SANDRO BOTTİCELLİ’NİN “VENÜS’ÜN DOĞUŞU” TABLOSU VE JOEL-PETER WİTKİN’İN “YERİN VE GÖĞÜN TANRILARI” FOTOĞRAFININ GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Osman Tosun

Research Article

SANDRO BOTTİCELLİ’NİN “VENÜS’ÜN DOĞUŞU” TABLOSU VE JOEL-PETER WİTKİN’İN “YERİN VE GÖĞÜN TANRILARI” FOTOĞRAFININ GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 21 - 36, 31.01.2021

Osman Tosun

Abstract

Sanat tarihi, estetik olanı üretirken, güzel olanı yorumlayan ve “güzel” kavramını kimi zaman çağının normları dahilinde kimi zaman ise bu normların dışına taşarak yeniden kuran eserlere tanıklık etmiştir. Değişen anlayışlar ve güzellik mitinin şekil değiştirmesi geçmişteki eserlerin yeniden yorumlanışlarında, kimi zaman kasıtlı olarak oluşturulan bir anlam değişimini de yanında getirmiştir. Dünden bugüne değişen bu anlayış, şüphesiz ki estetik anlayışın da yeniden yorumlanması gerekliliğini kaçınılmaz kılar. Bu değişim farklılaşan yan anlamsal ve mitik göndergelerin geçmişten bugüne serüvenini önümüze sererken, aynı zamanda çağdaş mitlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına olanak tanır.
Çalışma, Sandro Botticelli’nin “Venüs’ün Doğuşu” tablosundan yola çıkan ve tabloda konu edinilen mitolojik karakterleri transgender bireylerle değiştirerek yapısını bozan Joel-Peter Witkin’in “Dünya ve Göğün Tanrıları” eserini söz konusu özgün eserle kıyaslamaktadır. Bu yapı bozumu neticesinde ortaya çıkan anlam değişimlerini analiz etmekte ve görsel kültürdeki anlamsal izdüşümlerini karşılaştırmaktadır. Bu yolla eserlerdeki mitik öğelerin çağdaş izdüşümleri ortaya çıkarılmış, Witkin’in eserindeki transgresif öğeleri kullanarak güzellik kavramına getirdiği yorum incelenmiştir. Bu durum bir Rönesans eseri olan “Venüs’ün Doğuşu” tablosunun döneminin normlarının dışında bir anlayışla, çıplak kadın bedeni tasvir edişindeki güzellik yorumu ve sınır ihlali ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada tüm göstergeler Barthes’ın göstergebilim analiziyle çözümlenmiş ve göstergeler görsel iletişim bağlamında yorumlanmıştır.

Keywords

Transregresyon, güzellik, görsel kültür, fotoğraf

References

Adorno T. – Horkheimer, M. (1995), Aydınlanmanın Diyalektiği I (Çev: Özügül, O), İstanbul: Kabalcı.
Barthes, R. (2003) Çağdaş Söylenler (Çev: Yücel, T.), İstanbul: Metis.
Barthes, R. (1979) Göstergebilim İlkeleri (Çev: Vardar, B. – Rifat, M.), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı.
Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies (Çev. Lavers, A.), New York: Noonday.
Barthes, R. (2002) S/Z (Çev: Miller, R.), Tyne&Wear: Blackwell.
Brutton, J. (2010) The Renaissance Bazaar, Eastbourne: Oxford.
Burke, P. (2013) The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in Italy, Cambridge: Polity.
Cashell, K. (2009) Aftershock: The Ethics Of Contemporary Transgressive Art, India: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.
Clark, D. (2005). Raphael's Fornarina: Venus Pudica or Venus Aphrodisia?. Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History, 74(4), 224–232. doi:10.1080/00233600510044949
Culler, J. (2005) The Pursuit of Signs, London: Routledge.
Debord, G. (1996) Gösteri Toplumu (Çev. Ekmekçi, A. – Taşkent, O.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
Dudek, S. (1993). The morality of 20th-century transgressive art. Creativity Research Journal, 6(1-2), 145-152.
Eco, U. (2016). Güzelliğin Tarihi (Çev: Akkoyunlu, A. C.), İstanbul: Doğan.
Elsner, J. (1999). Making myth visual: the Horae of Philostratus and the dance of the text. Word and Image, 15, 7-18.
Encyclopædıa Britannica (2017) “Sandro Botticelli” https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sandro-Botticelli (Erişim: 30.5.2017)
Encyclopædıa Britannica (2017) “Girolamo Savonarola” https://www.britannica.com/biography/Girolamo-Savonarola (Erişim: 1.6.2017).
Encyclopædıa Britannica (2020) “Oedipus Complex” https://www.britannica.com/science/Oedipus-complex (Erişim: 21.12.2020).
Fiske, John (1996) İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş (Çev: İrvan, S.), Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat.
Gombrich, E. (1945). Botticelli's Mythologies: A Study in the Neoplatonic Symbolism of His Circle. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 8, 7-60. doi:10.2307/750165
Gombrich, E. (1997). Sanatın Öyküsü (Çev. Erduran, Ö. – Erduran, E.) İstanbul: Remzi.
Grado R. (1993). Tonia Sandro Botticelli: El Arte y Sus Creadores, Madrid: INDISA.
Graves, Leslie (1998). Transgressive Traditions and Art Definitions. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 56(1), 39. doi:10.2307/431946
Guiraud, P. (1999). Anlambilim (Çev. Vardar, B.), İstanbul: Multilingual.
Hamilton, E. (1990). Mitologya (Çev. Tamer, Ü.), İstanbul: Varlık.
Hançerlioğlu, O. (1993). Felsefe Sözlüğü, İstanbul: Remzi.
Hard, R. (2003). Handbook of Greek Mythology, New York: Routledge.
Lawlor, L. (2019). Jacques Derrida (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2019 Edition). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/derrida/#Dec (Erişim: 19.12.2020)
Merräam-Webster (2020). Defunutuon of APHRODISIAC. https://www.merriam webster.com/däctäonary/aphrodäsäac (Eräşäm: 20.12.2020)
Moya, F. (1997). Los "Céfäros" del Nacämäento de Venus de Bottäcellä: una haipótesais. Imafronte (12-13) https://revistas.um.es/imafronte/article/view/38901
Saussure, F. (1997). Saussure’s Second Course of Lectures On General Linguistics (Çev: Komatsu, E. – Wolf, G), Guildford: Pergamon.
Sheehan, P. (2013). Modernism and the Aesthetics of Violence, USA: Cambridge.
Soebbing, S. (2015). The fine line of friendship: male homoerotic relationships in Mozart's Apollo et Hyacinthus. The Free Library
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+fine+line+of+friendship%3a+male+homoerotic+relationships+in...-a0406051389
Sözen, M. ve Tanyeli U. (1996). Sanat Kavram ve Terimleri Sözlüğü, İstanbul: Remzi. Parry, E. (1997). Joel-Peter Witkin, Singapore: Phaidon.
Rorty, R. (2016). Yapıbozum ve Pragmatizm Üzerine Düşünceler. S. Critchley, J. Derrida, E. Laclau ve R. Rorty, Yapıbozum ve Pragmatizm içinde (s. 25-35) C. Mouffe (Der.) (Çev. Birkan, T.). İstanbul: İletişim.
Rose, B. (1993). Is it art? Orlan and the transgressive act. Art in America, 81(2).
Tunalı, İ. (1998). Estetik, İstanbul: Remzi.
Vasari, G. (1550/1998). The Lives of Artists (Çev. Bondanella J. - Bondanella, P.), New York: Oxford.
Weinstein, D. (2011). Savonarola: The Rise and Fall of a Renaissance Prophet, USA: Yale.
Wolf, N. (1991). The Beauty Myth, London: Vintage.
Zedd, N. (2012). The Cinema Of Transgression Manifesto, You Killed Me First: The Cinema of Transgression (Ed. Pfeffer, S.), Köln: König.
Zirpolo, L. (2008). Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art, Plymouth: Scarecrow.

Year 2021, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 21 - 36, 31.01.2021

Osman Tosun

Abstract

References

Adorno T. – Horkheimer, M. (1995), Aydınlanmanın Diyalektiği I (Çev: Özügül, O), İstanbul: Kabalcı.
Barthes, R. (2003) Çağdaş Söylenler (Çev: Yücel, T.), İstanbul: Metis.
Barthes, R. (1979) Göstergebilim İlkeleri (Çev: Vardar, B. – Rifat, M.), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı.
Barthes, R. (1972). Mythologies (Çev. Lavers, A.), New York: Noonday.
Barthes, R. (2002) S/Z (Çev: Miller, R.), Tyne&Wear: Blackwell.
Brutton, J. (2010) The Renaissance Bazaar, Eastbourne: Oxford.
Burke, P. (2013) The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in Italy, Cambridge: Polity.
Cashell, K. (2009) Aftershock: The Ethics Of Contemporary Transgressive Art, India: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd.
Clark, D. (2005). Raphael's Fornarina: Venus Pudica or Venus Aphrodisia?. Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History, 74(4), 224–232. doi:10.1080/00233600510044949
Culler, J. (2005) The Pursuit of Signs, London: Routledge.
Debord, G. (1996) Gösteri Toplumu (Çev. Ekmekçi, A. – Taşkent, O.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
Dudek, S. (1993). The morality of 20th-century transgressive art. Creativity Research Journal, 6(1-2), 145-152.
Eco, U. (2016). Güzelliğin Tarihi (Çev: Akkoyunlu, A. C.), İstanbul: Doğan.
Elsner, J. (1999). Making myth visual: the Horae of Philostratus and the dance of the text. Word and Image, 15, 7-18.
Encyclopædıa Britannica (2017) “Sandro Botticelli” https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sandro-Botticelli (Erişim: 30.5.2017)
Encyclopædıa Britannica (2017) “Girolamo Savonarola” https://www.britannica.com/biography/Girolamo-Savonarola (Erişim: 1.6.2017).
Encyclopædıa Britannica (2020) “Oedipus Complex” https://www.britannica.com/science/Oedipus-complex (Erişim: 21.12.2020).
Fiske, John (1996) İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş (Çev: İrvan, S.), Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat.
Gombrich, E. (1945). Botticelli's Mythologies: A Study in the Neoplatonic Symbolism of His Circle. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 8, 7-60. doi:10.2307/750165
Gombrich, E. (1997). Sanatın Öyküsü (Çev. Erduran, Ö. – Erduran, E.) İstanbul: Remzi.
Grado R. (1993). Tonia Sandro Botticelli: El Arte y Sus Creadores, Madrid: INDISA.
Graves, Leslie (1998). Transgressive Traditions and Art Definitions. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 56(1), 39. doi:10.2307/431946
Guiraud, P. (1999). Anlambilim (Çev. Vardar, B.), İstanbul: Multilingual.
Hamilton, E. (1990). Mitologya (Çev. Tamer, Ü.), İstanbul: Varlık.
Hançerlioğlu, O. (1993). Felsefe Sözlüğü, İstanbul: Remzi.
Hard, R. (2003). Handbook of Greek Mythology, New York: Routledge.
Lawlor, L. (2019). Jacques Derrida (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2019 Edition). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/derrida/#Dec (Erişim: 19.12.2020)
Merräam-Webster (2020). Defunutuon of APHRODISIAC. https://www.merriam webster.com/däctäonary/aphrodäsäac (Eräşäm: 20.12.2020)
Moya, F. (1997). Los "Céfäros" del Nacämäento de Venus de Bottäcellä: una haipótesais. Imafronte (12-13) https://revistas.um.es/imafronte/article/view/38901
Saussure, F. (1997). Saussure’s Second Course of Lectures On General Linguistics (Çev: Komatsu, E. – Wolf, G), Guildford: Pergamon.
Sheehan, P. (2013). Modernism and the Aesthetics of Violence, USA: Cambridge.
Soebbing, S. (2015). The fine line of friendship: male homoerotic relationships in Mozart's Apollo et Hyacinthus. The Free Library
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+fine+line+of+friendship%3a+male+homoerotic+relationships+in...-a0406051389
Sözen, M. ve Tanyeli U. (1996). Sanat Kavram ve Terimleri Sözlüğü, İstanbul: Remzi. Parry, E. (1997). Joel-Peter Witkin, Singapore: Phaidon.
Rorty, R. (2016). Yapıbozum ve Pragmatizm Üzerine Düşünceler. S. Critchley, J. Derrida, E. Laclau ve R. Rorty, Yapıbozum ve Pragmatizm içinde (s. 25-35) C. Mouffe (Der.) (Çev. Birkan, T.). İstanbul: İletişim.
Rose, B. (1993). Is it art? Orlan and the transgressive act. Art in America, 81(2).
Tunalı, İ. (1998). Estetik, İstanbul: Remzi.
Vasari, G. (1550/1998). The Lives of Artists (Çev. Bondanella J. - Bondanella, P.), New York: Oxford.
Weinstein, D. (2011). Savonarola: The Rise and Fall of a Renaissance Prophet, USA: Yale.
Wolf, N. (1991). The Beauty Myth, London: Vintage.
Zedd, N. (2012). The Cinema Of Transgression Manifesto, You Killed Me First: The Cinema of Transgression (Ed. Pfeffer, S.), Köln: König.
Zirpolo, L. (2008). Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art, Plymouth: Scarecrow.

There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Osman Tosun
Publication Date	January 31, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

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APA	Tosun, O. (2021). SANDRO BOTTİCELLİ’NİN “VENÜS’ÜN DOĞUŞU” TABLOSU VE JOEL-PETER WİTKİN’İN “YERİN VE GÖĞÜN TANRILARI” FOTOĞRAFININ GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL KARŞILAŞTIRMASI. Kurgu, 29(1), 21-36.

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