Sığırlarda hemorajik bağırsak sendromu

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 108 - 112, 31.12.2019

Nuri Mamak , Mehmet Kazim Börkü

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.638881

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Hemorajik bağırsak sendromu,  daha yaygın olarak sütçü ve etçi sığırlarda
görülen ölüm oranı yüksek bir hastalıktır. Akut, sporadik ve nekrohemorajik
enterit olarak sınıflandırılır. Süt verimi yüksek sığırlarda yaygın olarak
görülür. Hemorajik bağırsak sendromu'nun nedeni belirsizdir ve patogenezi tam
olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Primer etiyolojik etkenin Clostridium perfringens tip A olduğu ağırlıklı bir
şekilde öne sürülmüş olup, etkenin alfa ve beta2 toksininin, hastalığın
oluşumunda önemli bir rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hastalık, özellikle
laktasyondaki süt ineklerinde, laktasyonun ilk 3 ayında görülür. Rasyon, hemorajik
bağırsak sendromu gelişiminde en önemli predispozan faktör olarak
görülmektedir. İnce bağırsaklardaki şiddetli toksemi (enterotoksemi) ve yoğun
hemoraji, bağırsaklarda patolojik değişikliklere neden olur. Spesifik bir hemorajik
bağırsak sendromu bulgusu olan bağırsak lumenindeki kan pıhtılaşması,
sendromdan etkilenen ineklerin sadece % 19'unda tespit edilebilir. Teşhis;
genellikle klinik, ultrason ve nekropsi bulgularına dayanır ve teşhis, ayrıca salmonellozis,
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ve koksidiyoz vb. kaynaklı diğer hemorajik enteritlerin
ayırıcı tanısı ile olur. Prognoz kötüdür ve ölüm oranı, yoğun medikal ve şirurjikal
tedaviye rağmen yaklaşık % 100'dür. Hastalığın kontrolü için yem katkı
maddelerinin kullanımı, iyi beslenme yönetimi ve aşı uygulaması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Clostridium perfringens, sığır, HBS, hemorrhagic bağırsak sendromu, jejunal hematom, jejunal hemorajik sendrom

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in cattle

Abstract

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is relatively
common disease in dairy and beef cattle which has high fatality rate. It is classified
as acute, sporadic and necrohemorrhagic enteritis. It is commonly seen in
highly productive dairy cattle. The cause of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is
unclear and the pathogenesis is not well-understood. As a primary etiologic
agent Clostridium perfringens type A has been strongly proposed and its
alpha and beta2 toxin are suggested to have an important role in occurence of
the disease. Disease especially occur in lactating dairy cows in the first 3
months of lactation. Ration is seem to be the most important predisposing
factor in the development of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. Severe toxemia
(enterotoxemia) and intense hemorrhage in the small intestine cause
pathological changes in the intestine. The blood clots in the intestinal lumen,
a specific finding of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome can only be demonstrated in
19% of affected cows. Diagnosis is often based on the clinical, ultrasound and
necropsy findings and also with differential diagnosis of other haemorrhagic
enteritis caused by salmonellosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea and coccidiosis etc. Prognosis
is poor and fatality rate is nearly 100% despite intensive medical and surgical
therapy. The use of feed additives, good nutritional management and vaccine
administration are recommended for disease control.

Keywords

Clostridium perfringens, cattle, HBS, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, jejunal hematoma, jejunal hemorrhagic syndrome

References

• 1. Owaki S, Kawabuchi S , Ikemitsu K , Shono H, Furuoka H . Pathological findings of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) in six dairy cattle cases. J Vet Med Sci. 2015; 77(7): 879-81.
• 2. Radostits OM, Gay GC, Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD. Veterinary Medicine. 10th ed. London: Saunders; 2007. p.380-2.
• 3. Kırbaş A, Özdemir H: Sütçü sığırlarda hemorajik bağırsak sendromu. e-Journal of NWSA, 2011;6 (2): 10-7.
• 4. Abutarbush SM, Carmalt JL, Wilson DG, O’Connor BP, Clark EG, Naylor JM. Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in 2 Canadian beef cows. Can Vet J. 2004;45(1): 48-50.
• 5. Valgaeren B. "Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome" in Cows. Vlaams Diergen Tijds. 2017;86(2):120-1.
• 6. Adaska, JM, Aly SS, Moeller RB, Blanchard PC, Anderson M, Kinde H, et al. Jejunal hematoma in cattle: a retrospective case analysis. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2014;26(1): 96-103.
• 7. Kirkpatrick MA, Kersting KW, Kinyon JM. Case report-Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome of dairy cattle. Bovine Pract. 2001;35(2): 104-16.
• 8. Simon F. Peek, Sheila M. McGuirk, Raymond W. Sweeney, Kevin J. Cummings. Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome). In: Divers T, Peek SF, editor(s). Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Third ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2018. p:311-5.
• 9. Reeves EP, Messina CGM, Doyle S, Kavanagh K. Correlation between gliotoxin production and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus in Galleria mellonella. Mycopathologia 2004;158(1):73-9.
• 10. Bauer J, Gareis M, Bott A, Gedek B. Isolation of a mycotoxin (gliotoxin) from a bovine udder infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. J Med Vet Mycol. 1989;27(1):45-50.
• 11. Elhanafy MM, French DD, Braun U. Understanding jejunal hemorrhage syndrome. Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;243(3):352-8.
• 12. Baines D, Erb S, Turkington K, Kuldau G, Juba J, Masson L, Mazza A, Roberts R. Mouldy feed, mycotoxins and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli colonization associated with Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome in beef cattle. BMC Vet Res. 2011; 3:7:24.
• 13. Dennison AC, VanMetre DC, Callan RJ, Dinsmore P, Mason GL, Ellis RP. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002; 221(5):686-9.
• 14. Abutarbush SM, Radostits OM. Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in dairy and beef cattle: 11 cases (2001-2003). Can Vet J. 2005;46: 711-5.
• 15. Berghaus RD, McCluskey BJ, Callan RJ. Risk factors associated with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005; 226(10):1700-6.
• 16. Godden S, Frank R, Ames T. Survey of Minnesota dairy veterinarians on the occurrence of and potential risk factors for jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in adult dairy cows. Bovine Pract. 2001;(35):97-103.
• 17. Tajik J, Mohammadi GR, Rad M, Barati A. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle in Iran: a case report. Iran J Vet Res. 2010;11(2):180-3.
• 18. Koç R, Gökce Hİ. Determination of the toxins and Biotypes of Clostridium perfringens in Diarrhoeic Calves in Kars District of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2007;31(3): 207-11.
• 19. Chalupa W, Vecchiarelli B, Galligan DT, Ferguson LS, Baird TRW, Hemken RJ, et al. Responses of dairy cows supplemented with somatotropin during weeks 5 through 43 of lactation. J Dairy Sci. 1996;79(5):800-12.
• 20. Tessmann, NJ, Radloff HD, Kleinmans J, Dhiman TR, Satter LD. Milk production response to dietary forage:grain ratio. J Dairy Sci. 1991;74:2696-707.
• 21. Gökce Hİ, Genç, O, Sözmen, M, Gökçe, G. Determination of Clostridium perfringens Toxin-Types in Sheep with Suspected Enterotoxaemia in Kars Provinces, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2007;31(5): 355-60.
• 22. Ceci L, Paradies P, Sasanelli M, de Caprariis D, Guarda F, Capucchio MT, et al. Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in dairy cattle: possible role of Clostridium perfringens Type A in the disease complex. J Vet A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2006;53(10): 518-23.
• 23. Braun U, Schmid T, Muggli E, Steininger K, Previtali M, Gerspach C, et al. Clinical findings and treatment in 63 cows with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2010;152(11):515-22.
• 24. Ok M, Yıldız R, Naseri A. Ultrasonographic Finding In Anterior Displacement of Abomasum In A Cow. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2014;20 (2): 317-9.
• 25. Altan Semih, Alkan Fahrettin, Koç Y, Erol Muharrem, Yıldız R. Ectopic Reticulum In A Cow. Pak Vet J. 2016;36(3):382-4.
• 26. Mamak N, Hasircioglu S, Gokce HI, Yavru S, Kale M, Yildiz R, Avci O, Bulut O, Yapici O, Simsek A. The Effects of Vaccination on the Immune Responses of Dairy Cattle Seropositive to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). J Anim Vet Adv. 2013;12(13):1151-5.
• 27. Yıldız R, İder M. Klostridiyal hastalıklarda aşılama. In: Ok M, editor(s). Ruminantlarda Klostridiyal Enfeksiyonlar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2019. p.52-6.
• 28. Constable PD, Nouri M, Sen I, Baird AN, Wittek T. (2012). Evidence-based use of prokinetic drugs for abomasal disorders in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2012;28(1):51-70.