Seküler Modernitenin Bilişsel Sosyolojik Portresi: Gecikmiş Modernitede Bir Algısal Deneyim Çalışması

Year 2023, Issue: 17, 247 - 271, 10.06.2023

Ethem Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.1286645

Abstract

16. yüzyılda başlayan reform oluşumları, bir asır sonra Aydınlanma sürecini getirirken, rasyonelleşmeyi ve sekülerleşmeyi birbirine bağladı. Reformasyon sürecinde öne çıkmaya başlayan katı bilimsel görüşler, 16. yüzyılda Galileo Galilei ile ve bir asır sonra da Newton ile rüştünü ispatlayınca, benzer dalga sosyal alanda da vuku buldu. O zamana kadar egemen olan gelenek, yani kilise, despotik otorite ve kültürel yapı, bilimsel, felsefi görüşlerle sorgulanmaya girişildi. Çok boyutlu bir dönüşümü işaret eden Aydınlanma süreci, oldukça karmaşık ve açıklama açısından, bir o kadar da tartışmalı bir dönemdir. Makalede, Batı medeniyetinde ortaya çıkan Aydınlanma, rasyonelleşme ve sekülerleşme süreçlerinin, ülkemizde yapılagelen kavramsallaştırmalarında, gecikmiş modernitenin özgünlüğünün dikkate alınmamasından kaynaklanan yöntem yanlışlarının olduğu savunuldu. Bu amaçla, modern çağın bilişsel kabiliyetlerini inşa eden bu sürecin, bilişsel sosyolojik açıdan ele alınması gerektiği ileri sürüldü. Düşünsel ve sosyo-kültürel yapıyı kısıtlayan katı dini yapının kırılarak, deneysel düşüncenin pratik olarak hayata geçirilme süreci olan seküler modernite, algısal deneyim çalışması biçiminde inşa edildi. Aydınlanma sürecinin kasıtlı rasyonellikle ortaya çıkardığı seküler modernitenin, dil ve dini, dönüşlü etkileşime tabi kılarak, aklın evrensel algısını ve gerçekliğin yerel standartlarını nasıl artırdığı incelendi. Bu bağlamda, seküler dil ile dinin yapının etkileşimli süreci ortaya çıkarılarak, sekülerleşmenin algısal deneyime dayalı olduğu savı bilişsel olarak yapılandırıldı.

Keywords

bilişsel sosyoloji, bilişsel dilbilim, sekülerleşme, Aydınlanma, Aaron Cicourel

Cognitive Sociological Portrait of Secular Modernity: The Study of Perceptual Experience in Delayed Modernity

Abstract

The reform formations which began in the 16th century linked rationalization and secularization, bringing the Enlightenment process a century later. When the strict scientific views that came to the fore in the reform process came of Age with Galileo Galilei in the 16th century and Newton a century later, the same wave spread to the social sphere. The tradition that had dominated until then, namely the church, the despotic authority and the cultural structure, was attempted to be challenged by scientific and philosophical views. The Enlightenment process, which marks a multi-dimensional transformation, is a very complex and contentious period in terms of explanation. In the article, it was argued that there are methodological errors in the conceptualizations of the Enlightenment, rationalization, and secularization processes that emerged in Western civilization, resulting from not taking into account the originality of delayed modernity. For this purpose, it has been argued that this process, which builds the cognitive abilities of the modern age, should be addressed from a cognitive sociological perspective. Secular modernity, which is the process of putting experimental thought into practice by breaking the rigid religious structure that restricts the intellectual and socio-cultural structure, was built in the form of perceptual experience work. It is examined how secular modernity, which the enlightenment process uncovered with deliberate rationality, increased the universal perception of the mind and the local standards of reality by subjecting language and religion to reflexive interaction. In this context, by revealing the interactive process of secular language and religion, the argument that secularization is based on perceptual experience was cognitively structured.

Keywords

cognitive sociology, cognitive linguistics, secularization, Enlightenment, Aaron Cicourel

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