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Dilencilere yönelik tutum ölçeği: Geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 35 - 58, 28.06.2023

Abstract

Dilencilik insanlık tarihiyle birlikte ortaya çıkmıştır ve çoğu kültürde etkili olmuştur. Dilencilik, bütün ülkelerde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de görünürlüğü gittikçe artan toplumsal bir sorundur. Bu sorunun daha iyi anlaşılması ve insanların dilencilere yardım ederken hangi gerekçelerle bunu yaptıklarının bilinmesi, bu toplumsal sorunun önlenmesinde önemlidir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı insanların dilencilere yönelik tutumlarını belirleyen bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2022-2023 öğretim döneminde geliştirilen 22 maddelik ölçek internet üzerinden çeşitli platformlarda yayımlanmış ve çalışma 105’i erkek 130’u kadın olmak üzere toplam 235 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler ışığında hem açımlayıcı hem de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda dilencilere yönelik olumlu ve dilencilere yönelik olumsuz tutumlardan oluşan iki boyutlu 16 maddelik bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen dilencilere yönelik tutum ölçeğinin psikometrik özelliklerinin, ölçeğin Türk halkı için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Adler, M. (1999). Public attitudes to begging: Theory in search of data. In Dean, H. (ed.) Begging questions: Street-Level economic activity and social policy failure. The Policy Press.
  • Ahmadi, H. (2010). A study of beggars’ characteristics and attitudes of people towards the phenomenon of begging in the city of Shiraz.
  • Andy, F. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for Windows: Advanced techniques for beginners. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publications.
  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J. & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18 (6), 1-13.
  • Bose, R. & Hwang, S. W. (2002) Income and spending patterns among panhandlers, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 167 (5), 477–479.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Yayınları.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). Eğitim istatistiği yüksek lisans ders notları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Collins, D. & Blomley, N. (2003). Private needs and public space: politics, poverty, and anti-panhandling by-laws in Canadian cities. In Law Commission of Canada, new perspectives on the public–private divide. University of British Columbia, 40–68.
  • Cryns, A. G. (1977). Social work education and student ideology: A multi variate study of professional socialization. Journal of Education for Social Work, 13, 44-51.
  • Çanakçı, O. (2008). Matematik problem çözme tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve Lirsel uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Pegem Yayınları.
  • Dean, H. (1999). Begging questions: Street-Level economic activity and social policy failure. The Policy Press.
  • Devine, P. G. (1995). Prejudice and out-group perception. In A. Tesser (Ed.), Advanced social psychology (467–524). McGraw-Hill.
  • Dinitto, D. M. (2000). Social welfare: Politics and public policy (5th ed.). MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • D'Hondt, W. & Vandewiele, M. (1984). Beggary in West Africa. Journal of Adolescence, 7 (1), 59-72.
  • Duckitt, J. (1994). The social psychology of prejudice. CT: Praeger.
  • Eagly, A. & Chaiken, S. (1998). Attitude structure. Handbook of social psychology, 1, 269-322.
  • Fawole, O. A., Ogunkan, D.V. & Omoruan, A. (2011). The menace of begging in Nigerian cities: A sociological analysis. International Journal of sociology and Anthropology, 3 (1), 9-14.
  • Feagin, J. R. (1975). Subord eating the poor: Welfare and American beliefs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Fooks, G. & Pantazis, C. (1999). The criminalization of homelessness, begging, and street living. In Homelessness (123-160). Policy Press.
  • Gmelch, G. & Gmelch, S, B. (1974) Begging in Dublin: The strategies of a marginal occupation, Urban Life, 6 (4), 439-454.
  • Golding, P. (1982). It’s the poor who gets the blame. New Society,60, 12-13.
  • Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Heilman, S. C. (1975). The gift of alms: Face-to-face giving among Orthodox Jews, Urban Life, and Culture, 3 (4), 371-395.
  • İşçil, H. Ş. (2019). Yoksul insanlar neden bağış yapar? Kadıköy Belediyesi Mavi yakalı çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma, [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Jelili, M. O. (2006). Environmental and socio-economic dimensions of begging in Ilorin and Ogbomoso, [Unpublished M. Tech dissertation], Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Khan, J., Shamshad & Menka. (2013). Beggars in rural areas: A socioeconomic analysis. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 14 (6), 122-129.
  • Kutlu, İ. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal bir sorun olarak dilenciliğe bakışı: Sakarya üniversitesi örneği, [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Sakarya Universitesi.
  • Kwankye, S. O., Anarfi, J. K., Tagoe, C. A. & Castaldo, A. (2007). Coping strategies of independent child migrants from northern Ghana to southern cities. Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty Working Paper Series, University of Sussex.
  • Lewis, R. (1998). Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, deforestation, and social change in West Virginia, 1880–1920. Chapel Hill: Univ. N. C. Press
  • McIntosh, I. & Erskine, A. (2000). “Money for nothing”: Understanding giving to beggars. Sociological Research Online, 5 (1), 107-115.
  • Meir-Dviri, M. & Raz, A. E. (1995). Rituals of exchange in the social world of Israeli beggars: An exploratory study. Symbolic Interaction 18 (2), 99–119.
  • Meydan, C. H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (AMOS Uygulamaları). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Mitullah, W. (2003). Understanding slums: Case Studies for the Global Report on Human Settlements 2003: The Case of Nairobi, Kenya”. UN-HABITAT, Nairobi.
  • Molsa (1992). Study on begging in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia: Action Oriented Addis Ababa.
  • Mullaly, R. P. (2007). The new structural social work. Oxford University Press.
  • Murdoch, A. (1994). We are human too: A study of people who beg. London. Crisis.
  • Ogunkan, D. V. & Fawole, O. A. (2009). Incidence and socio-economic dimensions of begging in Nigerian cities: The case of Ogbomoso. International NGO Journal, 4, 498–503.
  • Oktay, E., Demir, A. & Altun, S. (2020). Dilencilere yardım etme sıklığı üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin araştırılması: Erzurum ili örneği. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (82), 61-76.
  • Peters, S. & Chimedza, R. (2000) Conscientization and the cultural politics of education: a radical minority perspective, Comparative Education Review, 44 (3), 245–271.
  • Roblee-Hertzmark, A. (2012). Beggars in three countries: Morocco, India, and the United States.
  • Rugoho, T. & Siziba, B., (2014). Rejected people: Beggars with disabilities in the City of Harare, Zimbabwe. Developing Country Studies 4 (26), 51–56.
  • Schumacker, R. E. & Lomax, R. G. (2004). Beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Shichor, D. & Ellis, R. (1981). Begging in Israel: An exploratory study. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2,109–125.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3 (6), 49-74.
  • Vatandaş, C. (2002). Dilenciler ve dilencilik. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4/1.
  • Wardhaugh, J. (1996). Homeless in Chinatown: Deviance and control in Cardboard City, Sociology, 30 (4), 710-716.
  • Wheaton, B., Muthén, B., Alwin, D. F. & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. D. R Heise (Ed.), Sociological methodology (84–136). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Williams, B. F. (1995). The Public I/Eye: Conducting fieldwork to do homework on homelessness and begging in two U.S. Cities, Current Anthropology, 36 (1), 25-51.

Attitude scale towards beggars: Validity and reliability study

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 35 - 58, 28.06.2023

Abstract

Begging has emerged in the history of humanity and has been influential in most cultures. Begging is a social problem whose visibility is increasing in Turkey, as in other countries. A better understanding of this problem and the reasons why people do this while helping beggars are important in preventing this social problem. Therefore, the study aims to develop a scale that determines people's attitudes towards beggars. For this purpose, the 22-item scale developed in the 2022-2023 academic year was published on various platforms over the internet and the study was carried out with a total of 235 participants, 105 men and 130 women. In light of the data, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. As a result of the analyses, a two-dimensional 16-item scale consisting of positive attitudes towards beggars and negative attitudes towards beggars was developed. The psychometric properties of the developed attitude scale towards beggars showed that the scale could be valid and reliable for Turkish people.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Adler, M. (1999). Public attitudes to begging: Theory in search of data. In Dean, H. (ed.) Begging questions: Street-Level economic activity and social policy failure. The Policy Press.
  • Ahmadi, H. (2010). A study of beggars’ characteristics and attitudes of people towards the phenomenon of begging in the city of Shiraz.
  • Andy, F. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for Windows: Advanced techniques for beginners. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publications.
  • Beavers, A. S., Lounsbury, J. W., Richards, J. K., Huck, S. W., Skolits, G. J. & Esquivel, S. L. (2013). Practical considerations for using exploratory factor analysis in educational research. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18 (6), 1-13.
  • Bose, R. & Hwang, S. W. (2002) Income and spending patterns among panhandlers, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 167 (5), 477–479.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Yayınları.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). Eğitim istatistiği yüksek lisans ders notları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Collins, D. & Blomley, N. (2003). Private needs and public space: politics, poverty, and anti-panhandling by-laws in Canadian cities. In Law Commission of Canada, new perspectives on the public–private divide. University of British Columbia, 40–68.
  • Cryns, A. G. (1977). Social work education and student ideology: A multi variate study of professional socialization. Journal of Education for Social Work, 13, 44-51.
  • Çanakçı, O. (2008). Matematik problem çözme tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve Lirsel uygulamaları (2. Baskı). Pegem Yayınları.
  • Dean, H. (1999). Begging questions: Street-Level economic activity and social policy failure. The Policy Press.
  • Devine, P. G. (1995). Prejudice and out-group perception. In A. Tesser (Ed.), Advanced social psychology (467–524). McGraw-Hill.
  • Dinitto, D. M. (2000). Social welfare: Politics and public policy (5th ed.). MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • D'Hondt, W. & Vandewiele, M. (1984). Beggary in West Africa. Journal of Adolescence, 7 (1), 59-72.
  • Duckitt, J. (1994). The social psychology of prejudice. CT: Praeger.
  • Eagly, A. & Chaiken, S. (1998). Attitude structure. Handbook of social psychology, 1, 269-322.
  • Fawole, O. A., Ogunkan, D.V. & Omoruan, A. (2011). The menace of begging in Nigerian cities: A sociological analysis. International Journal of sociology and Anthropology, 3 (1), 9-14.
  • Feagin, J. R. (1975). Subord eating the poor: Welfare and American beliefs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Fooks, G. & Pantazis, C. (1999). The criminalization of homelessness, begging, and street living. In Homelessness (123-160). Policy Press.
  • Gmelch, G. & Gmelch, S, B. (1974) Begging in Dublin: The strategies of a marginal occupation, Urban Life, 6 (4), 439-454.
  • Golding, P. (1982). It’s the poor who gets the blame. New Society,60, 12-13.
  • Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Heilman, S. C. (1975). The gift of alms: Face-to-face giving among Orthodox Jews, Urban Life, and Culture, 3 (4), 371-395.
  • İşçil, H. Ş. (2019). Yoksul insanlar neden bağış yapar? Kadıköy Belediyesi Mavi yakalı çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma, [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Jelili, M. O. (2006). Environmental and socio-economic dimensions of begging in Ilorin and Ogbomoso, [Unpublished M. Tech dissertation], Ladoke Akintola University of Technology.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Khan, J., Shamshad & Menka. (2013). Beggars in rural areas: A socioeconomic analysis. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 14 (6), 122-129.
  • Kutlu, İ. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal bir sorun olarak dilenciliğe bakışı: Sakarya üniversitesi örneği, [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Sakarya Universitesi.
  • Kwankye, S. O., Anarfi, J. K., Tagoe, C. A. & Castaldo, A. (2007). Coping strategies of independent child migrants from northern Ghana to southern cities. Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty Working Paper Series, University of Sussex.
  • Lewis, R. (1998). Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, deforestation, and social change in West Virginia, 1880–1920. Chapel Hill: Univ. N. C. Press
  • McIntosh, I. & Erskine, A. (2000). “Money for nothing”: Understanding giving to beggars. Sociological Research Online, 5 (1), 107-115.
  • Meir-Dviri, M. & Raz, A. E. (1995). Rituals of exchange in the social world of Israeli beggars: An exploratory study. Symbolic Interaction 18 (2), 99–119.
  • Meydan, C. H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (AMOS Uygulamaları). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Mitullah, W. (2003). Understanding slums: Case Studies for the Global Report on Human Settlements 2003: The Case of Nairobi, Kenya”. UN-HABITAT, Nairobi.
  • Molsa (1992). Study on begging in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia: Action Oriented Addis Ababa.
  • Mullaly, R. P. (2007). The new structural social work. Oxford University Press.
  • Murdoch, A. (1994). We are human too: A study of people who beg. London. Crisis.
  • Ogunkan, D. V. & Fawole, O. A. (2009). Incidence and socio-economic dimensions of begging in Nigerian cities: The case of Ogbomoso. International NGO Journal, 4, 498–503.
  • Oktay, E., Demir, A. & Altun, S. (2020). Dilencilere yardım etme sıklığı üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin araştırılması: Erzurum ili örneği. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (82), 61-76.
  • Peters, S. & Chimedza, R. (2000) Conscientization and the cultural politics of education: a radical minority perspective, Comparative Education Review, 44 (3), 245–271.
  • Roblee-Hertzmark, A. (2012). Beggars in three countries: Morocco, India, and the United States.
  • Rugoho, T. & Siziba, B., (2014). Rejected people: Beggars with disabilities in the City of Harare, Zimbabwe. Developing Country Studies 4 (26), 51–56.
  • Schumacker, R. E. & Lomax, R. G. (2004). Beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Shichor, D. & Ellis, R. (1981). Begging in Israel: An exploratory study. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2,109–125.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3 (6), 49-74.
  • Vatandaş, C. (2002). Dilenciler ve dilencilik. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4/1.
  • Wardhaugh, J. (1996). Homeless in Chinatown: Deviance and control in Cardboard City, Sociology, 30 (4), 710-716.
  • Wheaton, B., Muthén, B., Alwin, D. F. & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. D. R Heise (Ed.), Sociological methodology (84–136). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Williams, B. F. (1995). The Public I/Eye: Conducting fieldwork to do homework on homelessness and begging in two U.S. Cities, Current Anthropology, 36 (1), 25-51.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nesrin Demir This is me 0009-0001-3688-6478

Şeyma Nesrin Demirok This is me 0009-0007-6214-3305

Cerenay Gülbahçe This is me 0009-0003-1036-8917

Ömer Erdoğan 0000-0003-2138-3066

Project Number Yok
Publication Date June 28, 2023
Submission Date June 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demir, N., Demirok, Ş. N., Gülbahçe, C., Erdoğan, Ö. (2023). Dilencilere yönelik tutum ölçeği: Geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 35-58.