Analysis of Ecological Footprint and Tourism Relationship with GUW Cointegration Test

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 29, 293 - 308, 30.11.2023

Oğuzhan Sungur , Eda Bozkurt , Ali Altıner

https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.1316865

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between tourism and ecological footprint within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis.
Design/Methodology: In the study, the 10 countries with the highest ecological footprints were discussed for the period 1995-2020. The GUW cointegration test developed by Gengenbach, Urbain, and Westerlund (2016) was used. Long-term coefficient estimates were made with the Common Correlated Effect (CCE) test.
Findings: The findings showed that tourist arrivals are positive for some countries and negative for others on the ecological footprint. In addition, it was concluded that the Kuznets Curve is inverted u-shaped in China, Russia and Japan. On the other hand, renewable energy consumption was found to be significant for all countries.
Limitations: The most important limitation of the research is the inclusion of the 10 countries with the highest ecological footprint in the analysis and the data supply in terms of the country set that constitutes the sample group of the research. In future studies, more comprehensive studies can be conducted by increasing the number of countries and obtaining data covering a longer period of time.
Originality/Value: EKC Hypothesis has been studied in many studies, mostly by considering carbon emissions. The ecological footprint variable is an important indicator used to measure environmental quality in recent years. On the other hand, tourism is seen as an important income generating item for countries. Examination of ecological footprint and tourism with the EKC Hypothesis constitutes the original value of the research.

Keywords

Ecological Footprint, GUW Cointegration Test, Kuznets Hypothesis, Tourism

Ekolojik Ayak İzi ve Turizm İlişkisinin GUW Eşbütünleşme Testi ile Analizi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizm ile ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişkiyi Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) Hipotezi çerçevesinde ele almaktır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada ekolojik ayak izi en yüksek 10 ülke 1995-2020 periyodu için ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın yönteminde Gengenbach, Urbain ve Westerlund (2016) tarafından geliştirilmiş GUW eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem katsayı tahminleri ise Ortak İlişkili Etkiler (Common Correlated Effect-CCE) testi ile yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bulgular gelen uluslararası turist sayısının ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde bazı ülkeler için pozitif bazı ülkeler için negatif etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca Japonya ve Güney Kore’de Kuznets Eğrisinin ters U şeklinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sınırlılıklar: Araştırmanın en önemli sınırlılığını, ekolojik ayak izi en yüksek 10 ülkenin analize dahil edilmiş olması ve araştırmanın örneklem grubunu oluşturan ülke seti açısından veri temini oluşturmaktadır. Sonraki çalışmalarda ülke sayısının artırılması ve daha uzun zamanı içeren verilerin elde edilebilmesiyle ile daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılabilir.
Özgünlük/Değer: EKC hipotezi birçok çalışmada çoğunlukla karbon emisyonu ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Ekolojik ayak izi değişkeni son yıllarda çevre kalitesini ölçmede kullanılan önemli bir göstergedir. Diğer taraftan turizm ülkeler için önemli bir gelir getirici kalem olarak görülmektedir. Ekolojik ayak izi ve turizmin EKC Hipotezi ile incelenmesi araştırmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Ekolojik Ayak İzi, GUW Eşbütünleşme Testi, Çevresel Kuznets Hipotezi, Turizm

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