Research Article
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Estimation of body weight and body condition score in dairy cows by digital image analysis method

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 115 - 121, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.963188

Abstract

In this study the body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) of lactating cows was estimated by using conventional (CM) the digital image analysis methods (DIAM). BCS is an important factor to facilitate different practices of management in dairy cattle. A total of 204 Holstein cows live images were taken by remote shutter camera. Six body measurements such as heart girth (HG), wither height (WH), hip height (HH), body length (BL), front hip-width (FHW), and back hip-width (BHW) were used for the assessment of BW and BCS by CM and DIAM. The estimation of CBW using HG, FHW, and BL variables was effective (R2 = 0.75). However, all the body measurements were ineffective for body condition score by measurements (MBCS), (R2 = 0.06, conventional) and DBCS (R2 = 0.05, digital) estimation. The measurements of WH, HG, FHW, BHW, and BL were precise in DBW estimation (R2 = 0.77). No significant differences were found across the assessment methods (CM, DIAM) for body measurements. The intra-class reliability coefficient (ICC) of conventional and digital (MBW, DBW) measurements was “good” and “excellent” between conventional and digital estimations. This study indicates that DIAM is a reliable method for determining DBW and MBW, and can be interchanged effectively with CM.

Supporting Institution

Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi

Project Number

VTF-15040

Thanks

Sanan RAZA

References

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  • Frost AR, Schofield CP, Beaulah SA, Mottram TT, Lines JA, Wathes CM. A review of livestock monitoring and the need for integrated systems. Computers and electronics in agriculture. 1997 May 1;17(2):139-59.
  • Green LE, Huxley JN, Banks C, Green MJ. Temporal associations between low body condition, lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd. Preventive Vet Med. 2014 Jan 1;113(1):63-71.
  • Janssen SJ, Porter CH, Moore AD, Athanasiadis IN, Foster I, Jones JW, Antle JM. Towards a new generation of agricultural system data, models and knowledge products: Information and communication technology. Agricultural Syst.2017;155:200-212.
  • Hansen MF, Smith ML, Smith LN, Jabbar KA, Forbes D. Automated monitoring of dairy cow body condition, mobility and weight using a single 3D video capture device. Computers in industry. 2018 Jun 1;98:14-22.
  • Spoliansky R, Edan Y, Parmet Y, Halachmi I. Development of automatic body condition scoring using a low-cost 3-dimensional Kinect camera. J. Dairy Sci. 2016 Sep 1;99(9):7714-25.
  • Bozkurt Y, Mikail N, Ulusar UD, Aktas H, Dogan C. Prediction Of Bodyweight Of Holstein And Brown-Swiss Male Cattle By Using Digital Images. Scientific Papers: Series D, Animal Science-The International Session of Scientific Communications of the Faculty of Animal Science. 2017 Jan 1;60.
  • Song X, Bokkers EA, van der Tol PP, Koerkamp PG, Van Mourik S. Automated body weight prediction of dairy cows using 3-dimensional vision. J. Dairy Sci. 2018 May 1;101(5):4448-59.
  • Edmonson AJ, Lean IJ, Weaver LD, Farver T, Webster G. A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1989;72(1):68-78.
  • Spor AR. Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlilik-Güvenirlilik.(4. Baskı). Ankara. Detay Yayıncılık. 2016:513-557.
  • Özdamar L, Ertem MA. Models, solutions and enabling technologies in humanitarian logistics. European Journal of Operational Research. 2015 Jul 1;244(1):55-65.
  • Wangchuk K, Wangdi J, Mindu M. Comparison and reliability of techniques to estimate live cattle body weight. J. appl. ani. res. 2018 Jan 1;46(1):349-52.
  • Kristensen E, Dueholm L, Vink D, Andersen JE, Jakobsen EB, Illum-Nielsen S, Petersen FA, Enevoldsen C. Within-and across-person uniformity of body condition scoring in Danish Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci.2006 Sep 1;89(9):3721-8.
  • Taşdemir Ş. Dijital görüntü analiz yöntemi ile siyah alaca ineklerde vücut ölçülerinin belirlenmesi ve canlı ağırlığının tahmin edilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). 2010. Turkey.
  • Kuzuhara Y, Kawamura K, Yoshitoshi R, Tamaki T, Sugai S, Ikegami M, Kurokawa Y, Obitsu T, Okita M, Sugino T, Yasuda T. A preliminarily study for predicting body weight and milk properties in lactating Holstein cows using a three-dimensional camera system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2015 Feb 1;111:186-93.
  • Bewley JM, Peacock AM, Lewis O, Boyce RE, Roberts DJ, Coffey MP, Kenyon SJ, Schutz MM. Potential for estimation of body condition scores in dairy cattle from digital images. J. Dairy Sci. 2008 Sep 1;91(9):3439-53.
  • Azzaro G, Caccamo M, Ferguson JD, Battiato S, Farinella GM, Guarnera GC, Puglisi G, Petriglieri R, Licitra G. Objective estimation of body condition score by modeling cow body shape from digital images. J. Dairy Sci. 2011 Apr 1;94(4):2126-37.
  • Heinrichs AJ, Rogers GW, Cooper JB. Predicting body weight and wither height in Holstein heifers using body measurements. J. Dairy Sci. 1992 Dec 1;75(12):3576-81.
  • Enevoldsen C, Kristensen T. Estimation of body weight from body size measurements and body condition scores in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1997 Sep 1;80(9):1988-95.
  • Gunawan A, Jakaria J. Application of linear body measurements for predicting weaning and yearling weight of bali cattle. Animal Prod. 2010;12(3).
  • Rashid MM, Hoque MA, Huque KS, Talukder MA, Bhuiyan AF. Morphometric characterization of Brahman crossbred cattle and prediction of live weight using linear body measurements. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015;1(3):569-77.
  • Heinrichs AJ, Heinrichs BS, Jones CM, Erickson PS, Kalscheur KF, Nennich TD, Heins BJ, Cardoso FC. Verifying Holstein heifer heart girth to body weight prediction equations. Journal of dairy science. 2017 Oct 1;100(10):8451-4.
  • Tebug SF, Missohou A, Sourokou Sabi S, Juga J, Poole EJ, Tapio M, Marshall K. Using body measurements to estimate live weight of dairy cattle in low-input systems in Senegal. J. Appl. Ani. Res. 2018 Jan 1;46(1):87-93.
  • Negretti P, Bianconi G, Bartocci S, Terramoccia S, Verna M. Determination of live weight and body condition score in lactating Mediterranean buffalo by Visual Image Analysis. Livestock Science. 2008 Jan 1;113(1):1-7.
  • Arias, N.A., Molina, M.L. and Gualdron, O. Estimate of the weight in bovine livestock using digital image processing and neural network. In 5th Iberoamerican Meeting on Optics and 8th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Their Applications. International Society for Optics and Photonics. 2004 October;5622:224-228.
  • Seo KW, Kim HT, Lee DW, Yoon YC, Choi DY. Image processing algorithm for weight estimation of dairy cattle. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. 2011;36(1):48-57.
  • Anglart D. Automatic estimation of body weight and body condition score in dairy cows using 3D imaging technique. 2014.
  • Özkaya S. Besi sığırlarında sayısal görüntü analizi ile canlı ağırlık ve karkas performansının tahmin edilmesi ve tahmin modelleri ile karşılaştırılması (Master dissertation, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi). 2006. Turkey.
  • Stajnko D, Brus M, Hočevar M. Estimation of bull live weight through thermographically measured body dimensions. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2008 May 1;61(2):233-40.
  • Kashiha MA, Bahr C, Ott S, Moons CP, Niewold TA, Tuyttens F, Berckmans D. Automatic monitoring of pig locomotion using image analysis. Livestock Science. 2014 Jan 1;159:141-8.
Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 115 - 121, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.963188

Abstract

Project Number

VTF-15040

References

  • Sarı M, Çerçi İH, Deniz S, Şahin K, Seven PT, Şahin N, Çiftçi M, Bolat D, Önol AG, Azman MA, Güler T, Marslı MA, Nursoy H, Bingöl NT. Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları. 1st ed., Malatya: 2008:178-207.
  • Frost AR, Schofield CP, Beaulah SA, Mottram TT, Lines JA, Wathes CM. A review of livestock monitoring and the need for integrated systems. Computers and electronics in agriculture. 1997 May 1;17(2):139-59.
  • Green LE, Huxley JN, Banks C, Green MJ. Temporal associations between low body condition, lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd. Preventive Vet Med. 2014 Jan 1;113(1):63-71.
  • Janssen SJ, Porter CH, Moore AD, Athanasiadis IN, Foster I, Jones JW, Antle JM. Towards a new generation of agricultural system data, models and knowledge products: Information and communication technology. Agricultural Syst.2017;155:200-212.
  • Hansen MF, Smith ML, Smith LN, Jabbar KA, Forbes D. Automated monitoring of dairy cow body condition, mobility and weight using a single 3D video capture device. Computers in industry. 2018 Jun 1;98:14-22.
  • Spoliansky R, Edan Y, Parmet Y, Halachmi I. Development of automatic body condition scoring using a low-cost 3-dimensional Kinect camera. J. Dairy Sci. 2016 Sep 1;99(9):7714-25.
  • Bozkurt Y, Mikail N, Ulusar UD, Aktas H, Dogan C. Prediction Of Bodyweight Of Holstein And Brown-Swiss Male Cattle By Using Digital Images. Scientific Papers: Series D, Animal Science-The International Session of Scientific Communications of the Faculty of Animal Science. 2017 Jan 1;60.
  • Song X, Bokkers EA, van der Tol PP, Koerkamp PG, Van Mourik S. Automated body weight prediction of dairy cows using 3-dimensional vision. J. Dairy Sci. 2018 May 1;101(5):4448-59.
  • Edmonson AJ, Lean IJ, Weaver LD, Farver T, Webster G. A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1989;72(1):68-78.
  • Spor AR. Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlilik-Güvenirlilik.(4. Baskı). Ankara. Detay Yayıncılık. 2016:513-557.
  • Özdamar L, Ertem MA. Models, solutions and enabling technologies in humanitarian logistics. European Journal of Operational Research. 2015 Jul 1;244(1):55-65.
  • Wangchuk K, Wangdi J, Mindu M. Comparison and reliability of techniques to estimate live cattle body weight. J. appl. ani. res. 2018 Jan 1;46(1):349-52.
  • Kristensen E, Dueholm L, Vink D, Andersen JE, Jakobsen EB, Illum-Nielsen S, Petersen FA, Enevoldsen C. Within-and across-person uniformity of body condition scoring in Danish Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci.2006 Sep 1;89(9):3721-8.
  • Taşdemir Ş. Dijital görüntü analiz yöntemi ile siyah alaca ineklerde vücut ölçülerinin belirlenmesi ve canlı ağırlığının tahmin edilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). 2010. Turkey.
  • Kuzuhara Y, Kawamura K, Yoshitoshi R, Tamaki T, Sugai S, Ikegami M, Kurokawa Y, Obitsu T, Okita M, Sugino T, Yasuda T. A preliminarily study for predicting body weight and milk properties in lactating Holstein cows using a three-dimensional camera system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2015 Feb 1;111:186-93.
  • Bewley JM, Peacock AM, Lewis O, Boyce RE, Roberts DJ, Coffey MP, Kenyon SJ, Schutz MM. Potential for estimation of body condition scores in dairy cattle from digital images. J. Dairy Sci. 2008 Sep 1;91(9):3439-53.
  • Azzaro G, Caccamo M, Ferguson JD, Battiato S, Farinella GM, Guarnera GC, Puglisi G, Petriglieri R, Licitra G. Objective estimation of body condition score by modeling cow body shape from digital images. J. Dairy Sci. 2011 Apr 1;94(4):2126-37.
  • Heinrichs AJ, Rogers GW, Cooper JB. Predicting body weight and wither height in Holstein heifers using body measurements. J. Dairy Sci. 1992 Dec 1;75(12):3576-81.
  • Enevoldsen C, Kristensen T. Estimation of body weight from body size measurements and body condition scores in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 1997 Sep 1;80(9):1988-95.
  • Gunawan A, Jakaria J. Application of linear body measurements for predicting weaning and yearling weight of bali cattle. Animal Prod. 2010;12(3).
  • Rashid MM, Hoque MA, Huque KS, Talukder MA, Bhuiyan AF. Morphometric characterization of Brahman crossbred cattle and prediction of live weight using linear body measurements. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015;1(3):569-77.
  • Heinrichs AJ, Heinrichs BS, Jones CM, Erickson PS, Kalscheur KF, Nennich TD, Heins BJ, Cardoso FC. Verifying Holstein heifer heart girth to body weight prediction equations. Journal of dairy science. 2017 Oct 1;100(10):8451-4.
  • Tebug SF, Missohou A, Sourokou Sabi S, Juga J, Poole EJ, Tapio M, Marshall K. Using body measurements to estimate live weight of dairy cattle in low-input systems in Senegal. J. Appl. Ani. Res. 2018 Jan 1;46(1):87-93.
  • Negretti P, Bianconi G, Bartocci S, Terramoccia S, Verna M. Determination of live weight and body condition score in lactating Mediterranean buffalo by Visual Image Analysis. Livestock Science. 2008 Jan 1;113(1):1-7.
  • Arias, N.A., Molina, M.L. and Gualdron, O. Estimate of the weight in bovine livestock using digital image processing and neural network. In 5th Iberoamerican Meeting on Optics and 8th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Their Applications. International Society for Optics and Photonics. 2004 October;5622:224-228.
  • Seo KW, Kim HT, Lee DW, Yoon YC, Choi DY. Image processing algorithm for weight estimation of dairy cattle. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. 2011;36(1):48-57.
  • Anglart D. Automatic estimation of body weight and body condition score in dairy cows using 3D imaging technique. 2014.
  • Özkaya S. Besi sığırlarında sayısal görüntü analizi ile canlı ağırlık ve karkas performansının tahmin edilmesi ve tahmin modelleri ile karşılaştırılması (Master dissertation, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi). 2006. Turkey.
  • Stajnko D, Brus M, Hočevar M. Estimation of bull live weight through thermographically measured body dimensions. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2008 May 1;61(2):233-40.
  • Kashiha MA, Bahr C, Ott S, Moons CP, Niewold TA, Tuyttens F, Berckmans D. Automatic monitoring of pig locomotion using image analysis. Livestock Science. 2014 Jan 1;159:141-8.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Kaya 0000-0003-2377-4474

Hüsnü Erbay Bardakçıoğlu 0000-0001-7634-1563

Project Number VTF-15040
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date July 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kaya, M., & Bardakçıoğlu, H. E. (2021). Estimation of body weight and body condition score in dairy cows by digital image analysis method. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 6(3), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.963188