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The Relationship between Election Participation Behaviour and Educational Level: The Case of the Turkish General Election of 14 May 2023

Year 2024, Issue: 115, 35 - 56, 28.09.2024

Mahmut Turan Ektiren

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1361880

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between voting behavior and educational level using a correlational survey model. The population of the study is Turkey, and the sample consists of individuals aged 18 and above who are eligible to vote. The sample was collected using statistics from the Supreme Election Council and data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The study seeks to investigate the relationship between the educational levels of Turkish citizens and their voting behavior during the May 14 general elections, utilizing provincial statistics from the Supreme Election Council and data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The analyses conducted within this scope revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between the rate of illiteracy and the rate of invalid votes. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation was found between the rate of those who are literate but have not graduated from any school and the rate of invalid votes.

Keywords

Political Science Election Participation Voting Education Level

References

  • Abramson, P. R., ve Aldrich, J. H. (1982). The decline of electoral participation in America. American Political Science Review, 76(3), 502-521.
  • Ahlskog, R. (2020). Education and voter turnout revisited: Evidence from a Swedish twin sample with validated turnout data. Electoral Studies, 69, 102186.
  • Aldrich, J. H., Montgomery, J. M., ve Wood, W. (2011). Turnout as a habit. Political Behavior, 33, 535-563.
  • Amos, B., Smith, D. A., ve Ste. Claire, C. (2016). Reprecincting and voting behavior. Political Behavior, 39, 133-156.
  • Arbour, B. K., ve Hayes, D. (2005). Voter turnout in the California recall: Where did the ıncrease come from?. American Politics Research, 33(2), 187-215.
  • Arnold, F. (2015). Turnout and closeness: Evidence from 60 years of Bavarian mayoral elections. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 120(2), 624-653.
  • Barwig, A. (2009). How electoral rules matter: voter turnout in Morocco’s 2007 parliamentary elections. The Journal of North African Studies, 14(2), 289-307.
  • Bassi, A. (2018). Weather, risk, and voting: An experimental analysis of the effect of weather on vote choice. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 6(1), 17-32.
  • Burden, B. C. (2009). The dynamic effects of education on voter turnout. Electoral Studies, 28(4), 540-549.
  • Burden, B. C., Herd, P., Jones, B. M., ve Moynihan, D. P. (2020). Education, early life, and political participation: New evidence from a sibling model. Research & Politics, 7(3), 2053168020958319.
  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., ve Donald, E. (1960). Stokes. The american voter. New York: Wiley.
  • Damsbo-Svendsen, S., ve Hansen, K. M. (2023). When the election rains out and how bad weather excludes marginal voters from turning out. Electoral Studies, 81, 102573.
  • Dinesen, P. T., Dawes, C. T., Johannesson, M., Klemmensen, R., Magnusson, P., Nørgaard, A. S., Petersen, I. ve Oskarsson, S. (2016). Estimating the impact of education on political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Denmark and Sweden. Political Behavior, 38, 579-601.
  • Dyck, J. J., ve Gimpel, J. G. (2005). Distance, turnout, and the convenience of voting. Social Science Quarterly, 86(3), 531-548.
  • Eisinga, R., Te Grotenhuis, M., ve Pelzer, B. (2011). Weather conditions and voter turnout in Dutch national parliament elections, 1971–2010. International Journal Of Biometeorology, 56, 783-786.
  • Erkmen, A. (2018). Türkiye’de 1950 ile 2002 yılları arasında uygulanan genel seçim sistemlerinin halk iradesine etkisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 1225-1247.
  • Fauvelle-Aymar, C., ve Stegmaier, M. (2008). Economic and political effects on European Parliamentary electoral turnout in post-communist Europe. Electoral Studies, 27(4), 661-672.
  • Fraenkel, J.R. ve Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to desing and evaluate research in education. New York: McGaw-Hill International Edition.
  • Gallego, A. (2010). Understanding unequal turnout: Education and voting in comparative perspective. Electoral Studies, 29(2), 239-248.
  • Garcia-Rodriguez, A., ve Redmond, P. (2020). Rainfall, population density and voter turnout. Electoral Studies, 64, 102128.
  • Gidengil, E., Tarkiainen, L., Wass, H., ve Martikainen, P. (2017). Turnout and education: Is education proxying for pre-adult experiences within the family?. Political Science Research and Methods, 7(2), 349-365.
  • Gomez, B. T., Hansford, T. G., ve Krause, G. A. (2007). The Republicans should pray for rain: Weather, turnout, and voting in US presidential elections. The Journal of Politics, 69(3), 649-663.
  • Hansen, E. R., ve Tyner, A. (2019). Educational attainment and social norms of voting. Political Behavior, 43, 711-735.
  • Harka, E., ve Rocco, L. (2019). Studying more to vote less. Education and voter turnout in Italy. European Journal of Political Economy, 72, 102-115.
  • Hortala-Vallve, R., ve Esteve-Volart, B. (2011). Voter turnout and electoral competition in a multidimensional policy space. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 376-384.
  • Jackson, R. A. (1995). Clarifying the relationship between education and turnout. American Politics Quarterly, 23(3), 279-299.
  • Jaitman, L. (2013). The causal effect of compulsory voting laws on turnout: Does skill matter?. Journal of Economic Behavior ve Organization, 92, 79-93.
  • Jewitt, C. E. (2014). Packed primaries and empty caucuses: voter turnout in presidential nominations. Public Choice, 160, 295-312.
  • Kam, C. D., ve Palmer, C. L. (2008). Reconsidering the effects of education on political participation. The Journal of Politics, 70(3), 612-631.
  • Kang, W. C. (2019). Liberals should pray for rain: weather, opportunity costs of voting and electoral outcomes in South Korea. Political Science, 71(1), 61-78.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kim, D. (2015). The effect of party mobilization, group identity, and racial context on Asian Americans’ turnout. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(4), 592-614.
  • Kim, Y. (2023). Absolutely Relative: How Education Shapes Voter Turnout in the United States. Social Indicators Research, 1-23.
  • Kiriş, H. M. (2015). Türkiye’de ‘Seçim Sandığı’ Tartışmaları: Seçime Katılma Oranlarının Anlamı ve Önemi. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 9 (19), 25-50. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/toplumdd/issue/22712/242422
  • Köklü, N., Büyüköztürk, Ş. ve Çokluk Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2006). Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
  • Lahtinen, H., Mattila, M., Wass, H., ve Martikainen, P. (2017). Explaining social class inequality in voter turnout: the contribution of income and health. Scandinavian Political Studies, 40(4), 388-410.
  • Lee, J. (2004). Who votes and why in Korea?. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 16(2), 183-198. Lee, J., ve Hwang, W. (2017). Weather, voter turnout and partisan effects in Korea, 1995–1999. Asian Journal of Social Science, 45(4-5), 507-528.
  • Leighley, J. E., ve Nagler, J. (2014). Who votes now?. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Lewis-Beck, M. S., Norpoth, H., Jacoby, W. G., ve Weisberg, H. F. (2009). The American voter revisited. University of Michigan Press.
  • Martikainen, P., Martikainen, T., ve Wass, H. (2005). The effect of socioeconomic factors on voter turnout in Finland: A registerbased study of 2.9 million voters. European Journal of Political Research, 44(5), 645-669.
  • Mattila, M. (2003). Why bother? Determinants of turnout in the European elections. Electoral Studies, 22(3), 449-468.
  • Mayer, A. K. (2011). Does education increase political participation?. The Journal of Politics, 73(3), 633-645.
  • MEB. (2023). Türkiye’de 5-14 Yaş Aralığındaki Okullaşma Oranı Yüzde 99’a Ulaştı, http://meb.ai/UPwZrWO, (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2023).
  • Nie, N. H., Junn, J., ve Stehlik-Barry, K. (1996). Education and democratic citizenship in America. University of Chicago Press.
  • Olgun, K. (2011). Türkiye’de cumhuriyetin ilanından 1950’ye genel seçim uygulamaları. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 27(79), 1-36.
  • Orford, S., Rallings, C., Thrasher, M., ve Borisyuk, G. (2008). Investigating differences in electoral turnout: the influence of ward-level context on participation in local and parliamentary elections in Britain. Environment and Planning A, 40(5), 1250-1268.
  • Parinduri, R. A. (2016). Does education increase political participation? Evidence from Indonesia. Education Economics, 27(6), 645-657.
  • Rallings, C., Thrasher, M., ve Borisyuk, G. (2003). Seasonal factors, voter fatigue and the costs of voting. Electoral Studies, 22(1), 65-79.
  • Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 30362), https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/03/20180316-28.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • Rosenstone, Steven J., and John M. Hansen. (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in america. New York: Longman.
  • Schroedel, J., Rogers, M., Dietrich, J., Johnston, S., ve Berg, A. (2020). Assessing the efficacy of early voting access on Indian reservations: evidence from a natural experiment in Nevada. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(1), 81-99.
  • Shineman, V. (2021). Isolating the effect of compulsory voting laws on political sophistication: Leveraging intra-national variation in mandatory voting laws between the Austrian Provinces. Electoral Studies, 71, 102265.
  • Singh, S. P. (2015). Compulsory voting and the turnout decision calculus. Political Studies, 63(3), 548-568.
  • Sondheimer, R. M., ve Green, D. P. (2010). Using experiments to estimate the effects of education on voter turnout. American Journal of Political Science, 54(1), 174-189.
  • Sunshine Hillygus, D. (2005). The missing link: Exploring the relationship between higher education and political engagement. Political Behavior, 27, 25-47.
  • Tenn, S. (2007). The effect of education on voter turnout. Political Analysis, 15(4), 446-464.
  • TÜİK. (2012). Milletvekili Genel Seçimleri 1923-2011, https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/1923-2011-MVSecimleri-Tuik.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • TÜİK. (2023). Ulusal Eğitim İstatistikleri, 2022, https://data.TÜİK.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ulusal-Egitim-Istatistikleri-2022-49756, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., ve Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.
  • Vowles, J., Katz, G., ve Stevens, D. (2017). Electoral competitiveness and turnout in British elections, 1964–2010. Political Science Research and Methods, 5(4), 775-794.
  • Weinschenk, A. C., ve Dawes, C. T. (2022). Civic education in high school and voter turnout in adulthood. British Journal of Political Science, 52(2), 934-948.
  • Wilford, A. M. (2020). Understanding the competing effects of economic hardship and income inequality on voter turnout. Politics ve Policy, 48(2), 314-338.
  • Wolfinger, R. E., ve Rosenstone, S. J. (1980). Who votes?. Yale University Press.
  • YSK Seçmen Kütüğü Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). 14 Mayıs 2023 Cumhurbaşkanı ve 28. Dönem Milletvekili genel seçimleri seçim istatistikleri bülteni, https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/docs/14Mayis2023CBSecimIstatistik.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • Yücel, B. (2013). Seçimlere Katılma Oranının Siyasi Sisteme Etkisi Üzerine Gözlemler. Yasama Dergisi, (24) , 7-36 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yasamadergisi/issue/54521/743124

Seçime Katılma Davranışının Eğitim Düzeyi ile İlişkisi: 14 Mayıs 2023 Türkiye Genel Seçimleri Örneği

Year 2024, Issue: 115, 35 - 56, 28.09.2024

Mahmut Turan Ektiren

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1361880

Abstract

Bu araştırmada seçime katılma davranışının eğitim düzeyi ile ilişkisini incelemek amacıyla ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni Türkiye’dir. Örneklem ise 18 yaş üzeri oy kullanma yaşına gelmiş kişilerden oluşmaktadır. Örnekleme, Yüksek Seçim Kurulu istatistikleri ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verileri marifeti ile toplanmıştır. 14 Mayıs genel seçimleri il istatistikleri, Yüksek Seçim Kurulu istatistik verilerinden yararlanarak, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşlarının eğitim durumları ile Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verileri doğrultusunda seçime katılma davranışının eğitim düzeyi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yapılan analizler sonucunda: okuma yazma bilmeyenlerin oranı ile geçerli oy kapsamı dışında kalan oy oranı arasında pozitif yönlü yüksek düzeyde ilişkinin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca okuma yazma bilen ancak herhangi bir okuldan mezun olmayanların oranı ile geçerli oy kapsamı dışında kalan oy oranı arasında pozitif ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Siyaset Bilimi Seçim Katılım Oy Kullanma Eğitim Düzeyi

References

  • Abramson, P. R., ve Aldrich, J. H. (1982). The decline of electoral participation in America. American Political Science Review, 76(3), 502-521.
  • Ahlskog, R. (2020). Education and voter turnout revisited: Evidence from a Swedish twin sample with validated turnout data. Electoral Studies, 69, 102186.
  • Aldrich, J. H., Montgomery, J. M., ve Wood, W. (2011). Turnout as a habit. Political Behavior, 33, 535-563.
  • Amos, B., Smith, D. A., ve Ste. Claire, C. (2016). Reprecincting and voting behavior. Political Behavior, 39, 133-156.
  • Arbour, B. K., ve Hayes, D. (2005). Voter turnout in the California recall: Where did the ıncrease come from?. American Politics Research, 33(2), 187-215.
  • Arnold, F. (2015). Turnout and closeness: Evidence from 60 years of Bavarian mayoral elections. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 120(2), 624-653.
  • Barwig, A. (2009). How electoral rules matter: voter turnout in Morocco’s 2007 parliamentary elections. The Journal of North African Studies, 14(2), 289-307.
  • Bassi, A. (2018). Weather, risk, and voting: An experimental analysis of the effect of weather on vote choice. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 6(1), 17-32.
  • Burden, B. C. (2009). The dynamic effects of education on voter turnout. Electoral Studies, 28(4), 540-549.
  • Burden, B. C., Herd, P., Jones, B. M., ve Moynihan, D. P. (2020). Education, early life, and political participation: New evidence from a sibling model. Research & Politics, 7(3), 2053168020958319.
  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., ve Donald, E. (1960). Stokes. The american voter. New York: Wiley.
  • Damsbo-Svendsen, S., ve Hansen, K. M. (2023). When the election rains out and how bad weather excludes marginal voters from turning out. Electoral Studies, 81, 102573.
  • Dinesen, P. T., Dawes, C. T., Johannesson, M., Klemmensen, R., Magnusson, P., Nørgaard, A. S., Petersen, I. ve Oskarsson, S. (2016). Estimating the impact of education on political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Denmark and Sweden. Political Behavior, 38, 579-601.
  • Dyck, J. J., ve Gimpel, J. G. (2005). Distance, turnout, and the convenience of voting. Social Science Quarterly, 86(3), 531-548.
  • Eisinga, R., Te Grotenhuis, M., ve Pelzer, B. (2011). Weather conditions and voter turnout in Dutch national parliament elections, 1971–2010. International Journal Of Biometeorology, 56, 783-786.
  • Erkmen, A. (2018). Türkiye’de 1950 ile 2002 yılları arasında uygulanan genel seçim sistemlerinin halk iradesine etkisi. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 1225-1247.
  • Fauvelle-Aymar, C., ve Stegmaier, M. (2008). Economic and political effects on European Parliamentary electoral turnout in post-communist Europe. Electoral Studies, 27(4), 661-672.
  • Fraenkel, J.R. ve Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to desing and evaluate research in education. New York: McGaw-Hill International Edition.
  • Gallego, A. (2010). Understanding unequal turnout: Education and voting in comparative perspective. Electoral Studies, 29(2), 239-248.
  • Garcia-Rodriguez, A., ve Redmond, P. (2020). Rainfall, population density and voter turnout. Electoral Studies, 64, 102128.
  • Gidengil, E., Tarkiainen, L., Wass, H., ve Martikainen, P. (2017). Turnout and education: Is education proxying for pre-adult experiences within the family?. Political Science Research and Methods, 7(2), 349-365.
  • Gomez, B. T., Hansford, T. G., ve Krause, G. A. (2007). The Republicans should pray for rain: Weather, turnout, and voting in US presidential elections. The Journal of Politics, 69(3), 649-663.
  • Hansen, E. R., ve Tyner, A. (2019). Educational attainment and social norms of voting. Political Behavior, 43, 711-735.
  • Harka, E., ve Rocco, L. (2019). Studying more to vote less. Education and voter turnout in Italy. European Journal of Political Economy, 72, 102-115.
  • Hortala-Vallve, R., ve Esteve-Volart, B. (2011). Voter turnout and electoral competition in a multidimensional policy space. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 376-384.
  • Jackson, R. A. (1995). Clarifying the relationship between education and turnout. American Politics Quarterly, 23(3), 279-299.
  • Jaitman, L. (2013). The causal effect of compulsory voting laws on turnout: Does skill matter?. Journal of Economic Behavior ve Organization, 92, 79-93.
  • Jewitt, C. E. (2014). Packed primaries and empty caucuses: voter turnout in presidential nominations. Public Choice, 160, 295-312.
  • Kam, C. D., ve Palmer, C. L. (2008). Reconsidering the effects of education on political participation. The Journal of Politics, 70(3), 612-631.
  • Kang, W. C. (2019). Liberals should pray for rain: weather, opportunity costs of voting and electoral outcomes in South Korea. Political Science, 71(1), 61-78.
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kim, D. (2015). The effect of party mobilization, group identity, and racial context on Asian Americans’ turnout. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(4), 592-614.
  • Kim, Y. (2023). Absolutely Relative: How Education Shapes Voter Turnout in the United States. Social Indicators Research, 1-23.
  • Kiriş, H. M. (2015). Türkiye’de ‘Seçim Sandığı’ Tartışmaları: Seçime Katılma Oranlarının Anlamı ve Önemi. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 9 (19), 25-50. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/toplumdd/issue/22712/242422
  • Köklü, N., Büyüköztürk, Ş. ve Çokluk Bökeoğlu, Ö. (2006). Sosyal Bilimler için İstatistik. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
  • Lahtinen, H., Mattila, M., Wass, H., ve Martikainen, P. (2017). Explaining social class inequality in voter turnout: the contribution of income and health. Scandinavian Political Studies, 40(4), 388-410.
  • Lee, J. (2004). Who votes and why in Korea?. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 16(2), 183-198. Lee, J., ve Hwang, W. (2017). Weather, voter turnout and partisan effects in Korea, 1995–1999. Asian Journal of Social Science, 45(4-5), 507-528.
  • Leighley, J. E., ve Nagler, J. (2014). Who votes now?. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Lewis-Beck, M. S., Norpoth, H., Jacoby, W. G., ve Weisberg, H. F. (2009). The American voter revisited. University of Michigan Press.
  • Martikainen, P., Martikainen, T., ve Wass, H. (2005). The effect of socioeconomic factors on voter turnout in Finland: A registerbased study of 2.9 million voters. European Journal of Political Research, 44(5), 645-669.
  • Mattila, M. (2003). Why bother? Determinants of turnout in the European elections. Electoral Studies, 22(3), 449-468.
  • Mayer, A. K. (2011). Does education increase political participation?. The Journal of Politics, 73(3), 633-645.
  • MEB. (2023). Türkiye’de 5-14 Yaş Aralığındaki Okullaşma Oranı Yüzde 99’a Ulaştı, http://meb.ai/UPwZrWO, (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2023).
  • Nie, N. H., Junn, J., ve Stehlik-Barry, K. (1996). Education and democratic citizenship in America. University of Chicago Press.
  • Olgun, K. (2011). Türkiye’de cumhuriyetin ilanından 1950’ye genel seçim uygulamaları. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 27(79), 1-36.
  • Orford, S., Rallings, C., Thrasher, M., ve Borisyuk, G. (2008). Investigating differences in electoral turnout: the influence of ward-level context on participation in local and parliamentary elections in Britain. Environment and Planning A, 40(5), 1250-1268.
  • Parinduri, R. A. (2016). Does education increase political participation? Evidence from Indonesia. Education Economics, 27(6), 645-657.
  • Rallings, C., Thrasher, M., ve Borisyuk, G. (2003). Seasonal factors, voter fatigue and the costs of voting. Electoral Studies, 22(1), 65-79.
  • Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 30362), https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/03/20180316-28.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • Rosenstone, Steven J., and John M. Hansen. (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in america. New York: Longman.
  • Schroedel, J., Rogers, M., Dietrich, J., Johnston, S., ve Berg, A. (2020). Assessing the efficacy of early voting access on Indian reservations: evidence from a natural experiment in Nevada. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 10(1), 81-99.
  • Shineman, V. (2021). Isolating the effect of compulsory voting laws on political sophistication: Leveraging intra-national variation in mandatory voting laws between the Austrian Provinces. Electoral Studies, 71, 102265.
  • Singh, S. P. (2015). Compulsory voting and the turnout decision calculus. Political Studies, 63(3), 548-568.
  • Sondheimer, R. M., ve Green, D. P. (2010). Using experiments to estimate the effects of education on voter turnout. American Journal of Political Science, 54(1), 174-189.
  • Sunshine Hillygus, D. (2005). The missing link: Exploring the relationship between higher education and political engagement. Political Behavior, 27, 25-47.
  • Tenn, S. (2007). The effect of education on voter turnout. Political Analysis, 15(4), 446-464.
  • TÜİK. (2012). Milletvekili Genel Seçimleri 1923-2011, https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/1923-2011-MVSecimleri-Tuik.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • TÜİK. (2023). Ulusal Eğitim İstatistikleri, 2022, https://data.TÜİK.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Ulusal-Egitim-Istatistikleri-2022-49756, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., ve Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.
  • Vowles, J., Katz, G., ve Stevens, D. (2017). Electoral competitiveness and turnout in British elections, 1964–2010. Political Science Research and Methods, 5(4), 775-794.
  • Weinschenk, A. C., ve Dawes, C. T. (2022). Civic education in high school and voter turnout in adulthood. British Journal of Political Science, 52(2), 934-948.
  • Wilford, A. M. (2020). Understanding the competing effects of economic hardship and income inequality on voter turnout. Politics ve Policy, 48(2), 314-338.
  • Wolfinger, R. E., ve Rosenstone, S. J. (1980). Who votes?. Yale University Press.
  • YSK Seçmen Kütüğü Genel Müdürlüğü. (2023). 14 Mayıs 2023 Cumhurbaşkanı ve 28. Dönem Milletvekili genel seçimleri seçim istatistikleri bülteni, https://www.ysk.gov.tr/doc/dosyalar/docs/14Mayis2023CBSecimIstatistik.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 27.06.2023).
  • Yücel, B. (2013). Seçimlere Katılma Oranının Siyasi Sisteme Etkisi Üzerine Gözlemler. Yasama Dergisi, (24) , 7-36 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/yasamadergisi/issue/54521/743124
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma
Authors

Mahmut Turan Ektiren 0000-0002-4756-4351

Early Pub Date November 6, 2024
Publication Date September 28, 2024
Submission Date September 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 115

Cite

APA Ektiren, M. T. (2024). Seçime Katılma Davranışının Eğitim Düzeyi ile İlişkisi: 14 Mayıs 2023 Türkiye Genel Seçimleri Örneği. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(115), 35-56. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1361880
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