Evaluatıon of olfactory bulb volume anf olfactory sulcus depth ın patıents wıth chronic stroke

Year 2019, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 255 - 259, 21.10.2019

Adil Doğan , Veysel Burulday , Murat Alpua

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.474295

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to
evaluate the olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients
with chronic stroke.

Patients and
Methods: This
study was designed as a case-control and retrospective study. OB volumes of the
patients with chronic stroke (>6 months) were measured using a 1.5 tesla MRI
machine (Philips MRI Systems, Achieva Release 3.2 Level 2013-10-21, Philips
Medical) with a standard head coil. OB volumes were measured by using fat suppressed
T2 coronal images. The data of the stroke patients were compared to the healthy
control subjects.

Results: The study included 45 (21 male/24
female) post-stroke patients with the mean age of 47,7±10,7 years and 45 (19
male/26 female) healthy control subjects with the mean age of 44,5±8,7 years. Right (34,8±10,1 vs. 44,0±7,4 mm³)
and left (34,9±10,0 vs. 49,1±6,2 mm³) OB volumes
were significantly lower in the stroke group than in the control group. There
was no significant difference between the groups when the stroke patients were
divided into two groups as the left and the right regarding to affected hemisphere.  However mean value of the OB volume in the both
left and right stroke groups were significantly lower than the healthy
controls. Olfactory
sulcus depth was similar between the groups on the right side (7,0±0,0 vs. 7,0±0,7), however it was higher in
the stroke group on the left side (7,1±0,9 vs. 6,7±0,6).

Conclusion: Patients with chronic stroke seem
to have decreased OB volumes compared to the healthy control. 

Keywords

Cerebrovascular accident; olfactory bulb;olfactory sulcus

Kronik dönemde inme geçirmiş hastaların olfaktör bulbus hacimlerinin ve olfaktör sulkus derinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

ÖZET

Amaç: Bu çalışmada kronik dönemdeki
inme geçirmiş hastaların olfaktör bulbus (OB) hacimleri ve olfaktör sulcus
derinliğini değerlendirmek amaçlandı.

Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu
çalışma retrospektif ve olgu kontrol çalışması olarak planlandı. Kronik dönemde
(>6 ay) inme geçirmiş hastaların OB hacimleri manyetik rezonans görüntüleme
1.5-tesla MRG sistemi (Philips MRI Systems, Achieva Release 3.2 Level
2013-10-21, Philips Medical) ile standart kafa coili kullanılarak yapıldı. OB
hacim ölçümleri yağ baskılı T2 koronal kesitler kullanılarak yapıldı. İnmeli
hastaların verileri sağlıklı kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması
47,7±10,7 yıl olan 45 (21 erkek,24 kadın) inme geçirmiş hasta ile yaş
ortalaması 44,5±8,7 yıl olan 45 (19 erkek-26 kadın) sağlıklı kontrol dahil
edildi. İnme grubu ile kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında sağ (34,8±10,1 vs. 44,0±7,4 mm³)
ve sol OB (34,9±10,0 vs. 49,1±6,2 mm³)
hacimlerinin ortalama değerlerinin inme geçirmiş grupta kontrollere göre
belirgin olarak azaldığı görüldü. İnme geçiren hastalar etkilenen hemisfere (sağ/sol)
göre ikiye ayrılıp kendi aralarında karşılaştırıldıklarında anlamlı fark
gözlenmezken, her iki grupta da ortalama OB hacimleri sağlıklı kontrollere göre
anlamlı olarak azalmış bulundu. Olfaktör sulkus derinliği ise sağda gruplar
arasında değişiklik göstermezken (7,0±0,0
vs. 7,0±0,7) ve solda inmeli grupta daha yüksek bulundu (7,1±0,9 vs. 6,7±0,6).

Sonuç: İnme sonrası kronik dönemdeki
hastalarda olfaktör bulbus hacimlerinin azaldığı görüldü. 

Keywords

Serebrovasküler olay; olfaktör bulbus; olfaktör sulkus

References

• Referans1 ) Lai SM, Alter M, Friday G, Sobel E. Prognosis for survival after an initial stroke. Stroke 1995;26:2011–2015
• Referans 2 Martines-Marcos A. On the organization of olfactory and vomeronasal cortices. Progress in neurobiology 2009;87:21-30.
• Referans 3 Graziadei PP, Graziadei GM. Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. III.Deafferentation and reinnervation of the olfactory bulb following section of thefila olfactoria in rat. Journal of neurocytology 1980;9(2), 145-162Referans
• Referans4 Rombaux P, Duprez T, Hummel T. Olfactory bulb volüme inthe clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology 2009;47:3–9.
• Referans 5 Buschhüter D, Smitka M, Puschmann S, Gerber JC, Witt M, Abolmaali ND,’’et al’’. Correlation between olfactory bulbus volüme and olfactory function. NeuroImage 2008;42: 498–502
• Referans 6 Wehling E, Naess H, Wollschlaeger D, Hofstad H, Bramerson A, Bende M,’’et al’’.Olfactory dysfunction in chronic stroke patients . BMC Neurology 2015;15:199
• Referans 7 Rui K, Zhang Z, Tian J, Lin X, Wang X, Ma J,’’et al’’. Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells possess immunoregulatory function and suppress autoimmune arthritis. Cell Mol Immunol 2016;13:401-8.
• Referans 8 Doty RL. Olfaction in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:527–52.2
• Referans 9 Thomann PA, Dos Santos V, Toro P, Schönknecht P, Essig,M, Schröder J. Reduced olfactory bulb and tract olüme in early Alzheimer’s disease—A MRI study. Neurobiology of Aging 2009; 30(5), 838-841.
• Referans 10 Whyte EM, Mulsant BH. Post stroke depression: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and biological treatment. Biological psychiatry 2002; 52.3: 253-264.
• Referans 11 Negoias S, Croy I, Gerber J, Puschmann S, Petrowski K, Joraschky P ‘’et al’’. Reduced olfactory bulb olüme and olfactory sensitivity in patients with acute major depression. Neuroscience 2010;169(1), 415-421
• Referans 12 Yang D, Li Q, Fang L, Cheng K, Zhang R, Zheng P,’’et al’’. Reduced neurogenesis and pre-synaptic dysfunction in the olfactory bulb of a rat model of depression. Neuroscience 2011; 192, 609-618.