INVESTIGATION OF DRILLING PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED POLYAMIDE 6 POLYMER COMPOSITE
Year 2023,
Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 160 - 179, 01.03.2023
Abdurrahman Genç
,
Ferhat Yıldırım
,
Murat Koyunbakan
,
S. Hakan Yetgin
,
Volkan Eskizeybek
,
Gözde Kuş
Abstract
Polyamides are preferred polymer materials for manufacturing industrial products due to their lightness, resistance to corrosion, ease of processing, and recyclability. In this study, the machinability properties of Polyamide 6 (PA6) polymer composite plates reinforced with chopped carbon fiber (CF) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in different proportions were investigated by the drilling method using different cutting tools and cutting parameters. The experiments were carried out according to the L16 orthogonal array. Drilling experiments were carried out in a dry environment. The deformations occurring on the inlet and outlet surfaces of the drilled samples were calculated, and the surface roughness (Ra) of the hole walls was measured. According to the results obtained, the particle addition made to the PA6 polymer reduced the Ra. It has been observed that high cutting speed and low feed rate are ideal parameters to achieve low Ra and low inlet-outlet deformations.
Supporting Institution
This work was supported by Kütahya Dumlupınar University The Scientific Research Coordination Unit.
Project Number
Project number: 2016-90.
References
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- [5] G. Kuş, S. H. Yetgin, M. Koyunbakan, F. Yıldırım, V. Eskizeybek, ve A. Genç, “Çok Duvarlı Karbon Nanotüp Katkılı Poliamit 6 Polimerinin Termal, Termo-Mekanik Ve Tribolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”, Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, Cilt. 13, No. 3, pp. 1389-1402, 2020.
- [6] L. Huimin, X. Xiangmın, L. Xiaohong, and Z. Zhijun, “Morphology, crystallization and dynamic mechanical properties of PA66/nano SiO2 composites”, Bulletion Materials Science, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 485–490, 2006.
- [7] P. Renê Anisio da, L. Amanda Melissa Damião, A. Edcleide Maria, M. Vanessa da Nóbrega, M. Tomás Jeferson Alves de, and P. Luiz Antônio, “Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of polyamide 6/ Brazilian organoclay nanocomposites”, Polímeros, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 52-60, 2016.
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- [9] G. Meral, M. Sarıkaya, and H. Dilipak, “The optimization of cutting of parameters in drilling processes by Taguchi method”, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt. 27, No. 4, pp. 332-338, 2011.
- [10] U. Khashaba, I. El-Sonbaty, A. Selmy, A. Megahed, “Machinability Analysis in Drilling Woven GFR/Epoxy Composites: Part I-Effect of Machining Parameters”, Composites: Part-A, Vol. 41, pp. 391-400, 2010.
- [11] A. Alberdi, T. Artaza, A. Suárez, A., Rivero, F. Girot, "An experimental study on abrasive waterjet cutting of CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks for drilling operations", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 86, pp. 1-14, 2015.
- [12] U. Köklü, Y. Kaynak, O. Demir, A. Avcı, ve A., Etyemez, “Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş Kompozit Malzemelerin Talaşlı İşlenebilme Performansı”, 6. Ulusal Talaşlı İmalat Sempozyumu (UTİS 2015), 2015, ss. 198-206.
- [13] M. Özsoy, and N. Özsoy, “Experimental And Statistical Investigation of Drilling of AISI 1040 Steel At Dry And Wet Conditions”, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, Cilt. 8, No. 2, pp. 384-391, 2020.
- [14] H. B. Kaybal, A. Ünüvar, M. Koyunbakan, and A. Avcı, “A novelty optimization approach for drilling of CFRP nanocomposite laminates”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 100, pp. 2995–3012, 2019.
- [15] M. A. Karataş, “Evaluation Of The Effect Of Machining Parameters On Delamination Damage In Drilling Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite With Different Drill Bits”, Dicle University Journal of Engineering (DUJE), Vol. 13, pp. 19-25, 2022.
- [16] F. Kahraman, G. Başar, Z. Koçoğlu, ve E. Yeniyıl, “Delik Büyütme Işleminde Kesme Parametrelerinin Çok Yanıtlı Taguchi Deneysel Tasarım Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Optimizasyonu”, Politeknik Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 283-290, 2018.
- [17] A. Maslavi, H. Ünal, ve S. H. Yetgin, “Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Grafit Ve Ptfe Katkili Poli-Eter-Eter-Keton (Peek) Polimer Kompozitin Tribolojik Performanslarina Kayma Hizinin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi”, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, Cilt. 10, No. 2, pp. 457-467, 2022.
- [18] T. Panneerselvam, and S. Raghuraman, “Optimization of Drilling Parameters For Delamination Associated with Pre-Drill in Chopped Strand Mat Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymeric Material”, Pertanika Journal Science and Technology, Vol. 23, pp. 61-72, 2015.
- [19] T. Rajamurugan, K. Shanmugam, K. Palanikumar, “Analysis of Delamination in Drilling Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites”, Materials and Design, Vol. 45, pp. 80-87, 2013.
- [20] B. Işık, and E. Ekici, “Experimental Investigations of Damage Analysis in Drilling of Woven Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites”, International Journal Advanced Manufacture Technology, Vol. 49, pp. 861-869, 2010.
- [21] M. Ramesh, K. Palanikumar, and K. Reddy, “Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Machining Characteristics in Drilling Hybrid Glass-Sisal-Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites”, 5th International and 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference, Vol. 461, pp.1-6, 2014
- [22] K. Palanikumar, “Experimental Investigation and Optimization in Drilling of GFRP Composites”, Measurement, Vol. 44, pp. 2138-2148., 2011.
- [23] U. S. Rao, and L. Rodrigues, “Controlling Process Factors to Optimize Surface Quality in Drilling of GFPR Composites by Integrating DOE, Anova, and RSM Techniques”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 8, pp. 1-9, 2015.
- [24] J. C. Rubio, L. Silva, W. Leite, T. Panzera, S. Filho, and J. Davim, “Investigations on the Drilling Process of Unreinforced and Reinforced Polyamides Using Taguchi Method”, Composites:Part-B, Vol. 55, pp. 338-344, 2013.
- [25] E. Kuram, “Micro-Machinability of Injection Molded Polyamide 6 Polymer and Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composite”, Composites:Part-B, Vol. 88, pp. 85-100, 2016.
- [26] R. F. Zinati, and M. Razfar, “Experimental and Modeling Investigation Of Surface Roughness in End-Milling Of Polyamide 6/Multi-Walled Carbon Nano-Tube Composite”, International Journal Advanced Manufacture Technology, Vol. 75, pp. 979-989, 2014.
- [27] F. Fıçıcı, ve Z. Ayparçası, “%30 Cam Fiber Takviyeli Polipitilamit (PPA) Matriksli Kompozit Malzemenin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün İncelenmesi”, 5. Ulusal Talaşlı İmalat Sempozyumu (UTIS 2014), 2014, ss. 473-481.
- [28] V. Gaitonde, S. Karnik, SJ. C. C. Rubio, A. Abrão, A. E. Correia, and J. P. Davim, “Surface roughness analysis in high-speed drilling of unreinforced and reinforced polyamides”, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 46, No. 21, pp. 2659-2673, 2012.
- [29] V. Gaitonde, S. Karnik, J. C. C. Rubio, W. de Oliveira Leite, and J. Davim, “Experimental studies on hole quality and machinability characteristics in drilling of unreinforced and reinforced polyamides”, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 21-36, 2014.
- [30] A. Uysal, “Relation Between Drill Bit Temperature and Chip Forms in Drilling of Carbon Black Reinforced Polyamide”, Journal of Thermal Engineering Yildiz Technical University Press, Vol. 1, pp. 655-658, 2015.
- [31] Detsan Kimya A.Ş., “Technical properties of Polyamide 6” Technical datasheet, October 2017.
- [32] Dowaksa A.Ş., “Technical data sheet of Carbon fiber”, November 2017.
- [33] Detsan Kimya A.Ş., “Technical properties of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube” Technical datasheet, January 2018.
- [34] S. Korucu, G. Samtaş, “The effect of cutting parameters on wear, surface roughness and chip formation in drilling of Vanadis 4E steel with uncoated drill bits”, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of EngineeringJournal of Science and Engineering (DEÜ FMD), Vol. 23, No. 69, 961-971, 2021.
- [35] H. Gökçe, İ. Çiftçi, “Cutting parameter optimization in shoulder milling of commercially pure Molybdenum”, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 40, pp. 360, 2018.
- [36] T. N. Valarmathi, K. Palanikumar and B. Latha, “Measurement and analysis of thrust force in drilling of particle board (PB) composite panels”, Measurement, Vol. 46, pp. 1220–1230, 2013.
- [37] A. Uysal, and E. Altan, “Karbon Siyahı Takviyeli Elektriği İleten Polipropilen Kompozite Delik Delinmesinde İşlem Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi”, Politeknik Dergisi, Cilt. 18, ss. 241-249, 2015.
- [38] E. Kılıçkap, "CETP Kompozitlerin Delinmesinde Oluşan Deformasyona Delme Parametrelerinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi," 2. Ulusal Tasarım İmalat ve Analiz Kongresi, 2010, pp. 77.
Katkılı Poliamid 6 Polimer Kompozitin Delinme Performansının İncelenmesi
Year 2023,
Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 160 - 179, 01.03.2023
Abdurrahman Genç
,
Ferhat Yıldırım
,
Murat Koyunbakan
,
S. Hakan Yetgin
,
Volkan Eskizeybek
,
Gözde Kuş
Abstract
Sahip oldukları hafiflik, kimyasallara karşı dayanıklılık, işlenebilme kolaylığı ve geri kazanılabilme özellikleri nedeniyle termoplastikler endüstriyel ürünlerde tercih edilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, farklı oranlarda kırpılmış karbon elyaf (KE) ve çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp (ÇDKNT) ile takviye edilmiş Poliamid 6 (PA6) polimer kompozit levhaların işlenebilirlik özellikleri, farklı kesici takımlar ve kesme parametreleri kullanılarak delinme yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Deneyler L16 ortogonal tasarıma göre yapılmıştır. Delme deneyleri kuru ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Delinen numunelerin giriş ve çıkış yüzeylerinde meydana gelen deformasyonlar hesaplanmış ayrıca delik duvarlarındaki yüzey pürüzlülükleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre PA6 polimerine yapılan partikül katkısı yüzey pürüzlülüğünün azalmasını sağlamıştır. Düşük yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve düşük giriş-çıkış deformasyonları elde etmek için yüksek kesme hızı ve düşük ilerlemenin ideal parametreler olduğu görülmüştür.
Project Number
Project number: 2016-90.
References
- [1] Ş. Bayraktar, Y. Siyambaş, ve Y. Turgut, “Delik Delme Prosesi: Bir Araştırma”, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt. 21, ss. 120-130, 2016.
- [2] P. S. İçli, “Polimerik Kompozitler: Geleceğin Teknolojileri”, I. Polimerik Kompozitler Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, 2006, ss. 43-46,
- [3] T. Grilo, R. Paulo, C. Silva, and J. Davim, “Experimental Delamination Analyses of CFRPs Using Different Drill Geometries”, Composites: Part-B, Vol. 45, pp. 1344-1350, 2013.
- [4] G. Kuş, M. Koyunbakan, S. H. Yetgin, F. Yıldırım, V. Eskizeybek, ve A. Genç, “Çok duvarlı karbon nanotüp katkılı poliamit 6 polimerinin mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi”, Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt. 11, No. 2, ss. 543-551, 2020.
- [5] G. Kuş, S. H. Yetgin, M. Koyunbakan, F. Yıldırım, V. Eskizeybek, ve A. Genç, “Çok Duvarlı Karbon Nanotüp Katkılı Poliamit 6 Polimerinin Termal, Termo-Mekanik Ve Tribolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”, Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, Cilt. 13, No. 3, pp. 1389-1402, 2020.
- [6] L. Huimin, X. Xiangmın, L. Xiaohong, and Z. Zhijun, “Morphology, crystallization and dynamic mechanical properties of PA66/nano SiO2 composites”, Bulletion Materials Science, Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 485–490, 2006.
- [7] P. Renê Anisio da, L. Amanda Melissa Damião, A. Edcleide Maria, M. Vanessa da Nóbrega, M. Tomás Jeferson Alves de, and P. Luiz Antônio, “Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of polyamide 6/ Brazilian organoclay nanocomposites”, Polímeros, Vol. 26, No.1, pp. 52-60, 2016.
- [8] S. S. Kumar, and G. Kanagaraj, “Investigation on Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of PA6 and Graphite-Reinforced PA6 Polymer Composites”, Arabian Journal of Science Engineering, Vol. 41, pp. 4347–4357, 2016.
- [9] G. Meral, M. Sarıkaya, and H. Dilipak, “The optimization of cutting of parameters in drilling processes by Taguchi method”, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt. 27, No. 4, pp. 332-338, 2011.
- [10] U. Khashaba, I. El-Sonbaty, A. Selmy, A. Megahed, “Machinability Analysis in Drilling Woven GFR/Epoxy Composites: Part I-Effect of Machining Parameters”, Composites: Part-A, Vol. 41, pp. 391-400, 2010.
- [11] A. Alberdi, T. Artaza, A. Suárez, A., Rivero, F. Girot, "An experimental study on abrasive waterjet cutting of CFRP/Ti6Al4V stacks for drilling operations", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 86, pp. 1-14, 2015.
- [12] U. Köklü, Y. Kaynak, O. Demir, A. Avcı, ve A., Etyemez, “Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş Kompozit Malzemelerin Talaşlı İşlenebilme Performansı”, 6. Ulusal Talaşlı İmalat Sempozyumu (UTİS 2015), 2015, ss. 198-206.
- [13] M. Özsoy, and N. Özsoy, “Experimental And Statistical Investigation of Drilling of AISI 1040 Steel At Dry And Wet Conditions”, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, Cilt. 8, No. 2, pp. 384-391, 2020.
- [14] H. B. Kaybal, A. Ünüvar, M. Koyunbakan, and A. Avcı, “A novelty optimization approach for drilling of CFRP nanocomposite laminates”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 100, pp. 2995–3012, 2019.
- [15] M. A. Karataş, “Evaluation Of The Effect Of Machining Parameters On Delamination Damage In Drilling Of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite With Different Drill Bits”, Dicle University Journal of Engineering (DUJE), Vol. 13, pp. 19-25, 2022.
- [16] F. Kahraman, G. Başar, Z. Koçoğlu, ve E. Yeniyıl, “Delik Büyütme Işleminde Kesme Parametrelerinin Çok Yanıtlı Taguchi Deneysel Tasarım Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Optimizasyonu”, Politeknik Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 283-290, 2018.
- [17] A. Maslavi, H. Ünal, ve S. H. Yetgin, “Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Grafit Ve Ptfe Katkili Poli-Eter-Eter-Keton (Peek) Polimer Kompozitin Tribolojik Performanslarina Kayma Hizinin Etkisinin Belirlenmesi”, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, Cilt. 10, No. 2, pp. 457-467, 2022.
- [18] T. Panneerselvam, and S. Raghuraman, “Optimization of Drilling Parameters For Delamination Associated with Pre-Drill in Chopped Strand Mat Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymeric Material”, Pertanika Journal Science and Technology, Vol. 23, pp. 61-72, 2015.
- [19] T. Rajamurugan, K. Shanmugam, K. Palanikumar, “Analysis of Delamination in Drilling Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites”, Materials and Design, Vol. 45, pp. 80-87, 2013.
- [20] B. Işık, and E. Ekici, “Experimental Investigations of Damage Analysis in Drilling of Woven Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites”, International Journal Advanced Manufacture Technology, Vol. 49, pp. 861-869, 2010.
- [21] M. Ramesh, K. Palanikumar, and K. Reddy, “Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Machining Characteristics in Drilling Hybrid Glass-Sisal-Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites”, 5th International and 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference, Vol. 461, pp.1-6, 2014
- [22] K. Palanikumar, “Experimental Investigation and Optimization in Drilling of GFRP Composites”, Measurement, Vol. 44, pp. 2138-2148., 2011.
- [23] U. S. Rao, and L. Rodrigues, “Controlling Process Factors to Optimize Surface Quality in Drilling of GFPR Composites by Integrating DOE, Anova, and RSM Techniques”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 8, pp. 1-9, 2015.
- [24] J. C. Rubio, L. Silva, W. Leite, T. Panzera, S. Filho, and J. Davim, “Investigations on the Drilling Process of Unreinforced and Reinforced Polyamides Using Taguchi Method”, Composites:Part-B, Vol. 55, pp. 338-344, 2013.
- [25] E. Kuram, “Micro-Machinability of Injection Molded Polyamide 6 Polymer and Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composite”, Composites:Part-B, Vol. 88, pp. 85-100, 2016.
- [26] R. F. Zinati, and M. Razfar, “Experimental and Modeling Investigation Of Surface Roughness in End-Milling Of Polyamide 6/Multi-Walled Carbon Nano-Tube Composite”, International Journal Advanced Manufacture Technology, Vol. 75, pp. 979-989, 2014.
- [27] F. Fıçıcı, ve Z. Ayparçası, “%30 Cam Fiber Takviyeli Polipitilamit (PPA) Matriksli Kompozit Malzemenin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün İncelenmesi”, 5. Ulusal Talaşlı İmalat Sempozyumu (UTIS 2014), 2014, ss. 473-481.
- [28] V. Gaitonde, S. Karnik, SJ. C. C. Rubio, A. Abrão, A. E. Correia, and J. P. Davim, “Surface roughness analysis in high-speed drilling of unreinforced and reinforced polyamides”, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 46, No. 21, pp. 2659-2673, 2012.
- [29] V. Gaitonde, S. Karnik, J. C. C. Rubio, W. de Oliveira Leite, and J. Davim, “Experimental studies on hole quality and machinability characteristics in drilling of unreinforced and reinforced polyamides”, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 21-36, 2014.
- [30] A. Uysal, “Relation Between Drill Bit Temperature and Chip Forms in Drilling of Carbon Black Reinforced Polyamide”, Journal of Thermal Engineering Yildiz Technical University Press, Vol. 1, pp. 655-658, 2015.
- [31] Detsan Kimya A.Ş., “Technical properties of Polyamide 6” Technical datasheet, October 2017.
- [32] Dowaksa A.Ş., “Technical data sheet of Carbon fiber”, November 2017.
- [33] Detsan Kimya A.Ş., “Technical properties of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube” Technical datasheet, January 2018.
- [34] S. Korucu, G. Samtaş, “The effect of cutting parameters on wear, surface roughness and chip formation in drilling of Vanadis 4E steel with uncoated drill bits”, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of EngineeringJournal of Science and Engineering (DEÜ FMD), Vol. 23, No. 69, 961-971, 2021.
- [35] H. Gökçe, İ. Çiftçi, “Cutting parameter optimization in shoulder milling of commercially pure Molybdenum”, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 40, pp. 360, 2018.
- [36] T. N. Valarmathi, K. Palanikumar and B. Latha, “Measurement and analysis of thrust force in drilling of particle board (PB) composite panels”, Measurement, Vol. 46, pp. 1220–1230, 2013.
- [37] A. Uysal, and E. Altan, “Karbon Siyahı Takviyeli Elektriği İleten Polipropilen Kompozite Delik Delinmesinde İşlem Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi”, Politeknik Dergisi, Cilt. 18, ss. 241-249, 2015.
- [38] E. Kılıçkap, "CETP Kompozitlerin Delinmesinde Oluşan Deformasyona Delme Parametrelerinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi," 2. Ulusal Tasarım İmalat ve Analiz Kongresi, 2010, pp. 77.