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Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 368 - 377, 01.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.280545

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, önemli bir kısmı Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi olan Saros
Körfezi’nde gorgonların mevcut durumlarının bilimsel kayıt altına alınması ve
gelecekteki değişimlerin izlenmesi için gereken verilerin sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
Türleri belirlemek ve yoğun bulundukları bölgeleri tespit etmek amacıyla kuzey,
güney ve üç adalar kıyılarında, 0-40 m arasındaki derinliklerde toplam 25 tüplü
dalış yapılmıştır. Gorgon fasiyesi olarak kabul edilebilecek 4 nokta
belirlenmiş ve bu noktalarda transekt veya kuadrat yöntemleriyle kantitatif
çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak körfezin kuzey kıyılarında, beyaz gorgon
Eunicella singularis’in özellikle İbrice
çevresinde dağılım gösterdiği ve en yoğun bulunduğu yerlerde 2-3 koloni.m
-2
yoğunluğa eriştiği saptanmıştır. Güney kıyılarda ise, hem beyaz gorgon hem sarı
gorgon
E. cavolini’ye
rastlanmaktadır. Beyaz gorgon en bol bulunduğu yerlerde 1-5 koloni.m
-2
yoğunluğa, sarı gorgon ise yaklaşık 10 koloni.m
-2 yoğunluğa
erişebilmektedir. Sarı gorgonun boy-frekans dağılımı simetriktir ve özellikle
Batı Akdeniz populasyonlaryla kıyaslandığında, burada iri boy gruplarının bol
bulunması dikkat çekicidir. Buna karşılık küçük boy gruplarının az olması,
stoka katılımın sınırlı olduğunu gösteriyor olabilir. 
Saros Körfezi’ndeki
gorgon populasyonlarında yüksek oranlarda sağlıksız koloniler gözlenmiştir. Bu
durum endişe verici olup, bölgede artmakta olması muhtemel nutrient ve askıda
katı madde girişlerine bağlı olabilir. Gorgonların genel olarak ender olduğu
Doğu Akdeniz baseninde,
Saros Körfezi gibi gorgonlar açısından özel
öneme sahip ve aynı zamanda deniz koruma alanı olan bir bölgede populasyonların
korunması için; körfeze giren atık ve atık suların kontrol altına alınması, mercanları
ve benzer şekilde
Posidonia çayırlarını
çapa zararlarından korumak amacıyla tonoz sistemlerinin yerleştirilmesi,
korunan alanın kuzeydeki populasyonları da kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmesi ve
son olarak korunan alanda aktif yönetim uygulanması tavsiye edilir.

References

  • Ateş AS, Kocataş A, Yurdabak FE 2005. Decapod (Crustacea) Fauna of Saros Bay (Northeastern Aegean Sea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29 (2): 119-124.
  • Ballesteros E 2006. Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages: a synthesis of present knowledge. Oceanogr Mar Biol 44: 123-195.
  • Cerrano C, Bavestrello G, Bianchi CN, Cattaneo-vietti R, Bava S, Morganti C, Morri C, Picco P, Sara G, Schiaparelli S, Siccardi A, Sponga F 2000. A catastrophic mass-mortality episode of gorgonians and other organisms in the Ligurian Sea (North-western Mediterranean) summer 1999. Ecology Letters, 3: 284-293.
  • Coma R, Pola E, Ribes M, Zabala M, 2004. Long-Term Assessment of Temperate Octocoral Mortality Patterns, Protected Vs. Unprotected Areas. Ecological Applications, 14: 1466-1478.
  • Gambi MC, Barbieri F 2012. Population Structure of the Gorgonian Eunicella Cavolinii In The “Grotta Azzurra” Cave off Palinuro, after the Mass Mortality Event in 2008. Biol. Mar. Mediterr, 19:174-175.
  • Garrabou J, Coma R, Bensoussan N, Bally M, Chevaldonné P, Cigliano M, Diaz D, Harmelin JG, Gambi MC, Kersting DK, Ledoux JB, Lejeusne C, Linares C, Marschal C, Pérez, T, Ribes M, Romano JC, Serrano E, Teixido N, Torrents O, Zabala M, Zuberer F, Cerrano C, 2009. Mass mortality in Northwestern Mediterranean rocky benthic communities: effects of the 2003 heat wave. Global Change Biology, 15: 1090-1103.
  • Gili JM, Coma R, 1998. Benthic suspension feeders : their paramount role in littoral marine food webs. Trends in ecology & evolution (Amsterdam), 13: 316-321.
  • Gori A, Rossi S, Linares C, Berganzo E, Orejas C, Dale MRT, Gili J-M 2011. Size and spatial structure in deep versus shallow populations of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Marine Biology, 158:1721-1732.
  • Gori A, Rossi S, Berganzo E, Pretus JL, Dale MRT, Gili J-M. 2010. Spatial distribution patterns of the gorgonians Eunicella singularis, Paramuricea clavata, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Cape of Creus, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Marine Biology 158:143-158.
  • Gori A, Bramanti L, López-González P, Thoma JN, Gili J-M, Grinyó J, Uceira V, Rossi S 2012. Characterization of the zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate morphotypes of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. Marine Biology, 159:1485-1496.
  • Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M 1994. Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers. Oikos, 69: 373-386.
  • Kipson S, Fourt M, Teixidó N, Cebrian E, Casas E, Ballesteros E, Zabala M, Garrabou J, 2011. Rapid Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring Method for Highly Diverse Benthic Communities: A Case Study of Mediterranean Coralligenous Outcrops. PloS one 6: e27103.
  • Kurt G, Ergen Z, Çinar M E 2007. Soft bottom Lumbrineridae (Polychaeta) species in Izmir and Saros Bays (Aegean Sea) Rapp Comm Int Explor Scient Mer Méditerr, 38: 525.
  • Linares C, Coma R, Diaz D, Zabala M, Hereu B, Dantart L 2005. Immediate and delayed effects of a mass mortality event on gorgonian population dynamics and benthic community structure in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305: 127-137.
  • Linares C, Coma R, Garrabou J, Díaz D, Zabala M 2008. Size distribution, density and disturbance in two Mediterranean gorgonians: Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella singularis. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 688-699.
  • Linares C, Zabala M, Garrabou J, Coma R, Diaz D, Hereu B, Dantart L 2010. Assessing the impact of diving in coralligenous communities: the usefulness of demographic studies of red gorgonian populations. Scientific Reports of Port-Cros National Park 24: 161-184.
  • Munari C, Serafin G, Mistri M 2013. Structure, growth and secondary production of two Tyrrhenian populations of the white gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper 1791). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 119: 162-166.
  • Pazi I 2008. Water mass properties and chemical characteristics in the Saros Gulf, Northeast Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Journal of Marine Systems 74: 698-710.
  • Sini M, Kipson S, Linares C, Koutsoubas D, Garrabou J 2015. The Yellow Gorgonian Eunicella cavolini: Demography and Disturbance Levels across the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS ONE 10:e0126253.
  • Topçu EN, Öztürk B 2016. Reproduction in the Mediterranean endemic gorgonian Spinimuricea klavereni (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Plexauridae). Invertebrate Biology 135(1): 13-19.
  • Topçu EN, Öztürk B 2016. First insights into the demography of the rare gorgonian Spinimuricea klavereni in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology 37(5): 1154-1160.
  • Velimirov B. 1973. Orientation in the sea fan Eunicella cavolinii related to water movement. Helgol Wiss Meeres, 24: 163–173.
  • Velimirov B. 1975. Wachstum und altersbestimmung der gorgonie Eunicella cavolinii. Oecologia, 19: 259–1272.
  • Weinbauer MG, Velimirov B 1995. Morphological variations in the Mediterranean sea fan Eunicella cavolini (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea) in relation to exposure, colony size and colony region. Bull Mar Sci. 56: 283–295.
  • Yurtsever A 2002. Kuzey Ege Denizi’nde bulunan bazı yumuşak mercan türlerinin popülasyon yapısı üzerine araştırmalar. İÜ Fen Bil. Ens.. Deniz Biyolojisi ABD, Yüksek Lisans tezi, 23 s.

Demographic Structure of Gorgonian (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Assemblages in the Bay of Saros

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 4, 368 - 377, 01.08.2017
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.280545

Abstract

The aim of this study was to scientifically
record the current status of gorgonian populations in Saros Bay, an important
part within the Saros Specially Protected Area, and to provide data for future
monitoring of changes. Twenty-five scuba dives were effectuated between 0– 40 m
depth along southern, northern and three islands coast of the bay in order to
determine the species and locate sites of highest density. Four sites that can
be evaluated as gorgonian facies were determined and were quantitatively studied
by transect or quadrat techniques. According to our results, the white
gorgonian
Eunicella singularis is
distributed along the northern coasts, particularly around İbrice locality and
has a density of 2-3 colonies.m
-2 where colonies are densest. Both
white and yellow (
E. cavolini)
gorgonians can be found along southern coasts. The white gorgonian has a
density between 1-5 colonies.m
-2 where densest, while the yellow
gorgonian can reach around 10 colonies.m
-2. The yellow gorgonian
population has a symmetrical size frequency distribution and the abundance of
large size classes is conspicuous, particularly in comparison to populations in
the Western Mediterranean. However, small size classes are at low numbers,
which might be a sign of limited recruitment. 
We observed high rates of unhealthy colonies in
gorgonian populations of Saros Bay. This result is a great concern and might be
related to nutrient and suspended particulate matter loads that seem to be
increasing in the area. In the Eastern Mediterranean where gorgonian
populations are rather scarce, Saros Bay, also a marine protected area, is an
area of importance for gorgonians, therefore some conservation actions are
recommended: waste and wastewater discharges in the basin need to be better
managed; mooring buoys should be placed in order to prevent damages by anchors to
gorgonians but also to
Posidonia
meadows; the protected area might be enlarged in a way to include northern
populations and finally the marine protected area should be actively managed.

References

  • Ateş AS, Kocataş A, Yurdabak FE 2005. Decapod (Crustacea) Fauna of Saros Bay (Northeastern Aegean Sea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29 (2): 119-124.
  • Ballesteros E 2006. Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages: a synthesis of present knowledge. Oceanogr Mar Biol 44: 123-195.
  • Cerrano C, Bavestrello G, Bianchi CN, Cattaneo-vietti R, Bava S, Morganti C, Morri C, Picco P, Sara G, Schiaparelli S, Siccardi A, Sponga F 2000. A catastrophic mass-mortality episode of gorgonians and other organisms in the Ligurian Sea (North-western Mediterranean) summer 1999. Ecology Letters, 3: 284-293.
  • Coma R, Pola E, Ribes M, Zabala M, 2004. Long-Term Assessment of Temperate Octocoral Mortality Patterns, Protected Vs. Unprotected Areas. Ecological Applications, 14: 1466-1478.
  • Gambi MC, Barbieri F 2012. Population Structure of the Gorgonian Eunicella Cavolinii In The “Grotta Azzurra” Cave off Palinuro, after the Mass Mortality Event in 2008. Biol. Mar. Mediterr, 19:174-175.
  • Garrabou J, Coma R, Bensoussan N, Bally M, Chevaldonné P, Cigliano M, Diaz D, Harmelin JG, Gambi MC, Kersting DK, Ledoux JB, Lejeusne C, Linares C, Marschal C, Pérez, T, Ribes M, Romano JC, Serrano E, Teixido N, Torrents O, Zabala M, Zuberer F, Cerrano C, 2009. Mass mortality in Northwestern Mediterranean rocky benthic communities: effects of the 2003 heat wave. Global Change Biology, 15: 1090-1103.
  • Gili JM, Coma R, 1998. Benthic suspension feeders : their paramount role in littoral marine food webs. Trends in ecology & evolution (Amsterdam), 13: 316-321.
  • Gori A, Rossi S, Linares C, Berganzo E, Orejas C, Dale MRT, Gili J-M 2011. Size and spatial structure in deep versus shallow populations of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Marine Biology, 158:1721-1732.
  • Gori A, Rossi S, Berganzo E, Pretus JL, Dale MRT, Gili J-M. 2010. Spatial distribution patterns of the gorgonians Eunicella singularis, Paramuricea clavata, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa (Cape of Creus, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Marine Biology 158:143-158.
  • Gori A, Bramanti L, López-González P, Thoma JN, Gili J-M, Grinyó J, Uceira V, Rossi S 2012. Characterization of the zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate morphotypes of the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. Marine Biology, 159:1485-1496.
  • Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M 1994. Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers. Oikos, 69: 373-386.
  • Kipson S, Fourt M, Teixidó N, Cebrian E, Casas E, Ballesteros E, Zabala M, Garrabou J, 2011. Rapid Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring Method for Highly Diverse Benthic Communities: A Case Study of Mediterranean Coralligenous Outcrops. PloS one 6: e27103.
  • Kurt G, Ergen Z, Çinar M E 2007. Soft bottom Lumbrineridae (Polychaeta) species in Izmir and Saros Bays (Aegean Sea) Rapp Comm Int Explor Scient Mer Méditerr, 38: 525.
  • Linares C, Coma R, Diaz D, Zabala M, Hereu B, Dantart L 2005. Immediate and delayed effects of a mass mortality event on gorgonian population dynamics and benthic community structure in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305: 127-137.
  • Linares C, Coma R, Garrabou J, Díaz D, Zabala M 2008. Size distribution, density and disturbance in two Mediterranean gorgonians: Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella singularis. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 688-699.
  • Linares C, Zabala M, Garrabou J, Coma R, Diaz D, Hereu B, Dantart L 2010. Assessing the impact of diving in coralligenous communities: the usefulness of demographic studies of red gorgonian populations. Scientific Reports of Port-Cros National Park 24: 161-184.
  • Munari C, Serafin G, Mistri M 2013. Structure, growth and secondary production of two Tyrrhenian populations of the white gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper 1791). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 119: 162-166.
  • Pazi I 2008. Water mass properties and chemical characteristics in the Saros Gulf, Northeast Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Journal of Marine Systems 74: 698-710.
  • Sini M, Kipson S, Linares C, Koutsoubas D, Garrabou J 2015. The Yellow Gorgonian Eunicella cavolini: Demography and Disturbance Levels across the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS ONE 10:e0126253.
  • Topçu EN, Öztürk B 2016. Reproduction in the Mediterranean endemic gorgonian Spinimuricea klavereni (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Plexauridae). Invertebrate Biology 135(1): 13-19.
  • Topçu EN, Öztürk B 2016. First insights into the demography of the rare gorgonian Spinimuricea klavereni in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology 37(5): 1154-1160.
  • Velimirov B. 1973. Orientation in the sea fan Eunicella cavolinii related to water movement. Helgol Wiss Meeres, 24: 163–173.
  • Velimirov B. 1975. Wachstum und altersbestimmung der gorgonie Eunicella cavolinii. Oecologia, 19: 259–1272.
  • Weinbauer MG, Velimirov B 1995. Morphological variations in the Mediterranean sea fan Eunicella cavolini (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea) in relation to exposure, colony size and colony region. Bull Mar Sci. 56: 283–295.
  • Yurtsever A 2002. Kuzey Ege Denizi’nde bulunan bazı yumuşak mercan türlerinin popülasyon yapısı üzerine araştırmalar. İÜ Fen Bil. Ens.. Deniz Biyolojisi ABD, Yüksek Lisans tezi, 23 s.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section SU ÜRÜNLERİ (Fisheries)
Authors

Nur Eda Topçu

Publication Date August 1, 2017
Acceptance Date February 21, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 20 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Topçu, N. E. (2017). Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(4), 368-377. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.280545
AMA Topçu NE. Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. June 2017;20(4):368-377. doi:10.18016/ksudobil.280545
Chicago Topçu, Nur Eda. “Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 20, no. 4 (June 2017): 368-77. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.280545.
EndNote Topçu NE (June 1, 2017) Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 20 4 368–377.
IEEE N. E. Topçu, “Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları”, KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 368–377, 2017, doi: 10.18016/ksudobil.280545.
ISNAD Topçu, Nur Eda. “Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 20/4 (June 2017), 368-377. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.280545.
JAMA Topçu NE. Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;20:368–377.
MLA Topçu, Nur Eda. “Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 4, 2017, pp. 368-77, doi:10.18016/ksudobil.280545.
Vancouver Topçu NE. Saros Körfezi Gorgon (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Holaxonia) Topluluklarının Demografik Yapıları. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;20(4):368-77.