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Effect of Vitamin A, D3, E Treatment on Fertility in the Pırlak Sheep

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 179 - 184, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.698697

Abstract

In this study, the effects of vitamins A, D3 and E on fertility were investigated in the Pırlak sheep, whose estrus was synchronized in July, the hottest month of the region. Multiparous 80 Pırlak sheep in the same herd were used as animal materials. The estrus synchronization of the sheep were performed with 20 mg chronolone impregnated intravaginal sponge (Chronogest CR®) for 11 days and 480 IU intramuscular eCG (Chrono-Gest / PMSG® 6000 IU / 25 ml) at the time of sponge removal. Vitamin A (300.000 IU), D3 (100.000 IU) and E (50 mg) combination (Vigantol-E®1ml) was injected intramuscularly at the time of mating in Group 1 (n=40), while Group 2 (n=40) was not applied. The estrus, conception and litter size were determined as 92,5%, 87,5%, 1,54 in Group 1 and 90%,75% and 1,37 in Group 2 respectively and there was no statistical difference between in the groups (P> 0.05). As a result, it was determined in July that the desired levels of reproductive efficiency can be obtained with the 11 day progesterone+eCG synchronization method in Pırlak breed sheep. It was concluded that different studies should be conducted to reveal the effects of vitamin A, D3, E and application on fertility parameters more clearly.

References

  • Abecia JA, Forcada. F, González-Bulnes, A. Pharmaceutical Control of Reproduction in Sheep and Goats. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2011; 27(1): 67-79.
  • Aksoy A, Yavuz F. Çiftçilerin Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğini Birakma Nedenlerinin Analizi: Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Örneği. Anadolu Tarım Bilim. Derg. 2012; 27(2):76-79.
  • Algan M, Uçar M, Yilmaz O . Effect of fluorogestone acetate and eCG on reproductive parameters in lactating Pırlak ewes. Turkish Journal of Vet Anim Sci. 2017; 41(3): 392-387.
  • Anonim.https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/HAYGEM/Belgeler/Hayvancılık/Küçükbaş%20Hayvancılık/Koyun%20Yetiştiriciliği/Yerli%20Koyun%20Irkları.pdf. Erişim tarihi. 10.11.2019
  • Awawdeh MS, Eljarah AH, Ababneh MM. Multiple injections of vitamin E and selenium improved the reproductive performance of estrus-synchronized Awassi ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2019;51(6):1421-1426
  • Babalık AA, Fakir H. Korunan ve otlatılan mera alanlarında vejetasyon özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması: Kocapınar Merası örneği. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi. 2017; 18(3): 207-211.
  • Chauhan SS, Celi P, Leury BJ, Clarke IJ, Dunshea FR. Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses improve oxidative status and reduce the negative effects of heat stress in sheep. J Anim Sci. 2014;92(8):3364-74
  • Cwynar P, Kolacz R, Czerski A Effect of heat stress on physiological parameters and blood composition in Polish Merino rams. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2014;127(5-6):177-82.
  • Fair S, Hanrahan JP, O'meara CM, Duffy P, Rizos D. et al. Differences between Belclare and Suffolk ewes in fertilization rate, embryo quality and accessory sperm number after cervical or laparoscopic artificial insemination. Theriogenology.2015; 63(7): 1995-2005.
  • Fukui Y, Kohno H, Okabe K, Katsuki S, Yoshizawa M, Togari T, Watanabe H. Factors affecting the fertility of ewes after intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed semen during the non-breeding season.J Reprod Dev. 2010;56(4): 460-6.
  • Goodman R, Inskeep EK. Neuroendocrine Control of the Ovarian Cycle of the Sheep. In: Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction. Chapter:44.,3rdedition, Elsevier.USA. pp. 2390-2425; 2006.
  • Hanrahan JP, Gregan MS, Mulsant P, Mullen M, Davis GH, Powel R, Galloway SM. Mutation in the genes for oocyte derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries). Biol of Reprod. 2004; 70: 900-909.
  • Hashem, N.M., El-Zarkouny, S.Z., Taha, T.A., Abo-Elezz, Z.R. (2011). Effect of season, month of parturition and lactation on estrus behavior and ovarian activity in BarkixRahmani crossbred ewes under subtropical conditions. Theriogenology.2011;75(7): 1327-35.
  • Hashemi M., Safdarian M., Kafi M. (2006). Estrous response to synchronization of estrus using different progesterone treatments outside the natural breeding season in ewes Small Rum Res. 65 (3):279-283
  • Karaca, F., Ataman, M.B., Çoyan, K. (2009). Synchronization of estrus with short- and long-term progestagen treatments and the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment in ewes Small Ruminant Res.81:185-188.
  • Kleemann DO, Walker SK. Fertility in South Australian commercial Merinoflocks: relationships between reproductive traits and environmental cue. Theriogenology. 2005;63(9):2416-33.
  • Köse M, Kırbaş M, Dursun Ş, Bayrıl T. Anöstrüs Döneminde Koyunlara β-karoten veya E Vitamini + Selenyum Enjeksiyonlarının Döl Verimi Üzerine Etkisi. YYU Vet Fak Derg. 2013;24(2):83-86.
  • Koutsoumpas AT, Giadinis ND, Lafi SD, Petridou EJ et al.Serum vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations after parenteral vitamin A administration in sheep. Small Rum Res. 2013;109,28-30
  • Koyuncu M, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş, Nageye F. Anöstrus Dönemindeki Koyunlarda CIDR, Vitamin A, E + Selenium Kullanımının Döl Verimine Etkileri. 2019; KSU Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22(Ek Sayı 1): 179-187
  • Koyuncu M. Yerlikaya H 2007. Effect of SeleniumVitamin E Injections of Ewes on Reproduction and Growth of Their Lambs. South African Journal of Animal Science 37: 233-236.
  • Kumar D, De K, Sejian V, Naqvi SMK. Impact of Climate Change on Sheep Reproduction. In: Sejian V., Bhatta R., Gaughan J., Malik P., Naqvi S., Lal R. (eds) Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change. Springer, Singapore;2017;pp.71-93
  • Kuru M., Sogukpınar O, Makav M, Çetin N.. Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season. Med. Weter. 2017; 73 (8), 479-482.
  • Lassoued N, Rekik M, Mahouachi M, Ben H. The effect of nutrition prior to and during mating on ovulation rate, reproductive wastage, and lambing rate in three sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research. 2014; 52: 117–125
  • Martemucci G, D'alessandro AG. Synchronization of oestrus and ovulation by short time combined FGA, PGF(2α), GnRH, eCG treatments for natural service or AI fixed-time.Anim Reprod Sci.2011; 123(1-2): 32-39
  • Martinez-Ros P; Rios-Abellan A, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Influence of Progesterone-Treatment Length and eCG Administration on Appearance of Estrous Behavior, Ovulatory Success and Fertility in Sheep.Animals. 2019;9: 9.
  • Mohebbi-Fani M, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S, Tabandeh MR. Oxidative status and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes from breeding and pregnant ewes grazing natural pastures in dry season. Rev. Med. Vet.2012a;163:454–460.
  • Mohebbi-Fani, M., Mirzaei, A., Nazifi, S, Shabbooie, Z.. Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 2012b; 44: 259-265
  • Naqvi SMK, Maurya VP, Gulyani R, Joshi A, Mittal JP. The effect of thermal stress on superovulatory response and embryo production in Bharat Merino ewes. Small Rum Res.2004;55(1–3)57-63.
  • Nemeth MV, Wilkens MR, Liesegang A. Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. J Dairy Sci. 2017 ;100(10):8072-8086
  • Rojo R, Kholif A, Salem A, Elghandour M, Odongo N et al. Influence of cellulase addition to dairy goat diets on digestion and fermentation, milk production and fatty acid content. The J of Agr Sci. 2015;153(8)1514-1523.
  • Segerson EC, Gunsett FC, Getz WR. Selenium-vitamin E supplementation and production efficiency in ewes marginally deficient in selenium. Livestock Prod Sci. 1986; 14, 149–159
  • Sönmez M, Bozkurt T,Türk G,et al. The effect of vitamin E treatment during preovulatory period on reproductive performance of goats following estrous synchronization using intravaginal sponges Animal Reproduction Science. 2009; 114, 183–192
  • Sunagawa K, Arikawa Y, Higashi M, Matsuda H, Takahashi H, Kuriwaki Z, Kojiya Z, Uechi S, Hongo F. Direct effect of a hot environment on ruminal motility in sheep. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2002;15:859–865
  • Thwaites, CJ. Short term heat stress and embryo mortality in the ewe. Australian J of Experimental Agriculture.1971; 11(50), 265.
  • TÜİK. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1002. Erişim tarihi 10.10. 2019
  • Uçar M, Gündoğan M, Özdemir ve ark. Değişik Irk Koyunlarda Progesteron+eCG ile Östrusların Senkronize Edilmesi ve Hayvanlarda Kolesterol ile Progesteron Seviyelerinin araştırılması. Vet.Bil. Derg. 2002; 18(3):79-85
  • Vallejo LH, Buendía G, Elghandour MM, Menezes‐Blackburn D et al. The effect of exogenous phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and phosphorous bioavailability in Rambouillet sheep. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2018; 98: 5089-5094
  • Velasco J. Efficacy study of combining vitamin complex AD3E with ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin respectively, evaluated on biochemical parameters and A, D3 and E vitamins serum levels in cattle. Redvet. 2017;17(12):1-30
  • Whaley S, Hedgpeth VS, Farin CE, Martus NS, Jayes FC, Britt JH. Influence of vitamin A injection before mating on oocyte development, follicular hormones, and ovulation in gilts fed high-energy diets. Journal of anim sci.2000; 78: 1598-607 .
  • Yao X, Zhang G, Guo Y,Ei-Samahy M, Wang S, Wan Y. Vitamin D receptor expression and potential role of vitamin D on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells Theriogenology.2017, 15;102:162-173
  • Zhou P, McEvoy TG, Gill AC, Lambe NR et al. Investigation of relationship between vitamin D status and reproductive fitness in Scottish hill sheep Sci Rep.2019 ;9(1):1162

Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 179 - 184, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.698697

Abstract

Bu çalışmada bölgenin en sıcak ayı olan Temmuz ayında östrüsleri senkronize edilen Pırlak ırkı koyunlarda vitamin A, D3 ve E’nin fertilite üzerine etkileri incelendi. Hayvan mataryeli olarak aynı sürü içerisinde bulunan daha önce doğum yapmış 80 Pırlak ırkı koyun kullanıldı. Koyunların östrüs senkronizasyonu 11 gün süreyle 20 mg kronolon içeren vagina içi sünger (Chronogest CR®) ve sünger çıkarılma anında 480 IU kas içi eCG (Chrono-Gest/PMSG® 6000 IU/25 ml) uygulamaları ile yapıldı. Çiftleşme anında Grup 1’e (n=40) vitamin A (300.000 IU), D3 (100.000 IU) ve E (50 mg) kombinasyonu (Vigantol-E®, 1ml) kas içi enjekte edilirken Grup 2’ye (n=40) uygulama yapılmadı. Östrüs, gebe kalma ve gebelik başına düşen yavru sayıları sırasıyla Grup 1’de %92,5, % 87,5, 1,54 ve Grup 2’de ise % 90, %75 ve 1,37 olarak belirlendi ve gruplar arasında istatistiki fark bulunmadı (P>0,05). Sonuç olarak Temmuz ayında Pırlak ırkı koyunlarda 11 gün süreli progesteron+eCG senkronizasyon yöntemi ile istenilen düzeylerde reprodüktif verimin elde edilebileceği belirlendi. Vitamin A, D3, E uygulamasının fertilite parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini daha net ortaya koyabilmek için farklı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Abecia JA, Forcada. F, González-Bulnes, A. Pharmaceutical Control of Reproduction in Sheep and Goats. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2011; 27(1): 67-79.
  • Aksoy A, Yavuz F. Çiftçilerin Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğini Birakma Nedenlerinin Analizi: Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Örneği. Anadolu Tarım Bilim. Derg. 2012; 27(2):76-79.
  • Algan M, Uçar M, Yilmaz O . Effect of fluorogestone acetate and eCG on reproductive parameters in lactating Pırlak ewes. Turkish Journal of Vet Anim Sci. 2017; 41(3): 392-387.
  • Anonim.https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/HAYGEM/Belgeler/Hayvancılık/Küçükbaş%20Hayvancılık/Koyun%20Yetiştiriciliği/Yerli%20Koyun%20Irkları.pdf. Erişim tarihi. 10.11.2019
  • Awawdeh MS, Eljarah AH, Ababneh MM. Multiple injections of vitamin E and selenium improved the reproductive performance of estrus-synchronized Awassi ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2019;51(6):1421-1426
  • Babalık AA, Fakir H. Korunan ve otlatılan mera alanlarında vejetasyon özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması: Kocapınar Merası örneği. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi. 2017; 18(3): 207-211.
  • Chauhan SS, Celi P, Leury BJ, Clarke IJ, Dunshea FR. Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses improve oxidative status and reduce the negative effects of heat stress in sheep. J Anim Sci. 2014;92(8):3364-74
  • Cwynar P, Kolacz R, Czerski A Effect of heat stress on physiological parameters and blood composition in Polish Merino rams. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2014;127(5-6):177-82.
  • Fair S, Hanrahan JP, O'meara CM, Duffy P, Rizos D. et al. Differences between Belclare and Suffolk ewes in fertilization rate, embryo quality and accessory sperm number after cervical or laparoscopic artificial insemination. Theriogenology.2015; 63(7): 1995-2005.
  • Fukui Y, Kohno H, Okabe K, Katsuki S, Yoshizawa M, Togari T, Watanabe H. Factors affecting the fertility of ewes after intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed semen during the non-breeding season.J Reprod Dev. 2010;56(4): 460-6.
  • Goodman R, Inskeep EK. Neuroendocrine Control of the Ovarian Cycle of the Sheep. In: Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction. Chapter:44.,3rdedition, Elsevier.USA. pp. 2390-2425; 2006.
  • Hanrahan JP, Gregan MS, Mulsant P, Mullen M, Davis GH, Powel R, Galloway SM. Mutation in the genes for oocyte derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries). Biol of Reprod. 2004; 70: 900-909.
  • Hashem, N.M., El-Zarkouny, S.Z., Taha, T.A., Abo-Elezz, Z.R. (2011). Effect of season, month of parturition and lactation on estrus behavior and ovarian activity in BarkixRahmani crossbred ewes under subtropical conditions. Theriogenology.2011;75(7): 1327-35.
  • Hashemi M., Safdarian M., Kafi M. (2006). Estrous response to synchronization of estrus using different progesterone treatments outside the natural breeding season in ewes Small Rum Res. 65 (3):279-283
  • Karaca, F., Ataman, M.B., Çoyan, K. (2009). Synchronization of estrus with short- and long-term progestagen treatments and the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment in ewes Small Ruminant Res.81:185-188.
  • Kleemann DO, Walker SK. Fertility in South Australian commercial Merinoflocks: relationships between reproductive traits and environmental cue. Theriogenology. 2005;63(9):2416-33.
  • Köse M, Kırbaş M, Dursun Ş, Bayrıl T. Anöstrüs Döneminde Koyunlara β-karoten veya E Vitamini + Selenyum Enjeksiyonlarının Döl Verimi Üzerine Etkisi. YYU Vet Fak Derg. 2013;24(2):83-86.
  • Koutsoumpas AT, Giadinis ND, Lafi SD, Petridou EJ et al.Serum vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations after parenteral vitamin A administration in sheep. Small Rum Res. 2013;109,28-30
  • Koyuncu M, Öziş Altınçekiç Ş, Nageye F. Anöstrus Dönemindeki Koyunlarda CIDR, Vitamin A, E + Selenium Kullanımının Döl Verimine Etkileri. 2019; KSU Tarım ve Doğa Derg 22(Ek Sayı 1): 179-187
  • Koyuncu M. Yerlikaya H 2007. Effect of SeleniumVitamin E Injections of Ewes on Reproduction and Growth of Their Lambs. South African Journal of Animal Science 37: 233-236.
  • Kumar D, De K, Sejian V, Naqvi SMK. Impact of Climate Change on Sheep Reproduction. In: Sejian V., Bhatta R., Gaughan J., Malik P., Naqvi S., Lal R. (eds) Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change. Springer, Singapore;2017;pp.71-93
  • Kuru M., Sogukpınar O, Makav M, Çetin N.. Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season. Med. Weter. 2017; 73 (8), 479-482.
  • Lassoued N, Rekik M, Mahouachi M, Ben H. The effect of nutrition prior to and during mating on ovulation rate, reproductive wastage, and lambing rate in three sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research. 2014; 52: 117–125
  • Martemucci G, D'alessandro AG. Synchronization of oestrus and ovulation by short time combined FGA, PGF(2α), GnRH, eCG treatments for natural service or AI fixed-time.Anim Reprod Sci.2011; 123(1-2): 32-39
  • Martinez-Ros P; Rios-Abellan A, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Influence of Progesterone-Treatment Length and eCG Administration on Appearance of Estrous Behavior, Ovulatory Success and Fertility in Sheep.Animals. 2019;9: 9.
  • Mohebbi-Fani M, Mirzaei A, Nazifi S, Tabandeh MR. Oxidative status and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes from breeding and pregnant ewes grazing natural pastures in dry season. Rev. Med. Vet.2012a;163:454–460.
  • Mohebbi-Fani, M., Mirzaei, A., Nazifi, S, Shabbooie, Z.. Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 2012b; 44: 259-265
  • Naqvi SMK, Maurya VP, Gulyani R, Joshi A, Mittal JP. The effect of thermal stress on superovulatory response and embryo production in Bharat Merino ewes. Small Rum Res.2004;55(1–3)57-63.
  • Nemeth MV, Wilkens MR, Liesegang A. Vitamin D status in growing dairy goats and sheep: Influence of ultraviolet B radiation on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. J Dairy Sci. 2017 ;100(10):8072-8086
  • Rojo R, Kholif A, Salem A, Elghandour M, Odongo N et al. Influence of cellulase addition to dairy goat diets on digestion and fermentation, milk production and fatty acid content. The J of Agr Sci. 2015;153(8)1514-1523.
  • Segerson EC, Gunsett FC, Getz WR. Selenium-vitamin E supplementation and production efficiency in ewes marginally deficient in selenium. Livestock Prod Sci. 1986; 14, 149–159
  • Sönmez M, Bozkurt T,Türk G,et al. The effect of vitamin E treatment during preovulatory period on reproductive performance of goats following estrous synchronization using intravaginal sponges Animal Reproduction Science. 2009; 114, 183–192
  • Sunagawa K, Arikawa Y, Higashi M, Matsuda H, Takahashi H, Kuriwaki Z, Kojiya Z, Uechi S, Hongo F. Direct effect of a hot environment on ruminal motility in sheep. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2002;15:859–865
  • Thwaites, CJ. Short term heat stress and embryo mortality in the ewe. Australian J of Experimental Agriculture.1971; 11(50), 265.
  • TÜİK. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1002. Erişim tarihi 10.10. 2019
  • Uçar M, Gündoğan M, Özdemir ve ark. Değişik Irk Koyunlarda Progesteron+eCG ile Östrusların Senkronize Edilmesi ve Hayvanlarda Kolesterol ile Progesteron Seviyelerinin araştırılması. Vet.Bil. Derg. 2002; 18(3):79-85
  • Vallejo LH, Buendía G, Elghandour MM, Menezes‐Blackburn D et al. The effect of exogenous phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and phosphorous bioavailability in Rambouillet sheep. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2018; 98: 5089-5094
  • Velasco J. Efficacy study of combining vitamin complex AD3E with ivermectin, doramectin and moxidectin respectively, evaluated on biochemical parameters and A, D3 and E vitamins serum levels in cattle. Redvet. 2017;17(12):1-30
  • Whaley S, Hedgpeth VS, Farin CE, Martus NS, Jayes FC, Britt JH. Influence of vitamin A injection before mating on oocyte development, follicular hormones, and ovulation in gilts fed high-energy diets. Journal of anim sci.2000; 78: 1598-607 .
  • Yao X, Zhang G, Guo Y,Ei-Samahy M, Wang S, Wan Y. Vitamin D receptor expression and potential role of vitamin D on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in goat ovarian granulosa cells Theriogenology.2017, 15;102:162-173
  • Zhou P, McEvoy TG, Gill AC, Lambe NR et al. Investigation of relationship between vitamin D status and reproductive fitness in Scottish hill sheep Sci Rep.2019 ;9(1):1162
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Muhammed Kürşad Birdane 0000-0002-9683-4979

Fatih Avdatek 0000-0003-2345-8826

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Acceptance Date May 17, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Birdane, M. K., & Avdatek, F. (2020). Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 13(2), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.698697
AMA Birdane MK, Avdatek F. Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi. kvj. June 2020;13(2):179-184. doi:10.30607/kvj.698697
Chicago Birdane, Muhammed Kürşad, and Fatih Avdatek. “Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 13, no. 2 (June 2020): 179-84. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.698697.
EndNote Birdane MK, Avdatek F (June 1, 2020) Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 13 2 179–184.
IEEE M. K. Birdane and F. Avdatek, “Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi”, kvj, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 179–184, 2020, doi: 10.30607/kvj.698697.
ISNAD Birdane, Muhammed Kürşad - Avdatek, Fatih. “Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 13/2 (June 2020), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.698697.
JAMA Birdane MK, Avdatek F. Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi. kvj. 2020;13:179–184.
MLA Birdane, Muhammed Kürşad and Fatih Avdatek. “Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 13, no. 2, 2020, pp. 179-84, doi:10.30607/kvj.698697.
Vancouver Birdane MK, Avdatek F. Pırlak Koyunlarında Vitamin A, D3, E Uygulamasının Fertilite Üzerine Etkisi. kvj. 2020;13(2):179-84.

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