8-12 Yaş Arası Yüzücülerde Alt Ekstremite Gücü ile Streamline Mesafesi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 1 - 11, 31.10.2024

Kazım Nas , Kadircan Umut Öz , Ahmet Yıldırım

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 8-12 yaş arası yüzücülerde alt ekstremite gücünün streamline mesafesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Yüzme, tüm vücut kaslarının koordineli ve etkin çalışmasını gerektiren bir spor dalıdır ve su içindeki optimum performans, güçlü alt ekstremite kaslarının kullanılmasına bağlıdır. Streamline pozisyonu, yüzücünün su direncini en aza indirmesi için kritik bir tekniktir. Çalışmaya, Karaman Gençlik Spor İl Müdürlüğü'nde yüzme kursuna katılan 12 kız ve 12 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcuların boy ve vücut ağırlıkları ölçülmüş, streamline mesafeleri ve otur kalk testleri (sit to stand) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS 21.0 programı ile analiz edilmiş ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına bakıldığı zaman alt ekstremite gücünün streamline mesafesi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle erkek yüzücülerde bacak gücü ile streamline mesafesi arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Kız yüzücülerde ise böyle bir ilişki gözlemlenmemiştir, bu durum alt ekstremite güç eksikliği ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, erkek yüzücülerde alt ekstremite dikey gücü ile streamline mesafesi arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuş, kız yüzücülerde bu ilişkinin gözlemlenmemesi ise güç gelişimine daha fazla önem verilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma, yüzme performansını artırmak isteyen sporcuların bacak güçlerine odaklanmaları gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, direnç antrenmanları ve teknik çalışmaların önemi de belirtilmiştir.

Keywords

Alt Ekstremite Gücü, Streamline, Yüzme

References

• Amara S., Barbosa TM, Negra Y., Hammami R., Khalifa R., Chortane SG. (2021). The Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Upper Body Strength, Sprint Swimming Performance and Kinematics in Competitive Adolescent Swimmers. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18 (19) :10261.
• Amara, S., Barbosa, T.M., Chortane, O.G., Hammami, R., Attia, A., Chortane, S.G., van den Tillaar, R. (2022). Effect of Concurrent Resistance Training on Lower Body Strength, Leg Kick Swimming, and Sport-Specific Performance in Competitive Swimmers. Biology, 11, 299.
• Atkins, S. J., Bentley, I., Hurst, H. T., Sinclair, J. K., & Hesketh, C. (2016). The presence of bilateral imbalance of the lower limbs in elite youth soccer players of different ages. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30 (4), 1007–1013.
• Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Tejero, A., & McNarry, M. A. (2019). "Validity and reliability of a sit-to-stand test for the assessment of lower limb strength." European Journal of Sport Science, 19(3), 361-368.
• Bartolomeu RF, Costa MJ, Barbosa TM. (2018). Contribution Of Limbs' Actions to The Four Competitive Swimming Strokes: A Nonlinear Approach. Journal of Sports Sciences. 36 :1836–1845.
• Bishop C, Cree J, Read P, Chavda S, Edwards M, Turner A. (2013). Strength and conditioning for sprint swimming. Strength Cond J. 35: 1–6.
• David JS, Stephen RN and John MH (2002). Performance Evaluation of Swimmers Scientific Tools. Sports Medicine, 32 (9): 539-554.
• Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., & Myer, G. D. (2013). Youth Resistance Training: Past Practices, New Perspectives, and Future Directions. Pediatric Exercise Science, 32(1), 140-149.
• Fig G. (2005). Strength Training for Swimmers: Training the Core. Strength Cond J. 27: 40–42.
• García-Ramos, A., Jiménez-Reyes, P., & Newton, R. U. (2022). Relationship between Lower-Body Strength and Swimming Performance: A Review. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(2), 200-215.
• Garrido N, Marinho DA, Barbosa TM, Costa AM, Silva AJ, Pérez-Turpin JA, Marques MC. (2010). Relationships between dry land strength, power variables and short sprint performance in young competitive swimmers. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise. 5(2):240–249.
• Karpiński J., Rejdych W., Brzozowska D. (2020). The Effects of A 6-Week Core Exercises on Swimming Performance of National Level Swimmers. Plos One, 15(8): e0227394.
• Keiner M., Wirth K., Fuhrmann S., Kunz M., Hartmann H., Haff GG. (2021). The Influence of Upper- and Lower-Body Maximum Strength on Swim Block Start, Turn, and Overall Swim Performance in Sprint Swimming. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2021; 35 :2839–2845.
• Keskinen KL, Tilli LJ, Komi PV. (1989). Maximum velocity swimming: interrelationships of stroking characteristics, force production and anthropometric variables. Scand J Med Sci Spor. 11:87–92.
• Makaracı, Y., Nas, K., Gündüz, K., Uysal, A., Orange, S. T., & Ruiz-Cárdenas, J. D. (2024). Validity and Test–Retest Reliability of a Smartphone App for Measuring Rising Time, Velocity, Power, and Inter-Limb Asymmetry During Single-Leg Sit-to-Stand Test in Female-Trained Athletes. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. 28(4), 391-400.
• Makaracı, Y., Nas, K., Ruiz-Cárdenas, J. D., Gündüz, K., Aydemir, M., & Orange, S. T. (2023). Test-retest reliability and convergent validity of piezoelectric force plate measures of single-leg sit-to-stand performance in trained adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 37(12), 2373–2380.
• Morais JE, Marinho DA, Arellano R., Barbosa TM. (2019). Start and Turn Performances of Elite Sprinters at The 2016 European Championships in Swimming. Sports Biomech. 18 :100–114.
• Morais, J. E., Barbosa, T. M., & Neiva, H. P. (2020). Kinematic and Kinetic Contributions of Lower Limbs to Swimming Performance: A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 581.
• Morouço PG, Marinho DA, Izquierdo M., Neiva H., Marques MC. (2015). Relative Contribution of Arms and Legs in 30 s Fully Tethered Front Crawl Swimming. BioMed Res. Int.
• Nielsen, J. L., Arp, K., Villadsen, M. L., Christensen, S. S., & Aagaard, P. (2020). Rate of force development remains reduced in the knee flexors 3 to 9 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using medial hamstring autografts: A cross-sectional study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(13), 3214–3223.
• Olbrecht, J. (2000). The Science of Winning: Planning, Periodizing and Optimizing Swim Training. Luton: Swimshop.
• Olstad, B. H., Wathne, H. L., & Pedersen, M. T. (2021). Effect of Core Strength and Endurance on Swimming Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(7), 1891-1899.
• Patil D, Salian SC, Yardi S. (2014). The Effect of Core Strengthening on Performance of Young Competitive Swimmers. Int J Sci Res. 3: 2470–2477.
• Peltonen, H., Häkkinen, K., & Mero, A. (2018). Effects of Combined Strength and Endurance Training on Swimming Performance in Competitive Swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(9), 1024-1031.
• Ruiz-Cárdenas, J. D., Montemurro, A., Del Mar MartínezGarcía, M., & Rodríguez-Juan, J. J. (2023). Concurrent and discriminant validity and reliability of an android app to assess time, velocity and power during sit-to-stand test in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(8), 1631–1640.
• Salo D., Riewald S. (2008). Complete Conditioning for Swimming. Human Kinetics, pp. 87–110; 197–225.
• Sanders, R. H., Thow, J., & Fairweather, M. (2011). "The relationship among velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke in elite swimmers." Journal of Sports Science, 29(2), 131-138.
• Schneider P, Meyer F. (2005). Anthropometric and Muscle Strength Evaluation in Prepubescent And Pubescent Swimmer Boys and Girls. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 11: 4.
• Strzala M, Tyka A, Krezalek P. (2007). Swimming technique and biometric and functional indices of young swimmers in relation to front crawl swimming velocity. Hum Movement. 8(2):112–119.
• Strzala M, Tyka A. (2009). Physical endurance, somatic indices and swimming technique parameters as determinants of front crawl swimming speed at short distances in young swimmers. Medicina Sportiva. 13:99–107.
• Virgile, A., & Bishop, C. (2021). A narrative review of limb dominance: Task specificity and the importance of fitness testing. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35 (3), 846–858.
• West DJ, Owen NJ, Cunningham DJ, Cook CJ, Kilduff LP. (2011). Strength and Power Predictors of Swimming Starts in İnternational Sprint Swimmers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 25 :950–955.