Aydın İlinde Akut İshalli Neonatal Buzağılarda Enteropatojenlerin Prevalansının Araştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 410 - 419, 30.09.2023

Canberk Balıkçı , Kerem Ural , Hasan Erdoğan , Gizem Gönülveren , Mehmet Gültekin

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1326596

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Neonatal buzağı ishalleri, dünya çapında sık bildirilen, doğrudan ve dolaylı ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olabilen önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Bu çalışmada, Aydın ilindeki neonatal buzağılarda ishalin etiyolojisinde rol oynayan E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus ve Giardia sp. etkenlerinin prevalansının belirlenmesi ve etiyolojik etkenlerin oluşturduğu klinik bulguların şiddetinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Araştırmaya, Aydın ilinde bulunan 1-28 günlük yaşta, 86 erkek ve 81 dişi olmak üzere 167 ishalli buzağı dahil edildi. Klinik muayene sonuçları temelinde buzağı sağlık skorları (BSS) belirlendi. Dışkı örneklerinde E.coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus ve Giardia sp. etkenlerinin belirlenmesi hızlı tanı test kiti kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. İshale neden olan etkenlerin mono ya da koenfekte olmalarına bakılmaksızın yaygınlıkları sırasıyla Cryptosporidium spp. (%55,09), Rotavirus (%37,13), Coronavirus (%19,76), Giardia spp. (%7,19) ve E. coli K99 (%5,39) olarak tespit edildi. Koenfeksiyonlar arasında Cryptosporidium spp. + Rotavirus (%16,77) ile en yaygın kombinasyon olarak belirlendi. BSS’ye göre en yüksek skorun (6,5), Cryptosporidium + Rotavirus + Coronavirus kombinasyonunda, en düşük skorun (4) ise Cryptosporidium + Giardia kombinasyonunda olduğu saptandı. Sonuçlar, Aydın ilinde neonatal buzağılarda en yaygın ishal etkenlerinin Cryptosporidium spp. ve Rotavirus olduğunu ve BSS'yi etkileyen farklı değişkenlerin olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, buzağılarda ishalin öne çıkan etiyolojik nedenlerine yönelik etkin kontrol stratejileri geliştirmek açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

Buzağı, Etiyoloji, İshal, Klinik skor, Prevalans

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

116O114

Prevalence of Enteropathogens in Neonatal Calves with Acute Diarrhea in Aydın Province

Abstract

Neonatal calf diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality that is frequently reported worldwide and can cause serious direct and indirect economic losses. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus and Giardia sp. which play a role in the etiology of diarrhea in neonatal calves in Aydın province and to evaluate the severity of clinical findings caused by etiological agents. The study included 167 calves with diarrhea, 86 males and 81 females, aged 1-28 days in Aydın province. Calf health scores (BSS) were determined on the basis of clinical examination results. Detection of E.coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus, Coronavirus and Giardia sp. in fecal samples was performed using a rapid diagnostic test kit. The prevalence of the causative agents of diarrhea were Cryptosporidium spp. (55.09%), Rotavirus (37.13%), Coronavirus (19.76%), Giardia spp. (7.19%) and E. coli K99 (5.39%) regardless of whether they were mono or co-infection. Among the co-infections, Cryptosporidium spp. + Rotavirus (16.77%) was the most common combination. According to BSS, the highest score (6.5) was found in Cryptosporidium + Rotavirus + Coronavirus combination and the lowest score (4) was found in Cryptosporidium + Giardia combination. The results revealed that Cryptosporidium spp. and Rotavirus were the most common diarrhea agents in neonatal calves in Aydın province and that there may be different variables affecting BSS. These results are significant for developing effective control strategies for the leading etiological causes of diarrhea in calves.

Keywords

Calf, Clinic Score, Diarrhea, Etiology, Prevalance

Project Number

116O114

References

• Abbasov, V., & Zeynalova, S. (2023). Clinical Signs of Seasonal Disease Dynamics in Calves Caused by Rotavirus and Coronavirus Infections. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 38(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2023/v38i130563
• Abikoğlu, R., & Özgünlük, İ. (2022). Şanlıurfa İlindeki İshalli Buzağılarda Bovine Coronavirus Varlığının ELISA Yöntemi ile Araştırılması. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 120-127. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1118140
• Al, M., & Balıkçı, E. (2012). Neonatal İshalli Buzağılarda Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli K99 ve Cryptosporidium parvum'un Hızlı Test Kitleri ile Teşhisi ve Enteropatojen ile Maternal İmmünite İlişkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi 26(2), 73-78.
• Atcalı, T., & Yıldız, R. (2020). Neonatal Buzağı İshallerinde Farklı Etiyolojik Faktörlerin Hemogram Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(3), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.823819
• Ates, O., & Yesilbag, K. (2023). Characterization of bovine rotavirus isolates from diarrheic calves in Türkiye. Molecular Biology Reports, 50(4), 3063-3071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-08169-4
• Ayan, A., Alıç Ural, D., Erdoğan, H., Orunç Kılınç, Ö., Gültekin, M., & Ural, K. (2019). Prevalance And Molecular Characterızatıon Of Giardıa duodenalis In Lıvestock In Van, Turkey. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science (IJEES) 9(2), 289-296. https://doi.org/10.31407/ijees
• Aydin, O., Ulas, N., Genc, A., Baysal, S., Kandemir, O., & Aktas, M. S. (2022). Investigation of hemogram, oxidative stress, and some inflammatory marker levels in neonatal calves with Escherichia coli and Coronavirus diarrhea. Microbial Pathogenesis, 173, 105802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105802
• Aydoğdu, U., & Güzelbekteş, H. (2018). Effect of colostrum composition on passive calf immunity in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. Veterinarni Medicina 63, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.17221/40/2017-VETMED
• Aydoğdu, U., Gülersoy, E., & Şen, İ. (2018b). Buzağı ishalleri ve oral sıvı takviyeleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases-Special Topics 4, 56-64.
• Aydoğdu, U., Işık, N., Ekici, Ö. D., Yıldız, R., Şen, İ., & Coşkun, A. (2018a). Comparison of the effectiveness of halofuginone lactate and paromomycin in the treatment of calves naturally ınfected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81809
• Aygün, O., & Yıldız, R. (2018). Evaluation of thrombomodulin and pentraxin-3 as diagnostic biomarkers in calves with sepsis. Veterinární medicína, 63, 313-320. https://doi.org/10.17221/159/2017-VETMED
• Bendali, F., Bichet, H., Schelcher, F., & Sana, M. (1999). Pattern of diarrhoe in newborn calves in South-West France. Veterinary Research 30, 61-74.
• Björkman, C., Svensson, C., Christensson, B., & De Verdier, K. (2003). Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in calf diarrhoea in Sweden. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 44(3), 145.
• Blanchard, P. C. (2012). Diagnostics of dairy and beef cattle diarrhea. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 28, 443-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2012.07.002
• Brunauer, M., Roch, F. F., & Conrady, B. (2021). Prevalence of worldwide neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by bovine rotavirus in combination with Bovine Coronavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and Cryptosporidium spp.: a meta-analysis. Animals, 11(4), 1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041014
• Chen, Y., Huang, J., Qin, H., Wang, L., Li, J., & Zhang, L. (2023). Cryptosporidium parvum and gp60 genotype prevalence in dairy calves worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Tropica, 106843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106843
• Cho, Y. I., & Yoon, K. J. (2014). An overview of calf diarrhea-infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. Journal of veterinary science, 15(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.1
• Constable, P.D., Hinchcliff, K. W., Done, S.H., Grünberg, W., (2017). Veterinary medicine a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goats. Elsevier, St. Louis Missouri.
• Coşkun, A., & Kaya, K (2018). Tokat Bölgesindeki Neonatal Buzağı İshallerinin Etiyolojisinin Belirlenmesi. Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences, 8(1), 75-80.
• Değerli, S., Çeliksöz, A., Kalkan, K., & Özçelik, S. (2005). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in cows and calves in Sivas. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 29(4), 995-999.
• Değirmençay, Ş., Eroğlu, M. S., & Eren, E. (2023). Differential Diagnostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin and Iron Levels in Diarrheic Neonatal Calves Caused by Escherichia coli and Rotavirus. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 16(1), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1205080
• Du, W., Wang, X., Hu, M., Hou, J., Du, Y., Si, W., Yang, L., Xu, L. & Xu, Q. (2023). Modulating gastrointestinal microbiota to alleviate diarrhea in calves. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1181545. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1181545
• Gao, H., Liang, G., Su, N., Li, Q., Wang, D., Wang, J., Zhao, L., Kang, X., & Guo, K. (2023). Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Diarrheic and Non-Diarrheic Calves from Ningxia, Northwestern China. Animals, 13(12), 1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121983
• Geng, H. L., Meng, X. Z., Yan, W. L., Li, X. M., Jiang, J., Ni, H. B., & Liu, W. H. (2023). Prevalence of bovine coronavirus in cattle in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis, 106009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106009
• Gültekin, M., Ural, K., Aysul, N., Ayan, A., Balıkçı, C., Toplu, S. & Akyıldız, G. (2017). Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Calves in Turkey. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 45, 1450. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80032
• Güzelbekteş, H., Coşkun, A., & Şen, İ., (2007). Relationship between the degree of dehydration and the balance of acid-based changes in dehydrated calves with diarrhoea. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 51, 83-87.
• Higgs, C., Breiitenbuecher, J., Pablo Gomez, J., Samah, F., Fausak, E. D., Van Noord, M., & Ute Maier, G. (2023). Efficacy of dam vaccination for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in calves: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. California Digital Library University of California. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71d3x0tt
• Izzo, M., Gunn, A. A., & House, J. K. (2015). Neonatal Diarrhea. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine, 5th Edition. Editör: Smith, B.P. Mosby, Elsevier.
• İçen, H., Arserim, N. B., Işık, N., Özkan, C., & Kaya, A. (2013). Prevalence of Four Enteropathogens with Immunochromatographic Rapid Test in the Feces of Diarrheic Calves in East and Southeast of Turkey. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 33(4).
• Kabir, M. H. B., Ceylan, O., Ceylan, C., Shehata, A. A., Bando, H., Essa, M. I., Xuan, X., Sevinç, F., & Kato, K. (2020). Molecular detection of genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic calves, lambs, and goat kids from Turkey. Parasitology international, 79, 102163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2020.102163
• Kalınbacak, A. 2003. İshalli Buzağıların Sıvı Sağaltımında Hipertonik Salin-Dextran ve Oral Elektrolit Solüsyonunun Kullanımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 50, 113-118.
• Kaske, M., & Kunz, H. J., (2003). Manual of diarrheal diseases in calves. Kamlage Werlag, Auflage Stuttgart, pp: 15-140.
• Kozat, S., & Tuncay, İ. (2018). Siirt yöresindeki yenidoğan ishalli buzağılarda Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Escherichia coli K 99 ve Giardia lamblia etkenlerinin prevalansı. Van Veterinary Journal, 29(1), 17-22.
• Kuliğ, C. C., & Coşkun, A. (2019). Sivas ve ilçelerindeki neonatal ishalli buzağılarda E. coli, Cryptosporidium, Clostridium perfringens, Rotavirus ve Coronavirus Prevalansı. Turkish Veterinary Journal, 1(2), 69-73.
• Kuraa, H. M., & Malek, S. S. (2023). The role of the Cryptosporidium parvum in diarrhea in calves and lambs. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 21(3), 735-749. https://doi. org/10.12982/VIS. 2023.053.
• McGuirk, S. (2013). Calf Health Scoring Chart. University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine.https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/heifermgmt/files/2015/02/calf_health_scoring_chart.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 10.06.2023]
• Özer, E., Erdoğmuş, S. Z., & Köroğlu, E. (1990). Elazığ çevresinde buzağı ve kuzularda bulunan Cryptosporidium’un yaygınlığı üzerinde araştırmalar. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 14, 439- 445.
• Öztürkler, O. (2023). Ozturkler, O. Investigation of some microbial and protozoon factors with rapid test kits in neonatal diarrheas in calves in Kars province: Neonatal diarrheas in calves in Kars province. Journal of One Health Research, 1(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7513438
• Park, Y. J., Cho, H. C., Jang, D. H., Park, J., & Choi, K. S. (2023). Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea in the Republic of Korea. Plos one, 18(1), e0279533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279533
• Pesavento, J. B., Billingsley, A. M., Roberts, E. J., Ramig, R. F., & Prasad, B. V. V. (2003). Structures of Rotavirus reassortants demonstrate correlation of altered conformation of the VP4 spike and expression of unexpected VP4-associated phenotypes. Journal of Virology, 77(5), 3291-3296. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.5.3291-3296.2003
• Sezer, S., & Akgul, G. (2022). Rapid etiological diagnosis of neonatal calf diarrhea with immunochromatographic test kits in Esme district of Usak. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 68(173), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2022.118605.1049
• Taghipour, A., Sharbatkhori, M., Tohidi, F., Ghanbari, M. R., Karanis, P., Olfatifar, M., Majidiandi, H., Khazaei, S., Bahadory, S., & Javanmard, E. (2022). Global prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 203, 105632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105632
• Uhde, F.L., Kaufmann, T., Sager, H., Albini, S., Zanoni, R., Schelling, E., & Meylan, M. (2008). Prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in Switzerland. The Veterinary record, 163, 362-366. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.163.12.362
• Yıldız, R., Beslek, M., Beydilli, Y., Özçelik, M. M., & Biçici, Ö. (2018). Evaluation of platelet activating factor in neonatal calves with sepsis. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 89, 66-73.