Epilepsinin Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar ile İlişkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 75 - 84, 22.07.2024

Yalçın Kahya , Cicek Hocaoglu

https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1239543

Abstract

Epilepsi, tekrarlayan nöbetlerle karakterize kronik seyirli nörolojik bir hastalıktır. Her yaştan insanı etkileyen epilepsi hastalar ve aileleri için ekonomik, sosyal alanlar gibi birçok alanda yıkıcı sorunlara neden olur. Epilepsi tanımlanırken sadece nöbetler değil, aynı zamanda hastalığa eşlik eden psikiyatrik ve bilişsel bozulmayı içeren durumlar da göz önüne alınmalıdır. Çünkü epilepsi tanısı ile izlenen hastalarda psikiyatrik eş tanıların prevalansı oldukça yüksektir. Yaşamları boyunca üç hastadan birinde psikiyatrik bozukluklar görülmektedir. Duygudurum ve anksiyete bozuklukları epilepsiye en sık eşlik eden psikiyatrik tanıların başında gelmektedir. Şizofreni, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk (OKB), kişilik bozuklukları, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), bipolar bozukluk (BB), bilişsel bozukluklar ve madde kullanım bozukluğu da eşlik eden diğer psikiyatrik hastalıklardır. Epilepsi aynı zamanda yüksek intihar riski ve şiddet davranışları ile de ilişkilendirilmektedir. Epilepsi tedavisinde öncelik antiepileptik ilaçların monoterapi olarak kullanılmasıdır. Ayrıca, tedavide kullanılan antiepileptik ilaçların psikiyatrik ve davranışsal yan etkileri olabilir. Bu yan etkiler ilacın özelliğine ve hastanın klinik durumuna göre değişebilir. Yan etkiler gözden kaçabildiği için kesin sıklığını belirlemek de güçtür. Özellikle psikiyatrik bozukluk öyküsü olan epilepsi tanılı hastalarda antiepileptik ilaç kullanımı ve seçimi konusunda dikkatli olunmalıdır. Eş tanılı psikiyatrik bozuklukların erken saptanması hem nöbet kontrolü açısından hem de hastalığın seyri açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu gözden geçirmede konu ile ilgili çalışmalar gözden geçirilerek alanyazına katkı sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Epilepsi, Psikiyatrik Bozukluklar, tanı

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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Association Between Epilepsy and Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Epilepsy, which affects people of all ages, causes many devastating economic and social problems for patients and their families. When defining epilepsy, not only seizures but also psychiatric and cognitive impairments accompanying the disease are taken into account. Because the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients followed up with a diagnosis of epilepsy is quite high. Psychiatric disorders occur in one out of three patients during their lifetime. Mood disorders and anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric diagnoses accompanying epilepsy. Other psychiatric disorders are schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), cognitive disorders, and substance use disorder. Epilepsy is also associated with a high risk of suicide and violent behavior. The priority in the treatment of epilepsy is the use of antiepileptic drugs as monotherapy. However, antiepileptic drugs used in treatment may also have psychiatric and behavioral side effects. These side effects may vary according to the characteristics of the drug and the clinical condition of the patient. It is also difficult to determine the exact frequency as side effects can be overlooked. Particular attention should be paid to the use and selection of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy who have a history of psychiatric disorders. Early detection of comorbid psychiatric disorders is important both in terms of seizure control and in terms of the course of the disease. In this review, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by reviewing the studies on the subject.

Keywords

Epilepsy, Psychiatric disorders, Diagnosis

Project Number

yok

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