Classification of digital dermatitis with image processing and machine learning methods

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 195 - 200, 31.12.2022

Kürşad Yiğitarslan , İsmail Kırbaş

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1133145

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to perform the detection and grading of Digital Dermatitis (DD) disease, which is common in dairy cattle and causes serious economic losses, using artificial intelligence techniques in a computer environment with high accuracy without the need for any expert intervention.
Within the scope of the study, because of the examinations performed on 168 cows of Holstein breed, aged 4-7 years, whose lameness was detected in dairy farms located in the center and districts of Burdur region, pictures of lesions due to DD were taken, and 4 groups were formed according to the degree of size. The photographs obtained were first labelled according to the degree of disease by a faculty member specialized in podiatry. Afterwards, the tagged photographs were reproduced using artificial intelligence image augmentation techniques, and a sample of 1,000 datasets was carried out for each disease degree. The photographs that make up the dataset were processed using the inception v3 deep learning algorithm and more than 2,000 numerical features were extracted. Then, machine learning models were developed using 6 different machine learning algorithms to classify these features. The results obtained were examined in detail with the help of tables and graphics, and it showed that the developed artificial intelligence models could be used in the classification of DD case photos with a cumulative accuracy value above 0.87.

Keywords

digital dermatitis, machine learning, image processing, image classification, supervised learning.

Supporting Institution

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversity

Project Number

5

Thanks

This study was supported within the scope of the "Diagnosis and treatment of foot diseases in dairy cattle" project, which is the 5th subproject of the main project titled "Increasing the Sectoral Competitiveness of the Province of Burdur: Integrated Development by Differentiating in Agriculture" under the coordination of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Agriculture and Livestock Development Project Coordinator.

References

• Bassett, D.R., Toth, L.P., LaMunion, S.R., Crouter, S.E. (2017). Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications. Sports Med. 47, 1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0663-1
• Biemans, F., Bijma, P., Boots, N., De Jong, M. (2017). Digital Dermatitis in dairy cattle: The contribution of different disease classes to transmission. Epidemics 23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2017.12.007
• Bruijnis, M.R.N., Beerda, B., Hogeveen, H., Stassen, E.N. (2012). Assessing the welfare impact of foot disorders in dairy cattle by a modeling approach. Animal 6, 962–970. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111002606
• Cha, E., Hertl, J.A., Bar, D., Gröhn, Y.T. (2010). The cost of different types of lameness in dairy cows calculated by dynamic programming. Prev. Vet. Med. 97, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.07.011
• Clegg, S.R., Mansfield, K.G., Newbrook, K., Sullivan, L.E., Blowey, R.W., Carter, S.D., Evans, N.J. (2015). Isolation of digital dermatitis treponemes from hoof lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA. J. Clin. Microbiol. 53, 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02276-14
• Demirkan, I., Murray, R., Carter, S. (2000). Skin diseases of the bovine digit associated with lameness. Vet Bull 70, 149–171.
• Döpfer, D., Koopmans, A., Meijer, F.A., Szakáll, I., Schukken, Y.H., Klee, W., Bosma, R.B., Cornelisse, J.L., van Asten, A.J., ter Huurne, A.A. (1997). Histological and bacteriological evaluation of digital dermatitis in cattle, with special reference to spirochaetes and Campylobacter faecalis. Vet. Rec. 140, 620–623. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.140.24.620
• Garbarino, E.J., Hernandez, J.A., Shearer, J.K., Risco, C.A., Thatcher, W.W. (2004). Effect of lameness on ovarian activity in postpartum holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 4123–4131. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73555-9
• Hernandez, J., Shearer, J.K., Webb, D.W. (2001). Effect of lameness on the calving-to-conception interval in dairy cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 218, 1611–1614. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2001.218.1611
• Hesseling, J., Legione, A.R., Stevenson, M.A., McCowan, C.I., Pyman, M.F., Finochio, C., Nguyen, D., Roic, C.L., Thiris, O.L., Zhang, A.J., van Schaik, G., Coombe, J.E. (2019). Bovine digital dermatitis in Victoria, Australia. Aust. Vet. J. 97, 404–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12859
• Holzhauer, M., Bartels, C.J.M., Döpfer, D., Schaik, G. Van. (2008). Clinical course of digital dermatitis lesions in an endemically infected herd without preventive herd strategies. Vet. J. 177, 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.004
• Losinger, W.C. (2006). Economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows in the USA. J. Dairy Res. 73, 244–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029906001798
• Sogstad, A.M., Fjeldaas, T., Østerås, O., Forshell, K.P. (2005). Prevalence of claw lesions in Norwegian dairy cattle housed in tie stalls and free stalls. Prev. Vet. Med. 70, 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.03.005
• Trott, D.J., Moeller, M.R., Zuerner, R.L., Goff, J.P., Waters, W.R., Alt, D.P., Walker, R.L., Wannemuehler, M.J. (2003). Characterization of Treponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis Lesions in Dairy Cattle. J. Clin. Microbiol.