Mediation Effect of Depression on the Association between Food Addiction and Body Image in Individuals with Obesity

Year 2021, , 576 - 584, 18.10.2021

Esra Usta , Mevlüt Pehlivan

https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.897251

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the mediation effect of depression on the association between food addiction and body dissatisfaction in patients who seek for treatment for obesity.
Methods: The study population consisted of 105 patients admitted to an obesity center in a university hospital. Data from were collected with the patient information form, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Body Image Scale. The direct relationship between food addiction and body dissatisfaction and the mediating effect of depression in the relationship between these two constructs were examined using multi-group structural equation modeling analysis by gender.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.22±10.05, 86.8% of them were females. The mean body mass index of the patients was calculated as 40.29±6.67. It was determined that 38.7% of the sample met the food addiction diagnosis criteria. It was found that 39.1% of females and 35.7% of males had food addiction. As a result of the modeling analysis, it was determined that there was no direct pathway between body dissatisfaction and food addiction, depression symptoms complete mediated the relationship between these two constructs. Results of multi-group analysis showed that the mediation model was consistent across gender.
Conclusion: In the treatment of obesity cases in which food addiction and body image disorders coexist, examining the existence of depression and treating it can increase the success rate.

Keywords

Food addiction, Mediation, Depression, Obesity, Body image

Obezite Sorunu Olan Bireylerde Yeme Bağımlılığı ile Beden İmajı Arasındaki İlişkide Depresyonun Aracılık Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, obezite sorunu olan ve tedavi programına başlamış hastalarda yeme bağımlılığı ile beden memnuniyetsizliği arasındaki ilişkide depresyonun aracılık etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini bir üniversite hastanesinin obezite merkezine başvuran 105 hasta oluşturdu. Veriler hasta bilgi formu, Yale Yeme Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Beden İmajı Skalası ile toplandı. Yeme bağımlılığı ile beden memnuniyetsizliği arasındaki direkt ilişki ve bu iki yapı arasındaki ilişkide depresyonun aracılık etkisi cinsiyetlere göre çoklu grup yapısal eşitlik modellemesi analizi ile incelendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 50,22±10,05 ve %86,8’i kadındı. Hastaların beden kitle indeksi ortalaması 40,29±6,67 olarak hesaplandı. Örneklemin %38,7’sinin yeme bağımlılığı tanı kriterlerini karşıladığı belirlendi. Kadınların %39,1’inde, erkeklerin %35,7’sinde yeme bağımlılığı olduğu saptandı. Modelleme analizi sonucunda yeme bağımlılığı ile beden memnuniyetsizliği arasında doğrudan bir ilişkinin olmadığı, depresyonun bu iki yapı arasındaki ilişkiye tam aracılık ettiği tespit edildi. Çoklu grup analizinin sonuçları, aracılık etkisinin cinsiyetler arasında tutarlı olduğunu gösterdi.
Sonuç: Yeme bağımlılığı ve beden imajı bozukluklarının bir arada olduğu obezite vakalarının tedavisinde depresyon varlığının incelenmesi ve tedavi edilmesi başarı oranını artırabilir.

Keywords

Yeme bağımlılığı, Beden imajı, Depresyon, Obezite, Aracılık

References

• 1. Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2017; 376: 254-66.
• 2. Lerma-Cabrera JM, Carvajal F, Lopez-Legarrea P. Food addiction as a new piece of the obesity framework. Nutr J. 2016; 15: 5. Doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0124-6
• 3. Singh M. Mood, food, and obesity. Front Psychol. 2014; 5: 925. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00925
• 4. Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Food addiction an examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence. J Addict Med. 2009; 3: 1-7. Doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e318193c993
• 5. Wiss DA, Brewerton TM. Incorporating food addiction into disordered eating: the disordered eating food addiction nutrition guide (DEFANG). Eat Weight Disord. 2017; 22(1): 49-59. Doi: 10.1007/s40519-016-0344-y
• 6. Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Lamis DA, Farina B, Fabbricatore M, Contardi A. Body uneasiness is associated with food addiction symptoms: A cross-sectional study. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2018; 26(6): 638-44. Doi: 10.1002/erv.2640
• 7. Nunes-Neto PR, Köhler CA, Schuch FB, Solmi M, Quevedo J, Maes M, et al. Food addiction: Prevalence, psychopathological correlates and associations with quality of life in a large sample. J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 96: 145-52. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.003
• 8. Pedram P, Wadden D, Amini P, Gulliver W, Randell E, Cahill F, et al. Food addiction: Its prevalence and significant association with obesity in the general population. PLoS One. 2013; 8(9): e74832. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074832
• 9. Gearhardt AN, Boswell RG, White MA. The association of "food addiction" with disordered eating and body mass index. Eat Behav. 2014; 15(3): 427-33. Doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.05.001
• 10. Chao AM, Shaw JA, Pearl RL, Alamuddin N, Hopkins CM, Bakizada ZM, et al. Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of food addiction in persons with obesity seeking weight reduction. Compr Psychiatry. 2017; 73: 97-104. Doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.009
• 11. Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Contardi A, Continisio M, Tamburello S, Lamis DA, et al. The association among food addiction, binge eating severity and psychopathology in obese and overweight patients attending low-energy-diet therapy. Compr Psychiatry. 2014 55(6): 1358-62. Doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.04.023
• 12. Eichen DM, Lent MR, Goldbacher E, Foster GD. Exploration of "food addiction" in overweight and obese treatment-seeking adults. Appetite. 2013; 67: 22-4. Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.008
• 13. Özkan İ, Devrim A, Bilgiç P. Hafif şişman ve obez kadınlarda yeme bağımlılığı ile beslenme durumu ve depresyon ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Bes Diy Derg. 2017; 45(3): 242-49.
• 14. Ouellette AS, Rodrigue C, Lemieux S, Tchernof A, Biertho L, Bégin C, et al. An examination of the mechanisms and personality traits underlying food addiction among individuals with severe obesity awaiting bariatric surgery. Eat Weight Disord. 2017; 22(4): 633-40. Doi: 10.1007/s40519-017-0440-7
• 15. Pepino MY, Stein RI, Eagon JC, Klein S, et al. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss causes remission of food addiction in extreme obesity. Obesity. 2014; 22(8): 1792-8. Doi: 10.1002/oby.20797
• 16. Clark SM, Saules KK. Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale among a weight-loss surgery population. Eat Behav. 2013; 14(2): 216-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.01.002
• 17. Şanlier N, Türközü D, Toka O. Body image, food addiction, depression, and body mass index in university students. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 2016; 55(6): 491-507. Doi: 10.1080/03670244.2016.1219951
• 18. Pursey KM, Stanwell P, Gearhardt AN, Collins CE, Burrows TL. The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2014; 6(10): 4552-90. Doi: 10.3390/nu6104552
• 19. Burmeister JM, Hinman N, Koball A, Hoffmann DA, Carels RA. Food addiction in adults seeking weight loss treatment. Implications for psychosocial health and weight loss. Appetite. 2013; 60(1): 103-10. Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.013
• 20. Bourdier L, Orri M, Carre A, Gearhardt AN, Romo L, Dantzer C, et al. Are emotionally driven and addictive-like eating behaviors the missing links between psychological distress and greater body weight? Appetite. 2018; 1(120): 536-46. Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.013.
• 21. Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Obesity and body image. Body Image. 2004; 1(1): 43-56.
• 22. Meule A. Back by popular demand: a narrative review of the history of food addiction research. Yale J Biol Med. 2015; 88(3): 295-302.
• 23. Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Appetite. 2009; 52(2): 430-6. Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.003
• 24. Bayraktar F, Erkman F, Kurtuluş E. Adaptation study of yale food addiction scale. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 2012; 22(1): 38.
• 25. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. BDI- 2 Beck Depression Inventory. TX: The Psychological Corporation San Antonio; 1996.
• 26. Hisli N. Beck depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989; 7(23): 3-13.
• 27. Secord PF, Jourard SM. The appraisal of body-cathexis: Body-cathexis and the self. Journal of Consulting Psychology. 1953; 17(5): 343-47.
• 28. Hovardaoğlu S. Vücut algısı ölçeği. Psikiyatri, Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi. 1993; 1(1): 26.
• 29. Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 3th ed. The Guilford Press: London New York; 2011.
• 30. Gürbüz S. Amos ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. Seçkin Akademik ve Mesleki Yayınlar: Ankara, Turkey; 2019.
• 31. Rodrigue C, Ouellette AS, Lemieuxi S. Executive functioning and psychological symptoms in food addiction: a study among individuals with severe obesity. Eat Weight Disord. 2018; 23(4): 469-78. Doi: 10.1007/s40519-018-0530
• 32. Nightingale BA, Cassin SE. Disordered eating among individuals with excess weight: a review of recent research. Curr Obes Rep. 2019; 8(2): 112-27. Doi: 10.1007/s13679-019-00333-5
• 33. Grilo CM, Masheb RM. Correlates of body image dissatisfaction in treatment-seeking men and women with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2005; 38(2): 162-6. Doi: 10.1002/eat.20162
• 34. Wardle J, Waller J, Rapoport L. Body dissatisfaction and binge eating in obese women: the role of restraint and depression. Obes Res. 2001; 9(12): 778-87. Doi: 10.1038/oby.2001.107
• 35. Stice E. A prospective test of the dual-pathway model of bulimic pathology: mediating effects of dieting and negative affect. J Abnorm Psychol. 2001; 110(1): 124-35. Doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.110.1.124
• 36. Ackard DM, Croll JK, Kearney-Cookei A. Dieting frequency among college females: association with disordered eating, body image, and related psychological problems. J Psychosom Res. 2002; 52(3): 129-36. Doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00269-0
• 37. Brechan I, Kvalem IL. Relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: mediating role of self-esteem and depression. Eat Behav. 2015; 17: 49-58. Doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.008
• 38. Meule A. Food addiction and body-mass-index: a non-linear relationship. Med Hypotheses. 2012; 79(4): 508-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.005