KALP KAPAK HASTALIĞI OLAN GEBEDE ANESTEZİ YÖNETİMİ

Year 2018, , 76 - 78, 26.04.2018

Erdinç Koca , Hasan Şayan

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.419057

Abstract

Gebelikle birlikte kan hacmi, kalp debisi, kalp hızı artarken sistemik vasküler direnç azalır. Hemodilüsyon ve fizyolojik anemi görülür. Bu değişiklikler sağlıklı kadınlar tarafından tolere edilebilirken kalp hastalığı olan gebelerde kalp üzerinde ayrı bir yük oluşturmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda peripartum morbidite ve mortalite artmaktadır. Bu hastaların anestezi seçimi kalp hastalığının tipi, kullanılan ilaçlar, cerrahinin aciliyetine göre değişmektedir. 32 yaşında olan hastamızın 4 gebelik, 2 doğum ve 2 abortusu mevcuttu. Hastamıza 39 haftalık gebeliği ne-deniyle sezeryan planlanmıştı. Preoperatif mu-ayenesinde 5 yıl önce perkütan mitral balon valvüloplasti geçirdiği öğrenildi. Ekokardiyog-rafide mitral kapak alanı 1 cm2 olduğu, 30 aort yetmezliği ve pulmoner arter basıncı 35 mm Hg olarak tespit edildi. Hastaya lomber 4-5 verteb-ra aralığından oturur pozisyonda kombine spi-nal–epidural anestezi yapıldı. Epidural katater yoluyla perioperatif ve postoperatif anestezi ve analjezi sağlandı. Sonuç olarak kalp hastalığı olan gebelerde sezaryen uygulamasında düşük doz kombine spinal-epidural anestezi ile hemo-dinaminin daha stabil olacağını ve epidural ka-tater yoluyla da postoperatif analjezi sağlanarak taşikardi, hipertansiyon, ajitasyon gibi olumsuz etkilerin önleneceğini düşünüyoruz.

Keywords

Gebe, anestezi, kalp kapak hastalığı

ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT PATIENT WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

Abstract

During pregnancy, while the blood volume, cardiac output, heart rate increase, the systemic vascular resistance decreases. Hemodilution and physiological anemia can be seen.These changes can be tolerated by pregnant healthy women but they can be an overload on the heart with pregnant women who have cardiac diseases. For this reason the peripartum morbidity and mortality increase. The selection of anesthesia in these patients varies according to the type of cardiac disease, drugs used,and to the urgency of the surgery. Our case was a 32 year-old who had four gravity, two parity and two abortions. Caesarean section was planned for the patient at 39 weeks of gestation In the preoperative examination we learned that she had underwent a percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty five years ago. In echocardiography the mitral valve area was 1 square centimeter, 30 aortic insufficiency was detected and pulmonary artery pressure was 35 mm Hg. The spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed through the L4-L5 intervertebral space with the patient in the sitting position. Perioperative anesthesia and analgesia was provided by epidural catheter. As a result we believe that the low-dose combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia will be more stable on the hemodynamics in the implementation of cesarean section in pregnant women with heart disease and we believe that providing postoperative analgesia via an epidural catheter may prevent the adverse effects such as tachycardia, hypertension and agitation.

Keywords

Pregnancy, anesthesia, valvular heart disease

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