CAM UÇURUM ALGISI: KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİ ARASINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Year 2019,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 423 - 438, 29.08.2019
Sebahattin Yıldız
,
Önder Sakal
Fidan Alhas
,
Gözde Kosa
Abstract
Araştırmanın amacı, “cam uçurum” kavramının
Türkiye örnekleminde geçerliliğini incelemektir. Kafkas Üniversitesinde işletme
yönetimi dersi almış 407 öğrenciye anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada boşalan bir
üst düzey yöneticilik görevi için biri kadın ve biri erkek iki adaydan
hangisinin hangi dönemde (olumlu finansal performans dönemi mi yoksa olumsuz
finansal performans dönemi mi) daha tercih edilebilir algılandığı
incelenmiştir. Cam uçurum pozisyonu için tercihte “uygunluk, liderlik yeteneği
ve güven” boyutları kullanılmıştır. Bu boyutlarla ilgili soruların
katılımcılarca ayrı ayrı dönemlerde (olumlu finansal performans senaryosunda ve
olumsuz finansal performans senaryosunda) değerlendirilmesi istenmiştir.
Araştırmada katılımcıların “şirket performansının olumsuz olduğu” bir senaryoda
CEO olarak kadın yönetici adayının daha yüksek potansiyelde algılanmadığı
bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçta, erilliğin yüksek olduğu ülkelerde geçerli olan
cam uçurum kavramının, erilliğin düşük olduğu Türkiye’de geçerli olmayabileceği
söylenebilir.
References
- ADAMS, S.M., GUPTA, A. ve LEETH, J.D. (2009). Are Female Executives Over-Represented in Precarious Leadership Positions?, British Journal of Management, 20(1), 1-12.
- AK KURT, D. (2011). Glass Cliff in Relationship to Hostile and Benevolent Sexism, The Degree of Master of Science in The Department of Psychology ,Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- ASHBY, J., RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2007). Legal Work and The Glass Cliff: Evidence that Women Are Preferentially Selected to Lead Problematic Cases, William & Mary Journal Women and The Law, 13(3), 775-793.
- BAŞAK, S. (2013). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Editörler: İ. Çapçıoğlu ve H. Beşirli, Sosyolojiye Giriş, Ankara: Grafiker Yayınları.
- BRENNER, O.C., TOMKIEWICZ, J. ve Schein, V. E. (1989). The Relatioship Between Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characterisitics Revisited, Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 662-669.
- BRUCKMÜLLER, S. ve BRANSCOMBE, N.R. (2010). The Glass Cliff: When and Why Women are Selected as Leader in Crisis Contexts, British Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 433-451.
- BRUCKMÜLLER, S., RYAN, M.K., RINK, Floor ve HASLAM, S.A. (2014). Beyond The Glass Ceiling: The Glass Cliff and Its Lessons for Organizational Policy, Social Issue and Policy Review, 8(1), 202-232.
- CHAMBERS, K. (2011). The Glass Cliff: The Contribution of Social Identity and Gender Stereotypes in Preceding Leadership Preference and Trust, Master of Art in Psychology, Carleteon University, Canada.
- COOK, A. ve GLASS, C. (2013). Glass Cliff and Organizational Saviors: Barriers to Minority Leadership in Work Organizations?, Society for The Study of Social Problems, 60(2), 168-187.
- DZANIC, L. (2009). The Role of Women in Business:The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Diploma Thesis, University of Ljubljana Faculty of Economics,Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- GIDDENS, A. (2012). Sosyoloji, Çeviren: İsmail Yılmaz, Cinsellik ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet (12. bölüm), İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
- GÖKDAĞ, R. (2013). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Editör: Sezen Ünlü, Sosyal Psikoloji-II, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- HAİR, J. F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. ve BLACK, W. C. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis, 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- HASLAM, S.A. ve RYAN, M.K. (2008). The Road to Glass Cliff :Differences in the Perceived Suitability of Men and Women for Leadership Positions in Succeedings and Failing Organizations, Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 530-546.
- HASLAM, S.A., RYAN, M.K., KULICH, C., TROJANOWSKİ, G. ve ATKINS, C. (2010). Investing with Prejudice: The Relationship Between Women’s Presence on Company Boards and Objective and Subjective Mesaures of Company Performance, British Journal of Management, 21(2), 484-497.
- HUNT-EARLE, Keziah, (2012). Falling Over a Glass Cliff: A Study of the Recruitment of Women to Leadership Roles in Troubled Enterprises, Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 31(5), 44-53.
- JUDGE, E. (2003). Women on Board: Help or Hindrance?, The Times, (www.thetimes.co.uk, Erişim Tarihi: 09.05.2016).
- LAIOS, A., THEODORAKIS, N. ve GARGALIANOS, D. (2003). Leadership and Power: Two Important Factors for Effective Coaching, International Sport Journal, 7(1), 150-154.
- NUNNALY, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- RIEMER, H. ve TOON, K. (2001). Leadership and Satisfaction in Tennis: Examination of Congruence,Gender,and,Ability, Research Quarterly for Exercise, 72 (3), 243-256.
- RINK, F., RYAN, M.K. ve STOKER, J.I. (2013). Social Resources at a Time Of Crisis: How Gender Stereotypes Inform Gendered Leader Evaluations, European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(5), 381-392.
- RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2005). The Glass Cliff: Evidence that Women are Over-Represented in Precarious Leadership, British Journal of Management, 16(2), 81-90.
- RYAN, M.K., ve HASLAM, S.A. (2006). The Glass Cliff: The Stress of Working on the Edge, European Business Forum, 27, 42-47.
- RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2007). The Glass Cliff: Exploring The Dynamics Surrounding The Appointment of Women to Precarious Leadership Positions, Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 549-572.
- RYAN, M.K., HASLAM, S.A. ve POSTMES, T. (2007). Reactions to Glass Cliff: Gender Differences in The Explanations for The Precariousness of Women’s Leadership Positions, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(2), 182-197.
- RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2009). Glass Cliffs Are Not So Easily Scaled: On The Precariousness of Female CEO’s Positions. British Journal of Management, 20(1), 13-16.
- RYAN, M.K., HASLAM, S.A. ve KULICH, C. (2010). Politics and The Glass Cliff: Evidence that Women are Preferentially Selected to Contest Hard-to-Win Seats. Psychology of Women Ouartely, 34(1), 56-64. RYAN, M.K., HASLAM, S.A., HERSBY, M.T. ve BONGIORNO, R. (2011). Think Crisis –Think Female:The Glass Cliff and Contextual Variation in The Manager-Think Male Stereotype, Journal Of Applied Pyschology, 96(3), 470-484. SABHARWAL, M. (2015). From Glass Ceiling to Glass Cliff: Woman in Senior Executive Service, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(2), 399-426. SCHEIN, V. E. (1973). The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes And Requisite Management Characteristics,Journal of Applied Psychology, 57(2), 95-100.
- SCHEIN, V.E. (1975). The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes And Requisite Management Characteristics Among Female Managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(3), 340-344.
- SIMPSON, P., FRENCH, R. ve HARVEY, C.E. (2002). Leadership and Negative Capability, Human Relations, 55(10), 1209-1226.
- UYAR, E. (2011). The Glass Cliff:Differences in Perceived Suitability and Leadership Ability of Men and Women for Leadership Positions in High and Poor Performing Companies, The Degree of Master Business of Business Administration in The Department of Business Administration,Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- ÜNER, S. (2008), Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
- YILDIZ, S., ALHAS, F., SAKAL, Ö. ve YILDIZ, H. (2016a). Cam Uçurum: Kadın Yöneticiler Cam Tavanı Ne Zaman Aşar?, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 71(4), 1119-1146.
- YILDIZ, S., SAKAL, Ö. ve ALHAS, F. (2016b). Cam Tavandan Cam Uçurum’a: Kriz Düşün Kadın Düşün, 24. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, 29-31 Mayıs, İstanbul, 509-519.
- YILDIZ, S. (2017). Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Şirketlere Yansımasında Ortaya Çıkan Ayrımcılık Kavramlarının Ardılları Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 121-138.
THE PERCEPTION OF GLASS CLIFF: A RESEARCH BETWEEN STUDENTS STUDYING IN KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
Year 2019,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 423 - 438, 29.08.2019
Sebahattin Yıldız
,
Önder Sakal
Fidan Alhas
,
Gözde Kosa
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the
validity of the concept “glass cliff” in the sample of Turkey. A questionnaire
was applied to 407 students who took the course of business administration in
Kafkas University. In the study, it was investigated which one from two
candidates (a male and a female) for a vacant senior management position, is
perceived to be more preferable at which period (whether it is the positive
financial performance period or the negative financial performance period). The
dimensions of “suitability, leadership ability and reliability” were used while
making the selection for the glass cliff position. The participants were asked
to evaluate the questions concerning these dimensions at separate periods (in
the positive financial performance scenario and in the negative financial
performance scenario). It was concluded in the study that the participants did
not perceive the female manager candidate to have a higher potential as a CEO
in a scenario in which the “company performance is negative”. In conclusion,
the concept of glass cliff which is applicable in countries with high level of
masculinity can be asserted not to be invalid in Turkey, where the masculinity
is low.
References
- ADAMS, S.M., GUPTA, A. ve LEETH, J.D. (2009). Are Female Executives Over-Represented in Precarious Leadership Positions?, British Journal of Management, 20(1), 1-12.
- AK KURT, D. (2011). Glass Cliff in Relationship to Hostile and Benevolent Sexism, The Degree of Master of Science in The Department of Psychology ,Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- ASHBY, J., RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2007). Legal Work and The Glass Cliff: Evidence that Women Are Preferentially Selected to Lead Problematic Cases, William & Mary Journal Women and The Law, 13(3), 775-793.
- BAŞAK, S. (2013). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Editörler: İ. Çapçıoğlu ve H. Beşirli, Sosyolojiye Giriş, Ankara: Grafiker Yayınları.
- BRENNER, O.C., TOMKIEWICZ, J. ve Schein, V. E. (1989). The Relatioship Between Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characterisitics Revisited, Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 662-669.
- BRUCKMÜLLER, S. ve BRANSCOMBE, N.R. (2010). The Glass Cliff: When and Why Women are Selected as Leader in Crisis Contexts, British Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 433-451.
- BRUCKMÜLLER, S., RYAN, M.K., RINK, Floor ve HASLAM, S.A. (2014). Beyond The Glass Ceiling: The Glass Cliff and Its Lessons for Organizational Policy, Social Issue and Policy Review, 8(1), 202-232.
- CHAMBERS, K. (2011). The Glass Cliff: The Contribution of Social Identity and Gender Stereotypes in Preceding Leadership Preference and Trust, Master of Art in Psychology, Carleteon University, Canada.
- COOK, A. ve GLASS, C. (2013). Glass Cliff and Organizational Saviors: Barriers to Minority Leadership in Work Organizations?, Society for The Study of Social Problems, 60(2), 168-187.
- DZANIC, L. (2009). The Role of Women in Business:The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Diploma Thesis, University of Ljubljana Faculty of Economics,Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- GIDDENS, A. (2012). Sosyoloji, Çeviren: İsmail Yılmaz, Cinsellik ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet (12. bölüm), İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
- GÖKDAĞ, R. (2013). Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Editör: Sezen Ünlü, Sosyal Psikoloji-II, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
- HAİR, J. F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. ve BLACK, W. C. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis, 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- HASLAM, S.A. ve RYAN, M.K. (2008). The Road to Glass Cliff :Differences in the Perceived Suitability of Men and Women for Leadership Positions in Succeedings and Failing Organizations, Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 530-546.
- HASLAM, S.A., RYAN, M.K., KULICH, C., TROJANOWSKİ, G. ve ATKINS, C. (2010). Investing with Prejudice: The Relationship Between Women’s Presence on Company Boards and Objective and Subjective Mesaures of Company Performance, British Journal of Management, 21(2), 484-497.
- HUNT-EARLE, Keziah, (2012). Falling Over a Glass Cliff: A Study of the Recruitment of Women to Leadership Roles in Troubled Enterprises, Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 31(5), 44-53.
- JUDGE, E. (2003). Women on Board: Help or Hindrance?, The Times, (www.thetimes.co.uk, Erişim Tarihi: 09.05.2016).
- LAIOS, A., THEODORAKIS, N. ve GARGALIANOS, D. (2003). Leadership and Power: Two Important Factors for Effective Coaching, International Sport Journal, 7(1), 150-154.
- NUNNALY, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
- RIEMER, H. ve TOON, K. (2001). Leadership and Satisfaction in Tennis: Examination of Congruence,Gender,and,Ability, Research Quarterly for Exercise, 72 (3), 243-256.
- RINK, F., RYAN, M.K. ve STOKER, J.I. (2013). Social Resources at a Time Of Crisis: How Gender Stereotypes Inform Gendered Leader Evaluations, European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(5), 381-392.
- RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2005). The Glass Cliff: Evidence that Women are Over-Represented in Precarious Leadership, British Journal of Management, 16(2), 81-90.
- RYAN, M.K., ve HASLAM, S.A. (2006). The Glass Cliff: The Stress of Working on the Edge, European Business Forum, 27, 42-47.
- RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2007). The Glass Cliff: Exploring The Dynamics Surrounding The Appointment of Women to Precarious Leadership Positions, Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 549-572.
- RYAN, M.K., HASLAM, S.A. ve POSTMES, T. (2007). Reactions to Glass Cliff: Gender Differences in The Explanations for The Precariousness of Women’s Leadership Positions, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(2), 182-197.
- RYAN, M.K. ve HASLAM, S.A. (2009). Glass Cliffs Are Not So Easily Scaled: On The Precariousness of Female CEO’s Positions. British Journal of Management, 20(1), 13-16.
- RYAN, M.K., HASLAM, S.A. ve KULICH, C. (2010). Politics and The Glass Cliff: Evidence that Women are Preferentially Selected to Contest Hard-to-Win Seats. Psychology of Women Ouartely, 34(1), 56-64. RYAN, M.K., HASLAM, S.A., HERSBY, M.T. ve BONGIORNO, R. (2011). Think Crisis –Think Female:The Glass Cliff and Contextual Variation in The Manager-Think Male Stereotype, Journal Of Applied Pyschology, 96(3), 470-484. SABHARWAL, M. (2015). From Glass Ceiling to Glass Cliff: Woman in Senior Executive Service, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(2), 399-426. SCHEIN, V. E. (1973). The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes And Requisite Management Characteristics,Journal of Applied Psychology, 57(2), 95-100.
- SCHEIN, V.E. (1975). The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes And Requisite Management Characteristics Among Female Managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(3), 340-344.
- SIMPSON, P., FRENCH, R. ve HARVEY, C.E. (2002). Leadership and Negative Capability, Human Relations, 55(10), 1209-1226.
- UYAR, E. (2011). The Glass Cliff:Differences in Perceived Suitability and Leadership Ability of Men and Women for Leadership Positions in High and Poor Performing Companies, The Degree of Master Business of Business Administration in The Department of Business Administration,Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
- ÜNER, S. (2008), Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
- YILDIZ, S., ALHAS, F., SAKAL, Ö. ve YILDIZ, H. (2016a). Cam Uçurum: Kadın Yöneticiler Cam Tavanı Ne Zaman Aşar?, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 71(4), 1119-1146.
- YILDIZ, S., SAKAL, Ö. ve ALHAS, F. (2016b). Cam Tavandan Cam Uçurum’a: Kriz Düşün Kadın Düşün, 24. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, 29-31 Mayıs, İstanbul, 509-519.
- YILDIZ, S. (2017). Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Şirketlere Yansımasında Ortaya Çıkan Ayrımcılık Kavramlarının Ardılları Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 121-138.