The Effect of Laser Power and Laser Exposure Time for Cavity Created on Al2O3 Ceramic Surface

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 81 - 88, 31.05.2024

Çağla Pilavcı , Yasemin Tabak , Satılmış Ürgün , Timur Canel

https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.1363471

Abstract

Al2O3 ceramic materials have many industrial applications, especially because they are wear-resistant. In this study, dimples of different sizes were formed on the surface of ceramic plates with a CO2 laser. The effects of laser power and laser exposure time on the dimensions of the cavity were investigated. For this purpose, laser powers of 40, 52, 65, 78, 91, and 105 W were applied to the ceramic material for 10 seconds. In addition, 80 W laser power was kept constant and the laser beam was sent to the material for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 seconds. High-resolution images of the resulting cavities were taken with an optical microscope. Using the images, the dimensions of the cavities were measured and the effects of laser power and laser exposure time on the cavity geometry were observed. The effects of both laser power and laser exposure duration on the cavity and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) regions showed similar characteristics. The size of the cavities and HAZ increased almost linearly as laser power increased. However, when the effect of laser exposure duration was analyzed, the increase in cavity sizes slowed down after the exposure duration exceeded 10 s. When the laser exposure duration exceeded 15 seconds, it was observed that the dimensions of the cavities did not change.

Keywords

Al2O3 ceramic, Laser machining, Laser parameters, Surface texture, CO2 laser

References

• [1] Parikh P. B., 1995. Alumina Ceramics: Engineering Applications and Domestic Market Potential. Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society, 54, pp. 179-184.
• [2] Zhu, B., Zhu, Y., Li, X., & Zhao, F. (2013). Effect of ceramic bonding phases on the thermo-mechanical properties of Al2O3–C refractories. Ceramics International, 39(6), 6069-6076.
• [3] Imbriglio, S. I., Hassani-Gangaraj, M., Veysset, D., Aghasibeig, M., Gauvin, R., Nelson, K. A., ... & Chromik, R. R. 2019. Adhesion strength of titanium particles to alumina substrates: A combined cold spray and LIPIT study. Surface and Coatings Technology, 361, 403-412.
• [4] Huang, L., Yang, Z. H., YAN, L. J., Alhassan, S. I., Gang, H. Y., Ting, W. A. N. G., & Wang, H. Y. 2021. Preparation of 2D carbon ribbon/Al2O3 and nitrogen-doped carbon ribbon/Al2O3 by using MOFs as precursors for removing high-fluoride water. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 31(7), 2174-2188.
• [5] Pranavi, U., Venkateshwar Reddy, P., Venukumar, S., & Cheepu, M. 2022. Evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of Al 5059/B4C/Al2O3 hybrid metal matrix composites. Journal of Composites Science, 6(3), 86.
• [6] Deckers, J. P., Shahzad, K., Cardon, L., Rombouts, M., Vleugels, J., & Kruth, J. P. 2016. Shaping ceramics through indirect selective laser sintering. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 22(3), 544-558.
• [7] Ogashiwa, Y., Suzuki, Y., Tanaka, K., Okumoto, Y., Kuo, Y. L., & Nanko, M. 2022. Influences of Raw Powder on Transparent Al2O3 Prepared by Two-Step Pulsed Electric Current Sintering. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2315, No. 1, p. 012015). IOP Publishing.
• [8] Medvedovski, E. 2001. Wear-resistant engineering ceramics. Wear, 249(9), 821-828.
• [9] Evans K. A., 1996. The Manufacture of Alumina and its Use in Ceramics and Related Applications. Key Engineering Materials, 122-124, pp. 489-526.
• [10] Li S., Yu S., Feng Y., 2016. Progress in and prospects for electrical insulating materials. High Voltage, 1, pp. 122-129.
• [11] Gutierrez A. V., Cuevas J. L., Angeles A. G., Diaz N. P., 2019. Addition of ceramics materials to improve the corrosion resistance of alumina refractories. SN Applied Sciences, 784, pp. 1-7.
• [12] Patel N. R., Gohil P. P., 2012. A Review on Biomaterials: Scope, Applications& Human Anatomy Significance. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2, pp. 91-101.
• [13] Murayama N., Hirao K., Sando M., Tsuchiya T., Yamaguchi H., 2018. High-temperature electro-ceramics and their application to SiC power modules. Ceramics International, 44, pp. 3523-3530.
• [14] Liang Y., Dutta S. P., 2001. Application trend in advanced ceramic technologies. Technovation, 21, pp. 61–65.
• [15] Okada A., 2009. Ceramic technologies for automotive industry: Current status and perspectives. Materials Science and Engineering B, 161, pp 182-187.
• [16] Nissan B. B., Choi A. H., Cordingley R., 2008. Alumina ceramics, Bioceramics and their Clinical Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, 1, pp. 223-242.
• [17] Nag A., Rao R. R., Panda P.K., 2021. High temperature ceramic radomes (HTCR) – A review. Ceramics International, 47, pp. 20793-20806.
• [18] Roya S. K., Moorthy V. K., 1981. Alumina Special Ceramics. Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society, 40, pp. 212-216.
• [19] Caldas P., Sousa F., Pereira F., Lopes H., Machado J., 2022. Automatic system for yarn quality analysis by image processing. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 44, pp.565-590.
• [20] Otitoju, T. A., Okoye, P. U., Chen, G., Li, Y., Okoye, M. O., & Li, S. 2020. Advanced ceramic components: Materials, fabrication, and applications. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 85, pp.34-65.
• [21] Liu, Y., Deng, J., Wang, W., Duan, R., Meng, R., Ge, D., & Li, X. 2018. Effect of texture parameters on cutting performance of flank-faced textured carbide tools in dry cutting of green Al2O3 ceramics. Ceramics International, 44(11), pp.13205-13217.
• [22] Della Bona, A. 2005. Characterizing ceramics and the interfacial adhesion to resin: I-the relationship of microstructure, composition, properties and fractography. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 13, pp.1-9.
• [23] Chang, C. W., & Kuo, C. P. 2007. Evaluation of surface roughness in laser-assisted machining of aluminum oxide ceramics with Taguchi method. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 47(1), pp.141-147.
• [24] Bobby S., Samad M, A., 2016. Enhancement of tribological performance of epoxy bulk composites and composite coatings using micro/nano fillers: a review. Polymers Advanced Technology, 28, pp. 633–644.
• [25] Ye, C. C., Ma, K., Chen, H. M., Xiang, Z. L., & Wei, W. Q. 2024. Effect of texture on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of silicon nitride ceramic. Ceramics International, 50(2), pp.4014-4021.
• [26] Sanghvi, M. R., Tambare, O. H., & More, A. P. 2022. Performance of various fillers in adhesives applications: A review. Polymer Bulletin, 79(12), pp.10491-10553.
• [27] Kanishka, K., & Acherjee, B. 2023. Revolutionizing manufacturing: A comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing processes, materials, developments, and challenges. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 107, pp.574-619.
• [28] Niranatlumpong, P., & Koiprasert, H. 2006. Improved corrosion resistance of thermally sprayed coating via surface grinding and electroplating techniques. Surface and Coatings Technology, 201(3-4), 737-743.
• [29] Gachot, C., Rosenkranz, A., Hsu, S. M., & Costa, H. L. 2017. A critical assessment of surface texturing for friction and wear improvement. Wear, 372, pp.21-41.
• [30] Kumar, V., Verma, R., Kango, S., & Sharma, V. S. (2021). Recent progresses and applications in laser-based surface texturing systems. Materials Today Communications, 26, 101736.
• [31] De Zanet, A., Casalegno, V., & Salvo, M. 2021. Laser surface texturing of ceramics and ceramic composite materials–A review. Ceramics International, 47(6), pp.7307-7320.
• [32] Malinauskas, M., Žukauskas, A., Hasegawa, S., Hayasaki, Y., Mizeikis, V., Buividas, R., & Juodkazis, S. 2016. Ultrafast laser processing of materials: from science to industry. Light: Science & Applications, 5(8), e16133-e16133.
• [33] Bonse, J., Kirner, S. V., Griepentrog, M., Spaltmann, D., & Krüger, J. 2018. Femtosecond laser texturing of surfaces for tribological applications. Materials, 11(5), 801.
• [34] Usumez A, Inan O, Aykent F. 2004. Bond strength of a silicone lining material to alumina-abraded and lased denture resin. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater; 71, pp.196–200.
• [35] Harimkar, S. P., & Dahotre, N. B. 2006. Crystallographic and morphological textures in laser surface modified alumina ceramic. Journal of applied physics, 100(2).
• [36] Li, H., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Zeng, Q., Hu, K., Lu, Z., & Liang, J. 2020. Effect of sintering temperature in argon atmosphere on microstructure and properties of 3D printed alumina ceramic cores. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 9, pp.220-231.
• [37] Abdelmoula, M., Küçüktürk, G., Juste, E. ve Petit, F. 2022. Alüminanın toz yatağı seçici lazer işlemi: Tarama stratejilerinin incelenmesi. Uygulamalı Bilimler , 12 (2), 764.
• [38] Zhang, C., Han, K., Zhou, D., Song, C., Xu, P., Wu, T., ... & Wu, Q. 2022. High concentration Tm3+ doped TeO2-Al2O3-BaF2 glass for~ 2 µm fiber lasers. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 901, 163592.
• [39] Yang, Y., Chen, F., Shen, T., Pariatamby, A., Wen, X., Yan, M., & Kanchanatip, E. 2023. Catalytic depolymerization of waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic in supercritical ethanol by ZnO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 173, 881-892.
• [40] Wu, X., Xu, L., & Weng, D. 2004. The thermal stability and catalytic performance of Ce-Zr promoted Rh-Pd/γ-Al2O3 automotive catalysts. Applied Surface Science, 221(1-4), 375-383.
• [41] Liu, Q., Gu, F., Lu, X., Liu, Y., Li, H., Zhong, Z., ... & Su, F. 2014. Enhanced catalytic performances of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst via addition of V2O3 for CO methanation. Applied Catalysis A: General, 488, 37-47.
• [42] Khamverdi, Z., Rezaei-Soufi, L., Paik, H. H., Jabari, P., & Ahmadian, M. 2021. Evaluation of the Effect of Cavity Preparation Using Er, Cr: YSGG Laser on Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations. Avicenna Journal of Dental Research, 13(3), 81-85.
• [43] El-Dehna, A. M., Alyaski, M. A., & Mostafa, M. H. 2021. Clinical Evaluation of Laser Versus Conventional Cavity Preparation Methods in Primary Teeth Restorations. Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls, 8(3-C), 483-489.
• [44] Gorucu, Y., Albayram, S., Balci, B., Hasiloglu, Z. I., Yenigul, K., Yargic, F., ... & Kiris, A. 2011. Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis: a phase contrast magnetic resonance study. Functional neurology, 26(4), 215.
• [45] Yazıcı, E., Gurgan, S. E. V. İ. L., Gutknecht, N., & Imazato, S. 2010. Effects of erbium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet and neodymium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser hypersensitivity treatment parameters on the bond strength of self-etch adhesives. Lasers in medical science, 25, 511-516.