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Kahramanmaraş'ta Hastane ve Serbest Eczanelerde Görev Yapan Eczacıların Farmakovijilans Konusundaki Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Araştırılması

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 49 - 58, 22.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1352385

Abstract

Amaç: Advers ilaç reaksiyonları toplum sağlığını etkileyen önemli bir sorundur. Bu nedenle, pazarlama sonrası dönemde ilaç güvenliğinin yakından izlenmesi ve advers etkilerin bildirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Advers etkilerin sağlık çalışanları tarafından yetersiz bildirimi, farmakovijilans sisteminin gelişebilmesinin önünde önemli bir engel olarak görülmektedir. Eczacı, hastanın sağlık çalışanları ile iletişiminin son basamağını oluşturması ve kolaylıkla ulaşılabilir olması nedeniyle ilaç güvenliğinin izlenmesi ve advers etkilerin bildirilmesinde önemli sorumluluk taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ilindeki eczacıların farmakovijilans konusundaki bilgi ve tutumlarının incelenmesi ve farmakoepidemiyolojik açıdan veri tabanı oluşumuna katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kahramanmaraş’ta görev yapan 200 eczacıya yüz-yüze anket uygulanmış ve anketi 190 eczacı cevaplamıştır. Anket; eczacıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, farmakovijilans konusundaki bilgileri ve advers ilaç reaksiyonu bildirimi hakkında tutumları ile ilgili bilgi edinmeye yönelik sorulardan oluşmaktadır.
Bulgular: Ankete katılan eczacıların %20’si farmakovijilansı doğru olarak tanımlamıştır. Eczacıların %55.8’i son bir yıl içerisinde kendilerine advers etki şikayeti ile başvuru olduğunu belirtmiştir. Advers etki şikayetine en çok neden olan ilaç grupları arasında, antibiyotikler (%40.8), analjezikler (%16) ve kardiyovasküler ilaçlar (%12.8) bulunmaktadır. Ankete katılan eczacıların %55.8’i advers etkilerin bildirilmesi gerektiğini bilmelerine rağmen, sadece %8.4’ü bildirim yapmıştır. Bildirim yapmama nedenleri arasında; yeterli bilgiye sahip olmamak, gerekli olduğunu düşünmemek ve zamanın kısıtlı olması gibi nedenler yer almaktadır.
Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz bulgulara göre, Kahramanmaraş’ta görev yapan eczacıların büyük bir kısmının farmakovijilans konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı ve advers etki bildiriminin düşük seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Advers etki bildirimlerinin yeterli düzeye ulaşması için mezuniyet öncesi ve sonrası eğitim programları ile farmakovijilans konusundaki farkındalığın arttırılmasına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmayla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm. Dr. Ecz. Algül Dilara DOKUMACI

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

Bu çalışmada herhangi bir proje kapsamında destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Ofori-Asenso R. A closer look at the World Health Organization's prescribing indicators. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2016;7(1):51–54.
  • Halli-Tierney AD, Scarbrough C, Carroll D. Polypharmacy: Evaluating risks and deprescribing. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(1):32-38.
  • Ülker ÖC, Esen B. Farmakovijilans sistemi ve eczacının rolü: Sistematik derleme. J Lit Pharm Sci. 2021;10(2):211-22.
  • Khan Z, Karataş Y, Rahman H. Adverse drug reactions reporting in Turkey and barriers: An urgent need for pharmacovigilance education. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620922483.
  • Kaya D, Sürmelioğlu N, Karataş Y. Farmakovijilansın dünü, bugünü ve yarını [Past, present and future of pharmacovigilance]. Archives Medical Review Journal. 2016;25(1): 129-39.
  • Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA. 1998;279(15):1200-1205.
  • Adenuga BA, Kibuule D, Bamitale KDS, Rennie TW. Effective integration of pharmacovigilance systems at public health facilities in resource-limited settings: A qualitative study. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020;16(8):1111-6.
  • Hughes ML, Weiss M. Adverse drug reaction reporting by community pharmacists-the barriers and facilitators. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019;28(12):1552-9.
  • Ergün Y. Farmakovijilans: Türk mevzuatı açısından bir değerlendirme [Pharmacovigilance: An evaluation with regard to Turkish regulations]. KSU Medical Journal. 2019;14(3):155-61.
  • Toklu HZ, Mensah E. Why do we need pharmacists in pharmacovigilance systems? Online J public health Inform. 2016;8(2):e193.
  • De Meestere D, Saevels J. Belgian community pharmacists' pharmacovigilance perspective and practice. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019;15(12):1446-52.
  • Kopciuch D, Zaprutko T, Paczkowska A, Ratajczak P, Zielińska-Tomczak Ł, Kus K, et al. Safety of medicines-pharmacists' knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019;28(12):1543-51.
  • Hadi MA, Neoh CF, Zin RM, Elrggal ME, Cheema E. Pharmacovigilance: Pharmacists' perspective on spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2017;6:91-98.
  • Toklu HZ, Uysal MK. The knowledge and attitude of the Turkish community pharmacists toward pharmacovigilance in the Kadikoy district of Istanbul. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30(5):556- 62.
  • Aşkın GC. İstanbul'un belirli ilçelerindeki eczane eczacılarının ilaç güvenliğindeki yeni yapılanma hakkındaki bilgileri ve farmakovijilansa olan yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul: T.C. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmasötik Toksikoloji ABD; 2012. Erişim tarihi: 8.08.2023.
  • Emerce E. Seçilmiş üç eczacılık fakültesinin 3. 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin farmakovijilans konusundaki farkındalık durumu bilgi ve görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ankara: T.C. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Epidemiyoloji Programı; 2019. Erişim tarihi: 8.08.2023.
  • Adepu R. Adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting by community pharmacists: A Review. World J. Pharm. Res. 2014;3(8):1223-1233.
  • Liu J, Zhou Z, Yang S, Feng B, Zhao J, Liu H, el al. Factors that affect adverse drug reaction reporting among hospital pharmacists in western China. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37:457-464.
  • Pirmohamed M, James S, Meakin S, Green C, Scott AK, Walley TJ, et al. Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: Prospective analysis of 18 820 patients. BMJ. 2004;329(7456):15-9.
  • Cacabelos R, Naidoo V, Corzo L, Cacabelos N, Carril JC. Genophenotypic factors and pharmacogenomics in adverse drug reactions. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24):13302.
  • Montané E, Santesmases J. Adverse drug reactions. Med Clin (Barc). 2020;154(5):178-184.
  • Lučić MM, Milošević NP, Martić NB, Paut Kusturica MM, Jovančević VM, Ubavić MB, et al. The role of a pharmacist in pharmacovigilance system. Hosp. Pharm. 2018;5(3):715-27.
  • Andrade PHS, Almeida ACB, Dos Santos AKS, Lobo IMF, Silva FA, Silva WB. Challenges to the consolidation of pharmacovigilance practices in Brazil: Limitations of the hospital pharmacist. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620933748.
  • Herdeiro MT, Figueiras A, Polónia J, Gestal- Otero JJ. Influence of pharmacists' attitudes on adverse drug reaction reporting: A case control study in Portugal. Drug Saf. 2006;29(4):331-40.
  • Grootheest VK, Olsson S, Couper M. Pharmacists' role in reporting adverse drug reactions in an international perspective. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(7):457-464.
  • Ozcan G, Aykac E, Kasap Y, Nemutlu NT, Sen E, Aydinkarahaliloglu ND. Adverse drug reaction reporting pattern in Turkey: Analysis of the national database in the context of the first pharmacovigilance legislation. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2016;3(1):33-43.
  • Su C, Ji H, Su Y. Hospital pharmacists' knowledge and opinions regarding adverse drug reaction reporting in northern China. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19:217-222.
  • Elkalmi RM, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MI, Jamshed SQ, Al-Lela OQ. Community pharmacists' attitudes, perceptions, and barriers toward adverse drug reaction reporting in Malaysia: A quantitative insight. J Patient Saf. 2014;10(2):81-87.
  • Suyagh M, Farah D, Abu Farha R. Pharmacist's knowledge, practice and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(2):147-153.
  • Oreagba IA, Ogunleye OJ, Olayemi SO. The knowledge, perceptions and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst community pharmacists in Lagos state, south west Nigeria. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20(1):30-35.
  • Alan S, Ozturk M, Gokyildiz S, Avcibay B, Karatas Y. An evaluation of knowledge of pharmacovigilance among nurses and midwives in Turkey. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(6):616-618.
  • Mahmoud MA, Alswaida Y, Alshammari T, Khan TM, Alrasheedy A, Hassali MA, et al. Community pharmacists' knowledge, behaviors and experiences about adverse drug reaction reporting in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2014;22(5):411-418.
  • Prakasam A, Nidamanuri A, Kumar S. Knowledge, perception and practice of pharmacovigilance among community pharmacists in south India. Pharm Pract. 2012;10(4):222-6.
  • Vural F, Ciftci S, Vural B. The knowledge, attitude and behaviours of nurses about pharmacovigilance, adverse drug reaction and adverse event reporting in a State Hospital. North Clin Istanb. 2014;1(3):147–152.
  • Gavaza P, Brown CM, Lawson KA, Rascati KL, Wilson JP, Steinhardt M. Influence of attitudes on pharmacists’ intention to report serious adverse drug events to the Food and Drug Administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;72(1):143-152.
  • Irujo M, Beitia G, Bes-Rastrollo M, Figueiras A, Hernandez-Diaz S, Lasheras B. Factors that influence under-reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions among community pharmacists in a Spanish region. Drug Saf. 2007;30:1073-1082.
  • Sweis D, Wong IC. A survey on factors that could affect adverse drug reaction reporting according to hospital pharmacists in Great Britain. Drug Saf. 2000;23(2):165–172.
  • Güner MD, Ekmekci PE. Healthcare professionals' pharmacovigilance knowledge and adverse drug reaction reporting behavior and factors determining the reporting rates. J Drug Assess. 2019;8(1):13-20.
  • Khalili H, Mohebbi N, Hendoiee N, Keshtkar AA, Khavidaki SD. Improvement of knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers about ADR, a pre- and postclinical pharmacists’ interventional study. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000367.
  • Reumerman M, Tichelaar J, Piersma B, Richir MC, Van Agtmael MA. Urgent need to modernize pharmacovigilance education in healthcare curricula: Review of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;74(10):1235-48.

Investigation of Knowledge and Attitudes on Pharmacovigilance of Pharmacists Working in Hospitals and Community Pharmacies in Kahramanmaraş

Year 2024, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 49 - 58, 22.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1352385

Abstract

Objective: Adverse drug reactions are an important problem affecting public health. Therefore, close monitoring of drug safety and reporting of adverse effects in the post-marketing period is of great importance. Inadequate reporting of adverse effects by healthcare professionals is seen as an important obstacle to the development of the pharmacovigilance system. The pharmacist has an important responsibility in monitoring drug safety and reporting adverse effects, as it is the last step of the patient's communication with healthcare professionals and is easily accessible. This study, it is aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacists in Kahramanmaraş province on pharmacovigilance and to contribute to the formation of a pharmacoepidemiological database.
Material and Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire was applied to 200 pharmacists working in Kahramanmaraş and 190 pharmacists answered the questionnaire. Questionnaire; It consists of questions to obtain information about pharmacists' socio-demographic characteristics, their knowledge of pharmacovigilance, and their attitudes about adverse drug reaction reporting.
Results: 20% of the pharmacists who participated in the survey correctly defined pharmacovigilance. 55.8% of pharmacists stated that they had applied to them with complaints of adverse effects in the last year. Antibiotics (40.8%), analgesics (16%), and cardiovascular drugs (12.8%) are among the drug groups that cause the most adverse effects complaints. Although 55.8% of surveyed pharmacists knew that adverse effects should be reported, only 8.4% did. Among the reasons for not reporting; There are reasons such as not having enough information, not thinking it is necessary, and limited time.
Conclusion: According to the findings we obtained, it was seen that most of the pharmacists working in Kahramanmaraş did not have sufficient knowledge about pharmacovigilance, and the adverse effect reporting was at a low level. There is a need to increase awareness of pharmacovigilance with pre- and post-graduate education programs to reach a sufficient level of adverse effect reports.

Project Number

Bu çalışmada herhangi bir proje kapsamında destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Ofori-Asenso R. A closer look at the World Health Organization's prescribing indicators. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2016;7(1):51–54.
  • Halli-Tierney AD, Scarbrough C, Carroll D. Polypharmacy: Evaluating risks and deprescribing. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100(1):32-38.
  • Ülker ÖC, Esen B. Farmakovijilans sistemi ve eczacının rolü: Sistematik derleme. J Lit Pharm Sci. 2021;10(2):211-22.
  • Khan Z, Karataş Y, Rahman H. Adverse drug reactions reporting in Turkey and barriers: An urgent need for pharmacovigilance education. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620922483.
  • Kaya D, Sürmelioğlu N, Karataş Y. Farmakovijilansın dünü, bugünü ve yarını [Past, present and future of pharmacovigilance]. Archives Medical Review Journal. 2016;25(1): 129-39.
  • Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA. 1998;279(15):1200-1205.
  • Adenuga BA, Kibuule D, Bamitale KDS, Rennie TW. Effective integration of pharmacovigilance systems at public health facilities in resource-limited settings: A qualitative study. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020;16(8):1111-6.
  • Hughes ML, Weiss M. Adverse drug reaction reporting by community pharmacists-the barriers and facilitators. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019;28(12):1552-9.
  • Ergün Y. Farmakovijilans: Türk mevzuatı açısından bir değerlendirme [Pharmacovigilance: An evaluation with regard to Turkish regulations]. KSU Medical Journal. 2019;14(3):155-61.
  • Toklu HZ, Mensah E. Why do we need pharmacists in pharmacovigilance systems? Online J public health Inform. 2016;8(2):e193.
  • De Meestere D, Saevels J. Belgian community pharmacists' pharmacovigilance perspective and practice. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019;15(12):1446-52.
  • Kopciuch D, Zaprutko T, Paczkowska A, Ratajczak P, Zielińska-Tomczak Ł, Kus K, et al. Safety of medicines-pharmacists' knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019;28(12):1543-51.
  • Hadi MA, Neoh CF, Zin RM, Elrggal ME, Cheema E. Pharmacovigilance: Pharmacists' perspective on spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2017;6:91-98.
  • Toklu HZ, Uysal MK. The knowledge and attitude of the Turkish community pharmacists toward pharmacovigilance in the Kadikoy district of Istanbul. Pharm World Sci. 2008;30(5):556- 62.
  • Aşkın GC. İstanbul'un belirli ilçelerindeki eczane eczacılarının ilaç güvenliğindeki yeni yapılanma hakkındaki bilgileri ve farmakovijilansa olan yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul: T.C. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmasötik Toksikoloji ABD; 2012. Erişim tarihi: 8.08.2023.
  • Emerce E. Seçilmiş üç eczacılık fakültesinin 3. 4. ve 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin farmakovijilans konusundaki farkındalık durumu bilgi ve görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ankara: T.C. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Epidemiyoloji Programı; 2019. Erişim tarihi: 8.08.2023.
  • Adepu R. Adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting by community pharmacists: A Review. World J. Pharm. Res. 2014;3(8):1223-1233.
  • Liu J, Zhou Z, Yang S, Feng B, Zhao J, Liu H, el al. Factors that affect adverse drug reaction reporting among hospital pharmacists in western China. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37:457-464.
  • Pirmohamed M, James S, Meakin S, Green C, Scott AK, Walley TJ, et al. Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: Prospective analysis of 18 820 patients. BMJ. 2004;329(7456):15-9.
  • Cacabelos R, Naidoo V, Corzo L, Cacabelos N, Carril JC. Genophenotypic factors and pharmacogenomics in adverse drug reactions. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24):13302.
  • Montané E, Santesmases J. Adverse drug reactions. Med Clin (Barc). 2020;154(5):178-184.
  • Lučić MM, Milošević NP, Martić NB, Paut Kusturica MM, Jovančević VM, Ubavić MB, et al. The role of a pharmacist in pharmacovigilance system. Hosp. Pharm. 2018;5(3):715-27.
  • Andrade PHS, Almeida ACB, Dos Santos AKS, Lobo IMF, Silva FA, Silva WB. Challenges to the consolidation of pharmacovigilance practices in Brazil: Limitations of the hospital pharmacist. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2020;11:2042098620933748.
  • Herdeiro MT, Figueiras A, Polónia J, Gestal- Otero JJ. Influence of pharmacists' attitudes on adverse drug reaction reporting: A case control study in Portugal. Drug Saf. 2006;29(4):331-40.
  • Grootheest VK, Olsson S, Couper M. Pharmacists' role in reporting adverse drug reactions in an international perspective. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(7):457-464.
  • Ozcan G, Aykac E, Kasap Y, Nemutlu NT, Sen E, Aydinkarahaliloglu ND. Adverse drug reaction reporting pattern in Turkey: Analysis of the national database in the context of the first pharmacovigilance legislation. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2016;3(1):33-43.
  • Su C, Ji H, Su Y. Hospital pharmacists' knowledge and opinions regarding adverse drug reaction reporting in northern China. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2010;19:217-222.
  • Elkalmi RM, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MI, Jamshed SQ, Al-Lela OQ. Community pharmacists' attitudes, perceptions, and barriers toward adverse drug reaction reporting in Malaysia: A quantitative insight. J Patient Saf. 2014;10(2):81-87.
  • Suyagh M, Farah D, Abu Farha R. Pharmacist's knowledge, practice and attitudes toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting process. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(2):147-153.
  • Oreagba IA, Ogunleye OJ, Olayemi SO. The knowledge, perceptions and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst community pharmacists in Lagos state, south west Nigeria. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20(1):30-35.
  • Alan S, Ozturk M, Gokyildiz S, Avcibay B, Karatas Y. An evaluation of knowledge of pharmacovigilance among nurses and midwives in Turkey. Indian J Pharmacol. 2013;45(6):616-618.
  • Mahmoud MA, Alswaida Y, Alshammari T, Khan TM, Alrasheedy A, Hassali MA, et al. Community pharmacists' knowledge, behaviors and experiences about adverse drug reaction reporting in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2014;22(5):411-418.
  • Prakasam A, Nidamanuri A, Kumar S. Knowledge, perception and practice of pharmacovigilance among community pharmacists in south India. Pharm Pract. 2012;10(4):222-6.
  • Vural F, Ciftci S, Vural B. The knowledge, attitude and behaviours of nurses about pharmacovigilance, adverse drug reaction and adverse event reporting in a State Hospital. North Clin Istanb. 2014;1(3):147–152.
  • Gavaza P, Brown CM, Lawson KA, Rascati KL, Wilson JP, Steinhardt M. Influence of attitudes on pharmacists’ intention to report serious adverse drug events to the Food and Drug Administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;72(1):143-152.
  • Irujo M, Beitia G, Bes-Rastrollo M, Figueiras A, Hernandez-Diaz S, Lasheras B. Factors that influence under-reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions among community pharmacists in a Spanish region. Drug Saf. 2007;30:1073-1082.
  • Sweis D, Wong IC. A survey on factors that could affect adverse drug reaction reporting according to hospital pharmacists in Great Britain. Drug Saf. 2000;23(2):165–172.
  • Güner MD, Ekmekci PE. Healthcare professionals' pharmacovigilance knowledge and adverse drug reaction reporting behavior and factors determining the reporting rates. J Drug Assess. 2019;8(1):13-20.
  • Khalili H, Mohebbi N, Hendoiee N, Keshtkar AA, Khavidaki SD. Improvement of knowledge, attitude and perception of healthcare workers about ADR, a pre- and postclinical pharmacists’ interventional study. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000367.
  • Reumerman M, Tichelaar J, Piersma B, Richir MC, Van Agtmael MA. Urgent need to modernize pharmacovigilance education in healthcare curricula: Review of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;74(10):1235-48.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Algül Dilara Dokumacı 0000-0002-3703-3952

Yusuf Karataş 0000-0002-2892-5625

Project Number Bu çalışmada herhangi bir proje kapsamında destek alınmamıştır.
Early Pub Date July 11, 2024
Publication Date July 22, 2024
Submission Date August 30, 2023
Acceptance Date November 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Dokumacı AD, Karataş Y. Kahramanmaraş’ta Hastane ve Serbest Eczanelerde Görev Yapan Eczacıların Farmakovijilans Konusundaki Bilgi ve Tutumlarının Araştırılması. KSU Medical Journal. July 2024;19(2):49-58. doi:10.17517/ksutfd.1352385