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Ardahan Yöresinde Sığır Beslenmesinde Kullanılan Yemlerde Okratoksin A Düzeyinin Araştırılması

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 9 - 14, 31.03.2024

Ertan Doğan

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1295366

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı Ardahan yöresinde sığırlara verilen yemlerde Okratoksin A (OTA) miktarını belirlemektir. Araştırma Ardahan yöresinden rastgele seçilen 30 sığır işletmesinde yürütüldü. Sığır işletmeleri 2023 yılı Şubat, Mart ve Nisan aylarında ziyaret edildi. Her ziyaret edilen işletmeden bir numune olmak üzere her ay 30 numune (10 adet çayır otu, 10 adet saman ve 10 adet arpa kırması) toplandı. Üç aylık dönemde toplam 90 yem örnekleri OTA yönünden incelendi. Yem örneklerinde OTA miktarının belirlenmesinde ELİSA kiti kullanıldı. Araştırmada Şubat ayında toplanan çayır otu, saman ve arpa kırmasında OTA tespit edilmedi. Saman örneklerinde Mart ayında 0,19 µg/kg, Nisan ayında 0,21 µg/kg, arpa kırmasında ise Mart ayında 0,20 µg/kg, Nisan ayında 0,21 µg/kg OTA tespit edildi. Bu araştırmada en yüksek OTA miktarı Nisan ayında toplanan çayır otunda (0,28 µg/kg) belirlendi. Mart ve Nisan ayında çayır otunda tespit edilen ortalama OTA miktarları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0,05) bulundu. Çayır otu, saman ve arpa kırmasında tespit edilen OTA miktarı Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliğinin belirlediği maksimum limitin (5,0 µg/kg) altında olduğu görüldü. Bu araştırmada Ardahan yöresinde Şubat, Mart ve Nisan ayında sığırlara verilen çayır otu, saman ve arpa kırmasının hayvan ve insan sağlığı için risk oluşturmayacak düzeyde okratoksin A içerdiği sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

Ardahan Okratoksin A Sığır Yem Mikotoksin

References

  • Akkaya, M. R., & Bal, M. A. (2013). Regional distribution of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A contaminated beef and dairy cattle feeds in Turkey. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 2(1), 162–166.
  • Anonymous. (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete (Tarih: 29.12.2011, Sayı: 28157), Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Battacone, G., Nudda, A., &Pulina, G. (2010). Effects of ochratoxin A on livestock production. Toxins, 2(7),1796–1824. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2071796
  • Bernardini, C., Grilli, E., Duvigneau, J. C., Zannoni, A., Tugnoli, B., Gentilini, F., Bertuzzi, T., Spinozzi, S., Camborata, C., Bacci, M. L., Piva, A., & Forni, M. (2014). Cellular stress marker alteration and inflammatory response in pigs fed with an ochratoxin contaminated diet. Research in Veterinary Science, 97(2), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.018
  • Boudra, H., Barnouin, J., Dragacci, S., &Morgavi, D. P. (2007). Aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in raw bulk milk from french dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(7), 3197–3201. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-565
  • Clark, H. A., & Snedeker, S. M. (2006). Ochratoxin A: Its cancer risk and potential for exposure. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews, 9(3), 265–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390500195570
  • Doğan, E., & Doğan, A. N. C. (2020). Ardahan ilinde sığır yetiştiriciliğinin önemi ve sığırların bazı zoonotic hastalıkları. İ. Kurtbaş (Ed.), Ardahan Değerlemeleri -2- Değerler, Potansiyeller ve Yaklaşımlar (397–427), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • El-Sayed, R. A., Jebur, A. B., Kang, W., & El-Demerdash, F. M. (2022). An overview on the major mycotoxins in food products: characteristics, toxicity, and analysis. Journal of Future Foods, 2 (2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.03.002
  • Elzupir, A. O., Makawi, S. Z. A., &Elhussein, A. M. (2009). Determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dairy feed and milk in wad medani, sudan. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8 (12), 2508–2511. https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19900340126
  • Jia, H., Jia, C., An, Q., Cheng, Y., Jiang, X., Xu, Y., Zhao, R., Peng, W., Zhang, Y., & Su, J. (2020). Ochratoxin A exposure causes meiotic failure and oocyte deterioration in mice. Theriogenology, 148, 236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.005
  • Keyvan, E., Yurdakul, O., Kocasarı, F., Tütün, H., Demirtaş, A., Kahraman, H. A, & Şen, E. (2018). Detection of ochratoxin A in bulk tank milk. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 11(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.424808
  • Malir, F., Louda, M., Toman, J., Ostry, V., Pickova, D., Pacovsky, J., Brodak, M., & Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. (2021). Investigation of ochratoxin A biomarkers in biological materials obtained from patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 158, 112669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112669
  • Marin, S., Ramos, A. J., Cano-Sancho, G., & Sanchis, V. (2013). Mycotoxins: occurrence, toxicology, and exposure assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 60, 218–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.047
  • Miguel Alfonso, R. A., Yael Yvette, B. H., Irma Martha, M. D., Cyndia Azucena, G. A., Briscia Socorro, B. V., José Francisco, H. M., Monserrat, S., & Aurora Elizabeth, R. G. (2022). Genotoxic effects of the ochratoxin A (OTA), its main metabolite (OTα) per se and in combination with fumonisin B1 in HepG2 cells and human lymphocytes. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 878(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503482
  • Pantaya, D., Morgavi, D. P., Silberberg, M., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Martin, C., SuryahadiWiryawan, K. G., &Boudra, H. (2016). Bioavailability of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, but not fumonisin B1 or deoxynivalenol, is increased in starch-induced low ruminal pH in nonlactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(12), 9759–9767. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11421
  • Solti, L., Pécsi, T., Barna-Vetró, I., Szász, F., Biró, K., & Szabó, E. (1999). Analysis of serum and seminal plasma after feeding ochratoxin A with breeding boars. Animal Reproduction Science, 56(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S03784320(99)00032-9
  • Stoev, S.D. (2021). Follow up long term preliminary studies on carcinogenic and toxic effects of ochratoxin A in rats and the putative protection of phenylalanine. Toxicon, 190, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.010
  • Tao, Y., Xie, S., Xu, F., Liu, A., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Pan, Y., Huang, L., Peng, D., Wang, X., & Yuan, Z. (2018). Ochratoxin A: Toxicity, oxidative stress and metabolism. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 112(1), 320–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.002
  • Turkoglu, C., & Keyvan, E. (2019). Determination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk in Turkey. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 47(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.89667
  • Wang, L., Hua, X., Shi, J., Jing, N., Ji, T., Lv, B., Liu, L., & Chen, Y. (2022). Ochratoxin A: Occurrence and recent advances in detoxification. Toxicon, 210(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.010
  • Yılmaz, K., & Aksu Elmalı, D. (2016). Determination of ochratoxin A levels in feeds of beef cattle from some livestock enterprises in Sivas. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 9(3), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.27853
  • Younis, G., Ibrahim, D., Awad, A., & El Bardisy, M. M. (2016). Determination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in milk and dairy products in supermarkets located in Mansoura City, Egypt. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4 (2), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.14737/JOURNAL.AA VS/2016/4.2.114.121

Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 9 - 14, 31.03.2024

Ertan Doğan

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1295366

Abstract

This study's objective is to determine the quantity of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in the feed given to cattle in the Ardahan region. The research was carried out on 30 randomly selected bovine farms in the Ardahan region. Cattle farms were visited in February, March, and April 2023. Thirty samples (10 meadow grass, 10 hay and 10 crushed barley) were collected each month, one sample from each farm visited. In all, 90 feed samples were examined for OTA within the three-month period. The amount of OTA in feed samples was determined by using an ELISA kit. The study did not detect OTA in the meadow grass, hay and crushed barley collected in February. In hay samples, 0.19 µg/kg was detected in March, 0.21 µg/kg in April, and in crushed barley 0.20 µg/kg in March and 0.21 µg/kg OTA in April. In this study, the highest amount of OTA was determined in meadow grass (0.28 µg/kg) collected in April. The difference between the average OTA amounts detected in meadow grass in March and April was statistically significant (p<0.05). It was seen that the amount of OTA detected in the meadow grass, hay and crushed barley was below the maximum limit (5.0 µg/kg) set by the Turkish Food Codex Contaminants Regulation. In this study, it was concluded that meadow grass, hay, and crushed barley given to cattle in February, March, and April in Ardahan region contain ochratoxin A at a level that does not pose a risk to animal and human health.

Keywords

Ardahan Cattle Feed Ochratoxin A Mycotoxin

References

  • Akkaya, M. R., & Bal, M. A. (2013). Regional distribution of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A contaminated beef and dairy cattle feeds in Turkey. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 2(1), 162–166.
  • Anonymous. (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği. Resmi Gazete (Tarih: 29.12.2011, Sayı: 28157), Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Battacone, G., Nudda, A., &Pulina, G. (2010). Effects of ochratoxin A on livestock production. Toxins, 2(7),1796–1824. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2071796
  • Bernardini, C., Grilli, E., Duvigneau, J. C., Zannoni, A., Tugnoli, B., Gentilini, F., Bertuzzi, T., Spinozzi, S., Camborata, C., Bacci, M. L., Piva, A., & Forni, M. (2014). Cellular stress marker alteration and inflammatory response in pigs fed with an ochratoxin contaminated diet. Research in Veterinary Science, 97(2), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.018
  • Boudra, H., Barnouin, J., Dragacci, S., &Morgavi, D. P. (2007). Aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in raw bulk milk from french dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(7), 3197–3201. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-565
  • Clark, H. A., & Snedeker, S. M. (2006). Ochratoxin A: Its cancer risk and potential for exposure. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews, 9(3), 265–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390500195570
  • Doğan, E., & Doğan, A. N. C. (2020). Ardahan ilinde sığır yetiştiriciliğinin önemi ve sığırların bazı zoonotic hastalıkları. İ. Kurtbaş (Ed.), Ardahan Değerlemeleri -2- Değerler, Potansiyeller ve Yaklaşımlar (397–427), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • El-Sayed, R. A., Jebur, A. B., Kang, W., & El-Demerdash, F. M. (2022). An overview on the major mycotoxins in food products: characteristics, toxicity, and analysis. Journal of Future Foods, 2 (2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.03.002
  • Elzupir, A. O., Makawi, S. Z. A., &Elhussein, A. M. (2009). Determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in dairy feed and milk in wad medani, sudan. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8 (12), 2508–2511. https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19900340126
  • Jia, H., Jia, C., An, Q., Cheng, Y., Jiang, X., Xu, Y., Zhao, R., Peng, W., Zhang, Y., & Su, J. (2020). Ochratoxin A exposure causes meiotic failure and oocyte deterioration in mice. Theriogenology, 148, 236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.005
  • Keyvan, E., Yurdakul, O., Kocasarı, F., Tütün, H., Demirtaş, A., Kahraman, H. A, & Şen, E. (2018). Detection of ochratoxin A in bulk tank milk. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 11(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.424808
  • Malir, F., Louda, M., Toman, J., Ostry, V., Pickova, D., Pacovsky, J., Brodak, M., & Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A. (2021). Investigation of ochratoxin A biomarkers in biological materials obtained from patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 158, 112669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112669
  • Marin, S., Ramos, A. J., Cano-Sancho, G., & Sanchis, V. (2013). Mycotoxins: occurrence, toxicology, and exposure assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 60, 218–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.047
  • Miguel Alfonso, R. A., Yael Yvette, B. H., Irma Martha, M. D., Cyndia Azucena, G. A., Briscia Socorro, B. V., José Francisco, H. M., Monserrat, S., & Aurora Elizabeth, R. G. (2022). Genotoxic effects of the ochratoxin A (OTA), its main metabolite (OTα) per se and in combination with fumonisin B1 in HepG2 cells and human lymphocytes. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 878(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503482
  • Pantaya, D., Morgavi, D. P., Silberberg, M., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Martin, C., SuryahadiWiryawan, K. G., &Boudra, H. (2016). Bioavailability of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, but not fumonisin B1 or deoxynivalenol, is increased in starch-induced low ruminal pH in nonlactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(12), 9759–9767. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11421
  • Solti, L., Pécsi, T., Barna-Vetró, I., Szász, F., Biró, K., & Szabó, E. (1999). Analysis of serum and seminal plasma after feeding ochratoxin A with breeding boars. Animal Reproduction Science, 56(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S03784320(99)00032-9
  • Stoev, S.D. (2021). Follow up long term preliminary studies on carcinogenic and toxic effects of ochratoxin A in rats and the putative protection of phenylalanine. Toxicon, 190, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.010
  • Tao, Y., Xie, S., Xu, F., Liu, A., Wang, Y., Chen, D., Pan, Y., Huang, L., Peng, D., Wang, X., & Yuan, Z. (2018). Ochratoxin A: Toxicity, oxidative stress and metabolism. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 112(1), 320–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.002
  • Turkoglu, C., & Keyvan, E. (2019). Determination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk in Turkey. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 47(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.89667
  • Wang, L., Hua, X., Shi, J., Jing, N., Ji, T., Lv, B., Liu, L., & Chen, Y. (2022). Ochratoxin A: Occurrence and recent advances in detoxification. Toxicon, 210(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.010
  • Yılmaz, K., & Aksu Elmalı, D. (2016). Determination of ochratoxin A levels in feeds of beef cattle from some livestock enterprises in Sivas. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 9(3), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.5578/kvj.27853
  • Younis, G., Ibrahim, D., Awad, A., & El Bardisy, M. M. (2016). Determination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in milk and dairy products in supermarkets located in Mansoura City, Egypt. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4 (2), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.14737/JOURNAL.AA VS/2016/4.2.114.121
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Ertan Doğan 0000-0003-0751-0559

Early Pub Date March 8, 2024
Publication Date March 31, 2024
Acceptance Date January 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doğan, E. (2024). Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 17(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1295366
AMA Doğan E. Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province. kvj. March 2024;17(1):9-14. doi:10.30607/kvj.1295366
Chicago Doğan, Ertan. “Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17, no. 1 (March 2024): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1295366.
EndNote Doğan E (March 1, 2024) Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17 1 9–14.
IEEE E. Doğan, “Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province”, kvj, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 9–14, 2024, doi: 10.30607/kvj.1295366.
ISNAD Doğan, Ertan. “Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 17/1 (March 2024), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1295366.
JAMA Doğan E. Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province. kvj. 2024;17:9–14.
MLA Doğan, Ertan. “Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, 2024, pp. 9-14, doi:10.30607/kvj.1295366.
Vancouver Doğan E. Investigation of Ochratoxin A Level in Feed Used in Bovine Feeding in Ardahan Province. kvj. 2024;17(1):9-14.
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