Effect of Thiamethoxam on Wild Bees (Vespa sp.)

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: Ek (Suppl.) 1, 221 - 227, 06.11.2017

Ahmed Karahan , Abdurrahman Gül , Mehmet Ali Kutlu , İsmail Karaca

https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.331868

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Recent increased
population and globalization, have threatened inhabitants of wild plants and
animals. Even though this situation is worrying, many people become neither
aware of this threat and decrease, nor they know about endangered plants and
animals. This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of drugs with
thiamethoxam active substance on wasps that are common in both our country and
Europe and that are known as yellow jacket in Europe and digger wasp in Turkey.
For this purpose, wasps were directly fed with commonly used dosage of thiamethoxam
in agricultural fields and diluted version of this dosage; then the changes in
body motor movements were monitored and recorded. In the study,15
ml/100-L-water dose of thiamethoxam and 6 separate doses (7.5, 3.75, 1.87,
0.93, 0.46, 0.23, 0,12) prepared by diluting this dose by %50 were used in
forms of 2 molars syrup. Furthermore, the same dosages were sprayed over wasps
and lifetime of wasps was determined. As a result of the study, it was concluded
that normally used dosage and diluted dosage of thiamethoxam killed wasps and
compared to control group, lifetime of experiment group wasps became shorter.

Keywords

Neonicotinoids, Thiamethoxam, Vespa, Wasp, Bee mortality

Thiamethoxam’ın Yaban Arısı (Vespa sp.) Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Son yıllarda artan nüfus artışı ve kentleşme, doğal
bitki ve hayvan popülasyonlarını olumsuz yönde tehdit etmektedir. Bu durum
endişe verici boyutlara ulaşmasına rağmen, birçok kişi bu tehdit ve azalmanın
farkında olmadığı gibi nesli tükenen bitki veya hayvanlardan da haberdar
değildir. Bu çalışma ülkemizde ve Avrupa’da yaygın olarak bulunan, ülkemizde
sarıca arı (Vespa sp.), eşek arısı,
üzüm arısı Avrupa’da ise sarı ceketliler olarak bilinen yaban arılar üzerine,
tarımsal alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılan thiamethoxam etken maddeli ilacının
etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla thiamethoxam’ın tarımsal alanlarda en çok
kullanılan dozu ile bu dozun seyreltilmiş dozları arılara doğrudan mide yoluyla
verilerek, arılardaki vücut motor hareketlerindeki değişiklikler incelenmiş ve
kayıt altına alınmıştır. Yine bu arılara aynı dozlar püskürtme yöntemi ile
uygulanmış ve arıların yaşam süreleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada thiamethoxam’ın
15 ml /100 L su dozu ve bu dozun %50 oranında seyreltilmesiyle oluşturulan 6
ayrı doz (7.5, 3.75, 1.87, 0.93, 0.46, 0.23, 0,12) 2 Molar şurup şeklinde
hazırlanarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, thiamethoxam’ın tarımsal
alanlarda kullanılan normal dozu ile seyreltilmiş dozlarının arıları öldürdüğü
ve deney gruplarında kullanılan arıların yaşam sürelerinin kontrol grubuna göre
kısaldığı belirlenmiştir. 

Keywords

Neonicotinoidler, Thiamethoxam, Sarıcan arı, Yaban arısı, Arı ölümleri

References

• Abramson, C.I., Squire, J., Sheridan, A., Mulder, P.G. (2004). The Effect of insecticides considered harmless to honey bees (Apis mellifera): proboscis conditioning studies by using the insect growth regulators tebufonizide and diflubenzuron. Environmental Entomology, 33(2): 378-388.
• Amdam, G.V., Fennern, E., Baker, N., Rascón, B. (2010). Honeybee Associative Learning Performance and Metabolic Stress Resilience Are Positively Associated. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9740.
• Anonim. (2016). Hornet. Erişim tarihi:30.01.2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornet
• Anonim. (2017). Yaban arıları yok olsa ne olur? Erişim tarihi:15.06.2017. http://www.tarimpusulasi.com/bilgi-deposu/yaban-arilari-yok-olsa-ne-olur
• Bartomeus, I. et al. (2013). Historical changes in northeastern US bee pollinators related to shared ecological traits. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 4656–4660.
• Biesmeijer, J. C., et al. (2006). Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science 313, 351–354.
• Breeze, T.D., Vaissière, B.E., Bommarco, R., Petanidou, T., Seraphides, N., Kozák, L. (2014). Agricultural Policies Exacerbate Honeybee Pollination Service Supply-Demand Mismatches Across Europe. PLoS ONE 9(1): e82996.
• Carreck, N. (2015). Are we beginning to understand worldwide colony losses? Bee World 91, 20-21.
• Duell, E.M. (2012). Honeybee Stress: Behavioral & Physiological Effects of Orally Administered Flumethrin. The Bloomsburg University, Thesis, 46p, Pennsylvania.
• Elbert, A., Haas, M., Springer, B., Thielert, W., Nauen, R. (2008). Applied aspects of neonicotinoid uses in crop protection. Pest Manag. Sci. 64, 1099–1105.
• Free, J.B. (1992). Insect Pollination of Crops. Academic Press Harcourt Brace.
• Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R, Aizen MA, Bommarco R. (2013) Wild Pollinators Enhance Fruit Set of Crops Regardless of Honey Bee Abundance. Science 339(6127): 1608–1611.
• Godfray, H. C. J. et al. (2014). A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning neonicotinoid insecticides and insect pollinators. Proc. Biol. Sci. 281.
• Grixti, J. C., Wong, L. T., Cameron, S. A., Favret, C.(2009). Decline of bumble bees (Bombus) in the North American Midwest. Biological Conservation 142, 75–84.
• Hadley, D. (2014). What Good Are Wasps. Erişim tarihi: 03.02.2016. http://insects.about.com/od/antsbeeswasps/f/What-Good-Are-Wasps.htm
• Hranitz, J.M., Abramson, C.I., Carter, R.P. (2010). Ethanol Increases HSP70 Concentrations in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) Brain Tissue. Alcohol, 44(3), 275-82.
• Jeschke, P., Nauen, R., Schindler, M., Elbert, A. (2011). Overview of the status and global strategy for neonicotinoids. J Agric Food Chem 59: 2897–2908.
• Karahan, A., Çakmak. İ., Hranitz, J.M., Karaca, İ., Harrington, W. (2015). Sublethal imidacloprid effects on honey bee flower choices when foraging. Ecotoxicology DOI 10.1007/s10646-015-1537-2.
• Yıldırım, E. (2012). Tarımsal Zararlılarla Mücadele Yöntemleri ve İlaçlar. 3. Baskı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No, 219, 330s. Erzurum.
• Laurent, F.M., Rathahao, E. (2003). Distribution of [14C] imidacloprid in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) following seed treatment. J Agric Food Chem 51: 8005–8010.
• Marletto, F., Patetta, A., Manino, A. (2003). Laboratory assessment of pesticide toxicity to bumble bees. Bulletin of Insectology 56: 155–158.
• Mommaerts, V., Smagghe, G. (2011). Side-effects of pesticides on the pollinator Bombus: An overview. In: Stoytcheva M, editor. Pesticides in the Modern World – Pests Control and Pesticides Exposure and Toxicity Assessment. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. pp. 508–552.
• Özbek, H. (1995). Turkiye’de tehdit altında bulunan yabanarı (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) türleri ve alınacak önlemler. II. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi 11-13 Eylul 1995, Ankara.
• Özbek, H. (2010). Arılar Ve Insektısıtler - İnsektisitlerin Arılara Olumsuz Etkileri. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi: 10 (3): 85-95.
• Pisa, L. W. et al. (2015). Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22, 68–102. Pleasant, B. (2013). About Yellow Jackets and the Benefits of Wasps in the Garden. Erişim tarihi: 03.02.2016. http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/pest-control/benefits-of-wasps-yellow-jackets-zw0z1303zkin.aspx
• Potts, S.G., Biesmeijer, J.C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O., Kunin, W.E. (2010). Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends Ecol Evol. 2010;25: 345–353.
• Rondeau, G., Francisco, Sánchez-Bayo., Henk, A., Tennekes, A. D., Ricardo, R.R., Nicolas, D.(2014). Delayed and time-cumulative toxicity of imidacloprid in bees, ants and termites. Nature. Scientific Reports 4, Article number: 5566.
• Schalau, j., Director, C., Agent, A. (2006). Wasps and Yellow Jackets. Agriculture & Natural Resources. Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County Erişim tarihi. 03.02.2016. https://ag.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/waspsandyellowjackets.html
• Simon-Delso, N. et al. (2015). Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22, 5–34.
• Stanley, D. A. et al. (2015). Bumblebee learning and memory is impaired by chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide. Sci. Rep. 5, 16508.
• Tolon, B. (1999). Yaban Arılarında Sosyal Yaşam. Hayvansal Üretim 39-40: 120-127.
• Tüzün, A., Bilgili, G. (2013). Tarımsal Ekosistemde Arıların Önemi. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 6 (2): 91-95.
• Wang, L., Zeng, L., Chen, J. (2015). Impact of imidacloprid on new queens of imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nature doi:10.1038/srep17938.
• Whitehorn, P. R., O’Connor, S., Wackers, F. L., Goulson, D. (2012). Neonicotinoid pesticide reduces bumble bee colony growth and queen production. Science 336, 351–352.