin olabilirliği. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 36(2), 575-616. https://doi.org/10.16917/iusosyoloji.291228
  • Eraydın, A. (2001). Küreselleşme-yerelleşme ve işlevleri farklılaşan kentler. Prof. Dr. Cevat Geray’a Armağan (ss. 363-392) içinde. Ankara: Mülkiyeliler Birliği Yayınları.
  • Eraydın, A. (2012). Girişimci devlet, otoriterleşen populizm: Neoliberalizmin yeni evresinde devletin yeni davranış kalıpları. KBAM 3. Kentsel ve Bölgesel Araştırmalar Sempozyumu, ‘Kent Bölgeler, Metropoliten Alanlar ve Büyükşehirler: Değişen Dinamikler ve Sorunlar’ Bildiri Kitabı (ss. 13-33). Ankara: Meta Basımevi.
  • Giddens, A. (1999). Toplumun kuruluşu (Çev. Hüseyin Özel). İstanbul: Bilim Sanat Yayınları.
  • Harvey, D. (1989). From manageralism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler, 71(1), 3-17. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/490503
  • Harvey, D. (2009). Sosyal adalet ve şehir (Çev. Mehmet Moralı). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Hodson, M., McMeekin, A., Froud, J. & Moran, M. (2020). State-rescaling and Re-designing the material city-region: Tensions of disruption and continuity in articulating the future of Greater Manchester. Urban Studies, 57(1), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018820181
  • Jessop, B. (2002). The future of the capitalist state. London: Polity Press.
  • Jessop, B. (2005). Hegemonya, post-fordizm ve küreselleşme ekseninde kapitalist devlet (Çev. Alev Özkazanç ve Betül Yarar). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2004). Ulusal kalkınmacılığın iflası. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları.
  • Klaufus, C. (2010). Watching the city grow: Remittances and sprawl in intermediate Central American cities. Environment & Urbanization, 22(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247809359646
  • Lefebvre, H. (2013). Kentsel devrim (Çev. Selim Sezer). İstanbul: Sel Yayınları.
  • Lefebvre, H. (2018). Şehir hakkı (Çev. Işık Ergüden). İstanbul: Sel Yayınları.
  • Ohmae, K. (1990). Borderless world: Power and strategy in the interlinked economy. New York: Perennial Publishing.
  • Pahl, R.E. (1975). Whose city? Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  • Roberts, B. H. (2016). Rural urbanization and the development of small and intermediate towns. Regional Development Dialogue, 35, 1-23.
  • Roberts, B.H., Iglésias, B.M. & Llop, J.M. (2016). Intermediary cities: The nexus between the local and the global. In E. Bilsky, A. Ciambra, M. Guerin, & L. Terren (Eds.), Co-Creating the urban future: The agenda of metropolis, cities and territories (pp. 133-220). Publisher: United Cites and Local Governments (UCLG).
  • Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2008). The rise of the “city-region” concept and its development policy implications. European Planning Studies, 16(8), 1025–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310802315567
  • Romanos, M. & Auffrey, C. (2002). Assessing the potential for sustainable development in the intermediate size cities of Southeast Asia: The experience from Thailand. In M. Romanos ve C. Auffrey (Eds.), Managing intermediate size cities (pp.1-19). New York: Springer Publishing.
  • Rondinelli, D. A. (1982). Intermediate cities in developing countries: A comparative analysis of their demographic, social and economic characteristic. Third World Planning Review, 4(4), 357-386. https://doi.org/10.3828/twpr.4.4.8m60j6044453h17x
  • Sassen, S. (1991). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Sassen, S. (2005). The global city: Introducing a concept. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 11(2), 27-43. Erişim adresi: https://bjwa.brown.edu/11-2/the-global-city-introducing-a-concept/
  • Scott, A. (2019). City-regions reconsidered. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 51(3), 554-580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19831591
  • Shen, J. (2008). Spatial strategies of urban development: Rescaling and territorialization in post reform China. The Open Urban Studies Journal, 1, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900801010011
  • Smith, N. (1979). Toward a theory of gentrification a back to the city movement by capital, not people. Journal of the American Planning Association, 45(4), 538-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944367908977002
  • Smith, N. (2017). Eşitsiz gelişim (Çev. Esin Soğancılar). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Soja, E. (2000). Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and regions. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Soja, E. (2017). Postmodern coğrafyalar (Çev. Yunus Çetin). İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Globalisation or ‘glocalisation’? Networks, territories and rescaling. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 17(1), 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/0955757042000203632
  • Şentürk, M. (2011). Kentsel müdahaleler açısından İstanbul (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Tekeli, İ. (2010). Gündelik yaşam, yaşam kalitesi ve yerellik yazıları. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
  • Trapero, E. Solís., Sanz, I. Mohíno. & Francés, José María de Ureña. (2015). Global metropolitan-regional scale in evolution: Metropolitan intermediary cities and metropolitan cities. European Planning Studies, 23(3), 568-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.878691
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Urban Policy
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Betül Kızıltepe 0000-0002-3622-9398

Murat Şentürk 0000-0002-9628-6300

Project Number Proje numarası bulunmamaktadır.
Publication Date September 26, 2022
Submission Date June 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kızıltepe, B., & Şentürk, M. (2022). Yeniden Ölçeklenen Kent-Bölge Etki Alanında Yeni Bir Kentsel Oluşum: Aracı Kentler. Kent Akademisi, 15(3), 1439-1454. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1128316

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