Politik Doğruculuğu Karşıtıyla Düşünmek: Anti – Politik Doğruculuk

Year 2023, , 291 - 317, 14.09.2023

Mehmet Akif Kumtepe

https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1308858

Abstract

1960’ların sonlarında Amerikan Üniversitelerinde ilk olarak ortaya çıktığında Politik doğruculuk kavramı, en genel haliyle konuşurken ve davranışlarımızla başta etnik, dinsel, kültürel ve cinsel azınlıkları olmak üzere başkalarını incitecek ifade ve davranışlardan kaçınmayı ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. 1980’lerin sonlarından itibaren politik doğruculuk üniversite kampüslerinin dışına taşarak Amerikan kamuoyunda ve güncel siyasetinde kendine yer bulmuştur. Kavramın kamuoyunda yaygın bilinirlik kazanması, özellikle muhafazakâr yazarların ona getirdiği, tartışmanın kapanmasına ve hoşgörüsüzlüğün büyümesine yol açtığı eleştirileriyle olmuştur. Bu eleştirilerle kavram, kendi işaret ettiği anlamdan uzaklaşmış ve karşıtlarının ona atfettiği olumsuz anlama bürünmüştür. Bu yeni anlamla politik doğruculuk, yeni bir ideolojik hoşgörüsüzlüğü ve bağnazlığı ifade etmek için kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Kavramın yaşadığı bu anlam kayması muhafazakârlar için kullanışlı bir siyaset yapma olanağını da onlara kazandırmıştır. Çalışmayla amaçlanan, politik doğruculuğun yaşamış olduğu bu anlam kaymasını ortaya koymak ve onu politik doğrucuların kullandığı şekliyle kapsayıcı bir şekilde açıklamaktır. Bununla birlikte politik doğruculuk karşıtlarının, kavramı neden hedef tahtasına koydukları ve bunun onlara ne gibi bir siyaset yapma olanağı sağladığı da ele alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bunun için politik doğruculuğa ilişkin metinler ve onun karşıtlarının yapmış olduğu eleştiriler ve siyasetçilerin söylemleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, politik doğruculuk taraftarlarının yapmış olduğu eleştirilerin önemli bir bölümü haklı olmakla birlikte, kimi eleştirilerinin tarihsel ve toplumsal bağlamdan kopuk olması, kavramın karşıtlarının bazı eleştirilerine de fırsat sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, politik doğruculuk karşıtları bu eleştiri noktalarını popülist bir söylemle genişleterek, politik doğruculuğu karşıt bir ideolojik kamp olarak yansıtmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım George H. W. Bush ve Donald Trump gibi muhafazakâr siyasetçilerin söylemlerinde de kendine yer bulmuştur.

Keywords

Politik doğruculuk, politik olarak doğru, anti - politik doğruculuk, Donald Trump, kültürel Marksizm

Thinking of Political Correctness With Its Opposite: Anti – Political Correctness

Abstract

When it first appeared in American Universities in the late 1960s, the concept of political correctness was used to express the avoidance of expression and behavior that would hurt others, especially ethnic, religious, cultural and sexual minorities, when speaking and by our behavior. Since the late 1980s, political correctness has spread beyond the university campuses and find its place in the American public and current politics. The concept gained widespread public awareness, especially with the criticism that conservative writers brought to it, leading to the closure of the debate and the growth of intolerance. With these criticisms, the concept moved away from the meaning it refers to and took on the negative meaning that its opponents ascribe to it. With this new meaning, political correctness began to be used to express a new ideological intolerance and bigotry. This shift in meaning of the concept has given conservatives the opportunity to make a useful policy. The aim of the study is to reveal this semantic shift experienced by political correctness and to reposition it within the framework used by political correctness. In addition, it is tried to be discussed why the opponents of political correctness put the concept on the target board and what kind of politics this gives them the opportunity to do. For this purpose, the texts on political correctness and the criticisms of its opponents and the discourses of politicians is emphasized. As a result, while most of the criticisms made by the supporters of political correctness are justified, the fact that some of their criticisms are disconnected from the historical and social context also provides an opportunity for some criticisms of the opponents of the concept. However, opponents of political correctness try to reflect political correctness as an opposing ideological camp by expanding these points of criticism with a populist discourse. This approach has also found a place in the discourses of conservative politicians such as George H. W. Bush and Donald Trump.

Keywords

Political correctness, politically correct, anti – political correctness, Donald Trump, cultural Marxism.

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