Biber Fidelerinde Yapraktan Yapılan Melatonin Uygulamalarıyla Üşüme Stresine Karşı Toleransın Arttırılması

Year 2016, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 348 - 354, 29.10.2016

Ahmet Korkmaz , Özlem Demir Ferit Kocaçınar , Yakup Cuci

Abstract

ÖZET: Bu çalışmada melatoninin biberde fide aşamasında üşüme stresine karşı tolerans sağlama üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Sena çeşidi biber fideleri dört tam gerçek yaprağa sahip olduklarında, 0, 1, 5 ve 25 µM melatonin içeren saf (distile) su bitkilerin yapraklarına püskürtülmüştür. Melatonin uygulamalarından 1 gün sonra bitkiler üşüme stresine tabi tutulmuşlardır. Üşüme stresi uygulaması 3 gün sürmüş ve bitkiler 12 saat boyunca 5±1 ^oC (gece, aydınlatma yok) ve 12 saat boyunca da 10±1 ^oC’ye (gündüz, aydınlatma var, ışık şiddeti: 225 µmol m^-2s^-1) maruz bırakılmışlardır. Yapraktan yapılan melatonin uygulamalarının üşüme stresi koşulları altındaki biber fidelerinin gelişmelerini olumlu şekilde etkilediği ve üşüme stresine karşı toleransı arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Melatonin konsantrasyonları karşılaştırıldığında, 5 µM uygulamasının daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür ve 5 µM melatonin ile muamele edilmiş bitkilerde daha az görsel zarar oluşmuş ve fotosentetik aktivite, doku nispi su içeriği ve antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri artmıştır. Bu araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak, melatoninin biber fidelerine yapraktan 5 µM konsantrasyonunda uygulanmasının üşüme stresine karşı toleransı arttırmada kullanılabilecek bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar kelimeler: Biber, Capsicum annuum L.,  melatonin, stres toleransı, üşüme stresi

 

Enhancing Chilling Stress Tolerance in Pepper Seedlings by Foliar Application of Melatonin

 

ABSTRACT:  In this research, the possibilities of improving chilling stress tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) at seedling stages were investigated. In order to improve tolerance to chilling stress, melatonin was applied in various concentrations (0, 1, 5 or 25 μM) through foliar spray. After melatonin applications, plants were subjected to chilling stress at (5 ^oC/10 ^oC, night/day) for 3 days. Following stress imposition, the efficacy of melatonin treatments on improving tolerance to chilling stress was determined by various physical measurements and physiological and biochemical analyses. The results indicated that foliar application of melatonin was found to be quite effective in enhancing chilling stress tolerance. Of the melatonin concentrations tested, treating the seedlings with 5 μM of melatonin provided significant protection against chilling stress compared to non-melatonin-treated seedlings. Melatonin treatment enhanced the photosynthetic capacity and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity while reducing visual damage symptoms. Therefore, it could be deduced from the results of the current research that foliar application of melatonin in 5 μM concentrations could be used effectively in enhancing seedling tolerance to chilling stress.

Keywords: melatonin, pepper, Capsicum annuum L., stress tolerance, chilling stress

References

• Arnao, M.B. 2014. Phytomelatonin: Discovery, Content, and Role in Plants. Advances in Botany, e815769. doi:10.1155/2014/815769.
• Arnao, M.B., Hernandez-Ruiz, J. 2015. Functions of Melatonin in Plants: A Review. Journal of Pineal Research, 59: 133–150.
• Badria, F.A. 2002. Melatonin, Serotonin, and Tryptamine in Some Egyptian Food and Medicinal Plants. Journal of Medicinal Food, 5: 153-157.
• Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: Improved Assays and an Assay Applicable to Acrylamide Gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276-87.
• Bergmeyer, N. 1970. Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse.Vol. 1, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, pp. 636–647.
• Chen, G., Huo, Y., Tan, D.X., Liang, Z., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y. 2003. Melatonin in Chinese Medicinal Herbs. Life Sciences, 73: 19–26.
• Dolatabadian, A., Sanavy, S.A.M.M., Chashmi, N.A. 2008. The Effects of Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) on Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, Lipid Peroxidation and Proline Accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) under Conditions of Salt Stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194: 206-213.
• Dubbels, R., Reiter, R.J., Klenke, E., Goebel, A., Schnakenberg, E., Ehlers, C. 1995. Melatonin in Edible Plants İdentified Identified by Radioimmunoassay and by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Pineal Research, 18: 28–31.
• Hattori, A, Migitaka, H., Masayaki, I., Itoh, M., Yamamoto, K., Ohtani-Kaneko, R., Hara, M., Suzuki, T., Reiter, R.J. 1995. Identification of Melatonin in Plant Seed Its Effects on Plasma Melatonin Levels and Binding to Melatonin Receptors in Vertebrates. International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 35: 627–634.
• Kaya C., Ak, B.E., Higgs, D. 2003. Response of Salt-Stressed Strawberry Plants to Supplementary Calcium Nitrate and/or Potassium Nitrate. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 6: 543-560.
• Korkmaz, A. 2002. Amelioration of Chilling Injuries in Watermelon Seedlings by Abscisic Acid. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 26: 17-20.
• Korkmaz, A., Uzunlu, M., Demirkiran, A.R. 2007. Treatment with Acetyl Salicylic Acid Protects Muskmelon Seedlings Against Drought Stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 29: 503-508.
• Korkmaz, A., Değer, Ö., Cuci, Y. 2014. Profiling the Melatonin Content in Organs of the Pepper Plant During Different Growth Stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 172: 242–247.
• Korkmaz, A., Karaca, A., Kocaçınar, F., Cuci, Y. 2016. The effects of Seed Treatment with Melatonin on Germination and Emergence Performance of Pepper Seeds under Chilling Stress. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi/Journal of Agricultural Sciences, (in press).
• Lerner, A.B., Case, J.D., Takahashi, Y. 1958. Isolation of Melatonin, a Pineal Factor That Lightness Melanocytes. Journal of American Chemical Society, 80: 2587-2591.
• Li, C., Wang, P., Wei, Z., Liang, D., Liu, C., Yin, L., Jia, D., Fu, M., Ma, F. 2012. The Mitigation Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Salinity-Induced Stress in Malus hupehensis. Journal of Pineal Research, 53: 298-306.
• Liu, J., Wang, W., Wang, L., Sun, Y. 2015. Exogenous Melatonin improves Seedling Health Index and Drought Tolerance in Tomato. Plant Growth Regulation, 77: 317–326.
• Ozden, M., Demirel, U., Kahraman, A. 2009. Effects of Proline on Antioxidant System in Leaves of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Exposed to Oxidative Stress by H2O2. Scientia Horticulturae, 119: 163-168.
• Posmyk, M. M., Janas, K. M. 2009. Melatonin in Plants. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 31: 1–11.
• Reiter, R.J. 1991. Pineal Melatonin: Cell Biology of Its Physiological Interactions. Endocrine Reviews, 12: 151–181.
• Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.X., Burkhardt, S., Manchester, L.C., 2001. Melatonin in Plants. Nutrition Reviews, 59: 286-290.
• Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.X., Zhou, Z., Cruz, M.H.C., Fuentes-Broto, L., Galano, A. 2015. Phytomelatonin: Assisting Plants to Survive and Thrive. Molecules, 20: 7396-7437.
• Shi, H., Jiang, C., Ye, T., Tan, D.X., Reiter, R.J., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Chan, Z. 2015. Comparative Physiological, Metabolomic, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Improved Abiotic Stress Resistance in Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. by Exogenous Melatonin. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66: 681–694.
• Tan, D.X., Manchester, L.C., Di Mascio, P., Martinez, G.R., Prado, F.M., Reiter, R.J. 2007(a). Novel Rhythms of N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine and Its Precursor Melatonin in Water Hyacinth: Importance for Phytoremediation. Faseb Journal, 21: 1724–1729.
• Tan, D.X., Manchester, L.C., Helton, P., Reiter, R.J. 2007(b). Phytoremediative Capacity of Plants Enriched with Melatonin. Plant Signaling and Behavior, 2: 514–516.
• Tettamanti, C., Cerabolini, B., Gerola, P., Conti, A. 2000. Melatonin Identification in Medicinal Plants. Acta Phytotherapeutica, 3: 137–144.
• Van Tassel, D. L., Roberts, N., Lewy, A., O’Neill, S. D. 2001. Melatonin in Plant Organs. Journal of Pineal Research, 31: 8–15.
• Xu, X. D. 2010. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Physiological Response of Cucumber Seedlings under High Temperature Stress. Thesis for Master’s Degree, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shanxi, China.
• Xu, S.C., Li, Y.P., Hu, J., Guan, Y.J., Ma, W.G., Zheng, Y.Y., Zhu, S.J. 2010. Responses of Antioxidant Enzymes to Chilling Stress in Tobacco Seedlings. Agricultural Sciences in China, 9: 1594-1601.
• Wang, Y., Hao, J., Li, Q., Jia, J. 2009. Defend Effects of Melatonin on Mung Bean UV- B Irradiation. Acta Photonica Sinica, 38: 2629-2633.
• Zhang, J.H., Huang, W.D., Liu, Y.P., Pan, Q.H. 2005. Effects of Temperature Acclimation Pretreatment on The Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells in Young Grape Plants (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Jingxiu) under Cross-Temperature Stresses. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47: 959-970.
• Zhang, N., Sun, Q., Zhang, H., Cao, Y., Weeda, S., Ren, S., Guo, Y.D. 2015. Roles of Melatonin in Abiotic Stress Resistance in Plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66: 647-656.
• Zhao, Y., Qi L.W., Wang, W.M., Saxena, P.K., Liu, C.Z. 2011. Melatonin Improves the Survival of Cryopreserved Callus of Rhodiola crenulata. Journal of Pineal Research, 50: 83-8.