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Marcia'dan Günümüze: Statü ve Süreç Modelleri Bağlamında Bir Derleme

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 144 - 152, 19.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.16

Abstract

Erikson’un çalışmalarıana dayanan Marcia’nın Kimlik Statüleri kuramı, birçok kimlik araştırmasına temel oluşturmaktadır. Marcia’nın tanımlamış olduğu statülerden en bilinen kategoriyi her ne kadar kimlik statüleri oluştursa da, ileri ergenlikten yaşlılık dönemine kadar her bir evreye özgü statüler bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu statüler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla bireylerin anlatılarına dayandığından, kimlik çalışmalarında oldukça yeni bir alan olan anlatı kimlik yaklaşımı dikkat çekmektedir. Kişisel amaç, bütünlük ve anlam oluşturma gibi işlevlere sahip olan anlatı kimlik yaklaşımı; diğer kimlik çalışmalarında olduğu gibi, Erikson’un çalışmalarına dayanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Marcia, yapmış olduğu görüşmelerde hem Erikson’un çalışmalarına dayanan anlatı kimlik yaklaşımını hem de Erikson’un kimlik gelişimine ilişkin açıklamalarını ele almıştır. Öte yandan Marcia’nın görüşlerinden etkilenen ve son yıllarda kimlik gelişiminde sürece odaklanan modeller de kimlik alanyazınına ilişkin güncel bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, öncelikle psikososyal evrelerdeki statülerin her biri ele alınmakta, ardından anlatı kimlik yaklaşımına ilişkin kuramsal temel sunulmaktadır. Son olarak, kimliği süreç bağlamında ele alan beş boyutlu kimlik biçimlenmesi modeli ile üç boyutlu kimlik gelişimi modeli yer almaktadır.

References

  • Adams, G. R., & Gullotta T. P. (1989). Adolescent life experiences. New York: Brooks Cole Publishing Company.
  • Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2001). Determinants and mechanisms in ego identity development: A review and synthesis. Developmental Review, 21, 39–66.
  • Crocetti, E., & Meeus, W. (2015). The identity statuses: Strengths of a person-centered approach. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 97–114). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (2008). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal Youth Adolescents, 37, 983-996.
  • Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 207-222.
  • Çok, F., Morsünbül, Ü., & Atak, H. (2018). Yetişkinliğe geçiş ve kimlik. T. Bildik (Ed.), Ergenlik dönemi ve ruhsal bozukluklar içinde (s. 27-33). Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • Demir, İ. (2007). Gençlerin kimlik yapıları: Farklı yerellikler ekseninde nitel bir inceleme. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Demir, İ. (2009). Gençlerin kimlik statülerinin kültürel karşılaştırması: İstanbul-Nusaybin örneği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 16(3), 129-136.
  • Demir Kaya, M. (2019). Genç kadınlarda kendini susturma ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin kimlik işlevleri üzerindeki etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ergün, N. (2020). Kimlik Gelişimi: Anlatı Kimliği ve Kuşaklararası Anlatı Kimliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12(4), 455-475.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1994). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton. (Reprinted from Identity, youth and crisis, 1968, New York: Norton)
  • Erikson, E. H., Erikson, J. M., & Kivnick, H. Q. (1986). Vital involvement in old age. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
  • Freeman, M. (2015). Discerning oneself: A plea for the whole. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 182-191). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Goossens, L. (2001). Global versus domain-specific in identity research: A comparsion of two self-report measures, Journal of Adolescence, 24, 681-689.
  • Habermas, T., & Köber, C. (2015). Autobiographical reasoning is constitutive for narrative identity: The role of the life story for personal continuity. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 149–165). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Hammack, P. L. (2015). Theoretical foundations of identity. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 11–30). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Josselson, R., & Flum, H. (2015). Identity status: On refinding the people. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 132-146). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Korobov, N. (2015). Identities as an ınteractional process. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 210-227). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kroger, J. (2015). Identity development through adulthood: The move toward “Wholeness”. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 65–80). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kroger, J., Martinussen, M., & Marcia, J. E. (2010). Developmental patterns of identity status change: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 683-698.
  • Lilgendahl, J. P. (2015). The dynamic role of identity processes in personality development: Theories, patterns, and new directions. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 490–507). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2006). Unpacking commitment and exploration: Preliminary validation of an integrative model of late adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 361–378.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 58–82.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1989). Identity and intervention. Journal of Adolescence, 12(4), 401-410.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1993). The relational roots of identity. In J. Kroger (Ed.), Discussions on ego identity. Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(1), 7-28.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2014). From industry to integrity. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 14, 165–176.
  • Marcia, J. E., & Josselson, R. (2013). Eriksonian personality research and its implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Personality, 81(6), 617-629.
  • Marcia, J. E., Waterman, A. S., Matteson, D. R., Archer, S. A., & Orlofsky, J. S. (2011). Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. (Original work published 1993).
  • McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217.
  • McAdams, D. P., & Zapata-Gietl, C. (2015). Three strands of identity development across the human life course: Reading Erik Erikson in full. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 81-94). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • McLean, K. C., & Pratt, M. W. (2006). Life’s little (and big) lessons: Identity statuses and meaning-making in the turning point narratives of emerging adults. Developmental Psychology, 42, 714-722.
  • McLean, K. C., Shucard, H., & Syed, M. (2017). Applying the master narrative framework to gender identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 5(2), 93-105.
  • McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (2017). Narrative identity. In S. Hupp & J. Jewll (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2013). Ergenlikte kimlik statüleri ve risk alma arasındaki ilişki. İlköğretim Online, 12(2), 347‐355.
  • Morsunbul, U., Crocetti, E., Cok, F., & Meeus, W. (2016). Identity statuses and psychosocial functioning in Turkish youth: A person-centered approach. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 145-155.
  • Morsünbül, Ü., & Çok, F. (2013). Kimlik gelişiminde yeni bir boyut: Seçeneklerin saplantılı araştırılması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40).
  • Özdikmenli Demir, G. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kimlik gelişiminde sosyal ve kimlik sermayelerinin rolü. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Pasupathi, M. (2015). Autobiographical reasoning and my discontent: Alternative paths from narrative to identity. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 166–181). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Roca, Z., & Oliveira Roca, M. N. (2007). Affirmation of territorial identity: A development policy issue. Land Use Policy, 24(2), 434-442.
  • Schachter, E. P. (2015). Integrating internal, interactional, and external perspectives: Identity process as the formulation of accountable claims regarding selves. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 228-245). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Schwartz, S. J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research: A review and integration. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 1, 7–58.
  • Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., & Crocetti, E. (2015). What have we learned since Schwartz (2001)?: A reappraisal of the field of identity development. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 539-561). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Singer, J. A., & Kasmark, A. M. (2015). A translational research approach to narrative identity in psychotherapy. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 355-368). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Stephen, J., Fraser, E., & Marcia, J. E. (1992). Lifespan identity development: Variables related to Moratorium-Achievement (MAMA) cycles. Journal of Adolescence, 15, 283–300.
  • Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2008). A narrative approach to ethnic identity in emerging adulthood: Bringing life to the identity status model. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1012-1027.
  • Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2010). Narrative and ethnic identity exploration: A longitudinal account of emerging adults’ ethnicity-related experiences. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 208-219.
  • Uzman E. (2002). Sosyal destek düzeyleri farklı üniversite öğrencilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre kimlik statüleri (Doktora Tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2002.
  • Waterman, A. S. (2015). What does it mean to engage in identity exploration and to hold identity commitments? A methodological critique of multidimensional measures for the study of identity processes. An International Journal of Theory and Research, 15(4), 309-349.
Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 144 - 152, 19.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.16

Abstract

References

  • Adams, G. R., & Gullotta T. P. (1989). Adolescent life experiences. New York: Brooks Cole Publishing Company.
  • Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2001). Determinants and mechanisms in ego identity development: A review and synthesis. Developmental Review, 21, 39–66.
  • Crocetti, E., & Meeus, W. (2015). The identity statuses: Strengths of a person-centered approach. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 97–114). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., Luyckx, K., & Meeus, W. (2008). Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses. Journal Youth Adolescents, 37, 983-996.
  • Crocetti, E., Rubini, M., & Meeus, W. (2008). Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three-dimensional model. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 207-222.
  • Çok, F., Morsünbül, Ü., & Atak, H. (2018). Yetişkinliğe geçiş ve kimlik. T. Bildik (Ed.), Ergenlik dönemi ve ruhsal bozukluklar içinde (s. 27-33). Türkiye Klinikleri.
  • Demir, İ. (2007). Gençlerin kimlik yapıları: Farklı yerellikler ekseninde nitel bir inceleme. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Demir, İ. (2009). Gençlerin kimlik statülerinin kültürel karşılaştırması: İstanbul-Nusaybin örneği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 16(3), 129-136.
  • Demir Kaya, M. (2019). Genç kadınlarda kendini susturma ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin kimlik işlevleri üzerindeki etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Ergün, N. (2020). Kimlik Gelişimi: Anlatı Kimliği ve Kuşaklararası Anlatı Kimliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12(4), 455-475.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1994). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton. (Reprinted from Identity, youth and crisis, 1968, New York: Norton)
  • Erikson, E. H., Erikson, J. M., & Kivnick, H. Q. (1986). Vital involvement in old age. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
  • Freeman, M. (2015). Discerning oneself: A plea for the whole. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 182-191). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Goossens, L. (2001). Global versus domain-specific in identity research: A comparsion of two self-report measures, Journal of Adolescence, 24, 681-689.
  • Habermas, T., & Köber, C. (2015). Autobiographical reasoning is constitutive for narrative identity: The role of the life story for personal continuity. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 149–165). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Hammack, P. L. (2015). Theoretical foundations of identity. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 11–30). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Josselson, R., & Flum, H. (2015). Identity status: On refinding the people. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 132-146). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Korobov, N. (2015). Identities as an ınteractional process. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 210-227). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kroger, J. (2015). Identity development through adulthood: The move toward “Wholeness”. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 65–80). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Kroger, J., Martinussen, M., & Marcia, J. E. (2010). Developmental patterns of identity status change: A meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 683-698.
  • Lilgendahl, J. P. (2015). The dynamic role of identity processes in personality development: Theories, patterns, and new directions. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 490–507). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2006). Unpacking commitment and exploration: Preliminary validation of an integrative model of late adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 361–378.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 58–82.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1989). Identity and intervention. Journal of Adolescence, 12(4), 401-410.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1993). The relational roots of identity. In J. Kroger (Ed.), Discussions on ego identity. Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(1), 7-28.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2014). From industry to integrity. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 14, 165–176.
  • Marcia, J. E., & Josselson, R. (2013). Eriksonian personality research and its implications for psychotherapy. Journal of Personality, 81(6), 617-629.
  • Marcia, J. E., Waterman, A. S., Matteson, D. R., Archer, S. A., & Orlofsky, J. S. (2011). Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. (Original work published 1993).
  • McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217.
  • McAdams, D. P., & Zapata-Gietl, C. (2015). Three strands of identity development across the human life course: Reading Erik Erikson in full. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 81-94). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • McLean, K. C., & Pratt, M. W. (2006). Life’s little (and big) lessons: Identity statuses and meaning-making in the turning point narratives of emerging adults. Developmental Psychology, 42, 714-722.
  • McLean, K. C., Shucard, H., & Syed, M. (2017). Applying the master narrative framework to gender identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 5(2), 93-105.
  • McLean, K. C., & Syed, M. (2017). Narrative identity. In S. Hupp & J. Jewll (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2013). Ergenlikte kimlik statüleri ve risk alma arasındaki ilişki. İlköğretim Online, 12(2), 347‐355.
  • Morsunbul, U., Crocetti, E., Cok, F., & Meeus, W. (2016). Identity statuses and psychosocial functioning in Turkish youth: A person-centered approach. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 145-155.
  • Morsünbül, Ü., & Çok, F. (2013). Kimlik gelişiminde yeni bir boyut: Seçeneklerin saplantılı araştırılması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40).
  • Özdikmenli Demir, G. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerinin kimlik gelişiminde sosyal ve kimlik sermayelerinin rolü. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Pasupathi, M. (2015). Autobiographical reasoning and my discontent: Alternative paths from narrative to identity. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 166–181). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Roca, Z., & Oliveira Roca, M. N. (2007). Affirmation of territorial identity: A development policy issue. Land Use Policy, 24(2), 434-442.
  • Schachter, E. P. (2015). Integrating internal, interactional, and external perspectives: Identity process as the formulation of accountable claims regarding selves. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 228-245). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Schwartz, S. J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research: A review and integration. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 1, 7–58.
  • Schwartz, S. J., Luyckx, K., & Crocetti, E. (2015). What have we learned since Schwartz (2001)?: A reappraisal of the field of identity development. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 539-561). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Singer, J. A., & Kasmark, A. M. (2015). A translational research approach to narrative identity in psychotherapy. In K. C. McLean & M. Syed (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 355-368). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Stephen, J., Fraser, E., & Marcia, J. E. (1992). Lifespan identity development: Variables related to Moratorium-Achievement (MAMA) cycles. Journal of Adolescence, 15, 283–300.
  • Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2008). A narrative approach to ethnic identity in emerging adulthood: Bringing life to the identity status model. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1012-1027.
  • Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2010). Narrative and ethnic identity exploration: A longitudinal account of emerging adults’ ethnicity-related experiences. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 208-219.
  • Uzman E. (2002). Sosyal destek düzeyleri farklı üniversite öğrencilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre kimlik statüleri (Doktora Tezi). Ankara, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2002.
  • Waterman, A. S. (2015). What does it mean to engage in identity exploration and to hold identity commitments? A methodological critique of multidimensional measures for the study of identity processes. An International Journal of Theory and Research, 15(4), 309-349.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Meva Demir Kaya

Figen Çok This is me

Publication Date June 19, 2021
Acceptance Date May 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir Kaya, M., & Çok, F. (2021). Marcia’dan Günümüze: Statü ve Süreç Modelleri Bağlamında Bir Derleme. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(2), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.16