REKABET STRATEJİLERİNİN ÖRGÜTSEL PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ, GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİN ARACILIK ROLÜ

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 339 - 369, 26.03.2021

Özgür Uğur Arıkan , Abdullah Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.819843

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Örgütsel performans, hızla değişen pazarda ve artan rekabet koşullarında önemli bir kavram olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Faaliyetlerinin çıktılarını hedeflerine uygun düzeyde tutabilen organizasyonlar değişken ve rekabetçi çevrede ayakta kalabilmektedir. Rekabet edebilmek ve rekabeti sürdürülebilir kılmak için seçilen jenerik stratejilerin, örgütsel performansı artırdığı değerlendirilmektedir. Hızla değişen çevresel koşulları hızla kavrayabilen girişimci bireylerin, örgütsel performansa katkı yaptığı değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda rekabet stratejilerinin örgütsel performansa etkisi ve girişimciliğin bu etkideki aracılık rolü araştırılmıştır. Mersin Tarsus Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde yer alan 163 işletmeden toplam 511 çalışandan veri toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket istatistik programları ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonucunda rekabet stratejilerinin örgütsel performans üzerinde olumlu anlamlı etkilerinin olduğu ve bu etkide girişimci davranışın da aracılık etkisinin olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Girişimcilik,, Örgütsel Performans,, Rekabet Stratejileri

THE EFFECT OF COMPETITION STRATEGIES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Abstract

Organizational performance is described as an important concept in the rapidly changing market and increasing competition conditions. Organizations that can keep the outputs of their activities in line with their goals can survive in a volatile and competitive environment. It is considered that generic strategies chosen to compete and make competition sustainable increase organizational performance. It is considered that entrepreneurial individuals who can quickly grasp rapidly changing environmental conditions contribute to organizational performance. In this context, the effect of competitive strategies on organizational performance and the mediating role of entrepreneurship in this effect have been investigated. Data were collected from a total of 511 employees from 163 enterprises located in Mersin Tarsus Industrial Zone. The data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS package statistics programs. As a result of the hierarchical regression analysis, it has been found that competition strategies have positive and significant effects on organizational performance and entrepreneurial behavior also has a mediating effect on this effect.

Keywords

Entrepreneurship, Organizational Performance,, Competitive Strategies

References

• Acar, Z. A. ve Zehir, C. (2009). Rekabet Avantajı Yaratmada Lojistik Yeteneklerin Rolü Ve İşletme Performansına Etkileri. 17. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, 21-23 Mayıs 2009, Eskişehir.
• Ahmad, S., ve Schroeder, R. G. (2003). The Impact Of Human Resource Management Practices On Operational Performance. Recognizing Country And Industry Differences. Journal of Operations Management, 21:19–43. Akkoç, İ, Çalışkan, A. ve Turunç, Ö. (2019). Girişimci Davranış: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması, Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 14(1): 1-10.
• Akgemici, T. (2008). Stratejik Yönetim. Gazi Kitabevi. Ankara.
• Altunoğlu, A.E., ve Doğan, B. (2014). “Bilgi Yönetimi, Çevre, Teknoloji ve Örgütsel Performans İlişkileri”, İnternet Uygulamaları ve Yönetimi, Hakemli, Süreli Bilimsel Dergi, 5.(1): 21-37.
• Altuntaş, G. ve Dönmez, D. (2010). Girişimcilik Yönelimi ve Örgütsel Performans İlişkisi: Çanakkale Bölgesinde Faaliyet Gösteren Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 39(1): 50-74.
• Ansoff, I., (1965). Corporate Strategy. McGraw Hill. New York.
• Bal, Y. (2011). Rekabet Stratejilerinin İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamalarına Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
• Barney, J. B. (1986) Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck and Business Strategy. Management Science. 32(10): 1231-1241.
• Barney, J. B. (2001a). Is The Resource-Based “View” A Useful Perspective For Strategic Management Research? Yes. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 26(1): 41-56.
• Barney, J. B. (2001b). Resource-Based Theories of Competitive Advantage: A Ten Year Retrospective on The Resource-Based View. Journal of Management, 27(6): 643-650.
• Baron, R. M. ve Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1173-1182.
• Beal, R. ve Yasai-Ardekani, M. (2000). Performance Implications of Aligning CEO Functional Experiences with Competitive Strategies. Journal of Management, 26: 733–762.
• Box, T. M. ve Miller, W. (2011). Small Firm Competitive Strategy. Proceedings of the Academy of Strategic Management, 10(1): 1-17.
• Burns T. ve Stalker G. (1961). The Management of Innovation. Tavistock, London.
• Chandler, A.D. (1962) Strategy and Structure: Chapter in The History of The Industrial Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Chandler, G. N., ve Lyon, D. W. (2001). Issues of Research Design and Construct Measurement in Entrepreneurship Research: The past Decade. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(4): 101–113.
• Cole, A.H. (1946). An Aproach to The Study of Entrepreneurship. J. Econom. History, Suppl. VI:1-15 .
• Covin, J.G., ve Slevin, D. P. (1991). A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1): 7–26.
• Çalışkan, A., Akkoç, İ., ve Turunç, Ö. (2011). Örgütsel Performansın Artırılmasında Motivasyonel Davranışların Rolü: Yenilikcilik ve Girişimciliğin Aracılık Rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (3): 363-401.
• Çalışkan, A. ve Akkoç, İ. (2012). “Girişimci ve Yenilikçi Davranışın İş Performansına Etkisinde Çevresel Belirsizliğin Rolü. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1): 1-29.
• Dhliwayo, S. (2014). Entrepreneurship and competitive strategy: an integrative approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship. 23(1): 115-135.
• Donaldson, (2001). The Contingency Theory of Organizations. Foundations for Organizational Science. A Sage Publications Series.
• Dulkadir, B. (2015). Bilişim Teknolojisi Kullanımının Örgütsel Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri: TR1 bölgesi Hazır Giyim İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. İnönü Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İşletme Anabilim Dalı. Yönetim ve Organizasyon Bilim Dalı.
• Ercan, S. ve Gökdenı̇z, İ. (2009). Girişimciliğin Gelişim Süreci ve Girişimcilik Açısından Kazakistan”, BİLİG Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Sayı 49. ISSN: 1301-0549, Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi .
• Eze, B.U. (2018). Corporate Entrepreneurship and Manufacturing Firms’ Performance. Emerging Markets Journal. 8(1):12-17.
• Fiş, M.A. ve Wasti, A.S. (2009). Örgüt Kültürü ve Girişimcilik Yönelimi İlişkisi. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 35: 127-164.
• Genç, E. (2016). İşletmelerde Yenilik ve Rekabet Stratejilerinin Rekabet Gücüne Sinerjik Etkisi. Yaynlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı .
• Guest, D., Conway, N., ve Dewe, P. (2004). Using Sequential Tree Analysis to Search for Bundles of HR Practices. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(1): 79–96. Hatipoğlu, C. (2011). Kriz döenmlerinde Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerde (KOBİ’lerde) İzlenen Rekabet Stratejileri ve Bir Uygulama. Yaynlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Niğde Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İşletme Anabilim Dalı.
• Hebert R.F. ve Link A. N. (2006). The Entrepreneur As Innovator. Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer Science. s: 589.
• Hermann, M., Pentek, T. ve Otto, B. (2015). Design Principles For Industrie 4.0 Scenarios: Literature Review. (Working paper no. 01/2015). Technische Universitaet Dortmund. Retrieved, April 17, 2016, from http://www.snom.mb.tu- dortmund.de/cms/de/forschung/Arbeitsberichte/Design-Principles-for-Industrie-4_0- Scenarios.pdf.
• Hilman, H. ve Mohamed, Z.A. (2012). Strategic Role of Sourcing Strategy in The Relationships Between Competitive Strategies and Organisational Performance. Journal of International Business and Entrepreneurship Development. 6(1): 75-82.
• Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., ve Grant, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship Research and Practice: A Call to Action for Psychology. American Psychologist, 62(6): 575–589.
• Hisrich, D.R. ve Peters, P.M. (2016). Entrepreneurship. McGraw-Hill Irwin, London. 10th Ed.
• Kim, W.C. ve Mauborgne, R. (2004). Mavi Okyanus Stratejisi, HBR’s 10 Must Reads Strategy, İstanbul:Optimis.
• Kuratko, D. F., Ireland, R. D., Covın, J. G. ve Hornsby, J. S. (2005). A Model of Middle Level Managers’ Entrepreneurial Behaviour. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 11: 699-716. Lai, K. H., ve Cheng, T. C. E. (2005). Effects of Quality Management and Marketing on Organizational Performance. Journal of Business Research, 58: 446–456.
• Linton, G. ve Kask, J. (2016). Configurations of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Competitive Strategy for High Performance. Journal of Business Research. s. 1-9. Lumpkin, G.T. ve Dess, G.G. (1996). Clarifying The Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance. Academy of Management Review 21(1):135–172.
• Lumpkin, G.T. ve Dess, G.G. (2001). Linking Two Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation to Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Environment and Industry Life Cycle”, Journal of Business Venturing, 16(5): 429-451.
• Luthans, F. ve Youssef, C.M. (2004). Human, Social and Now Positive Psychological Capital Management: Investing in People for Competitive Advantage, Organizational Dynamics, 33: 143-160.
• Mair, J. (2005) Entrepreneurial Behaviour in A Large Traditional Firm: Exploring Key Drivers. In Corporate Entrepreneurship and Venturing Ed. T. Elfring, pp. 49-72. Springer, US.
• McClelland, D. (1965). Need Achievement and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1: 389–392.
• Miles, R.E. ve Snow, C.C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Miller, D., ve Friesen, P.H. (1983). Strategy-Making and Environment. Strategic Management Journal 4:221–235.
• Mintzberg, H. (1978). Patterns In Strategy Formation. Management Science, 24(9): 934-948. Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., Lampel, J. (1998). Strategy Safari: A Guided Tour Through The Wilds Of Strategic Management, The Free Press, A Division of Simon and Schuster Inc., New York.
• Morris, M.H. ve Kuratko, D.F. (2002). Corporate Entrepreneurship. Mason, OH: South-Western College Publishers. Muafi, M. (2009). The Effects of Alignment Competitive Strategy, Culture, and Role Behaviour on Organizational Performance in Service Firms. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 1(4):1-23.
• Odabaşı, Y. (2001). Pazarlama Planı Rehberi. KOSGEB Girişimciliği Geliştirme Merkezi. Seçkin Matbaası, Ankara.
• Oyewobi, O.L., Windapo, A.O., Rotimi, J.O.B. ve Jimoh, R.A. (2016). Relationship Between Competitive Strategy and Construction Organisation Performance The Moderating Role of Organisational Characteristics. Management Decision. 54(9): 2340-2366.
• Pearce, J.A., Kramer, T.R. ve Robbins, K.D. (1997). Effects of Managers’ Entrepreneurial Behaviour On Subordinates. Journal of Business Venturing 12: 147-160. Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industry and Competitors. The Free Press.
• Porter, M.E. (1981). The Contribution of Industrial Organization to Strategic Management. Academy of Management Review. 6(4): 609-620.
• Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York, NY: The Free Press.
• Porter, M.E. (1990). The Competitive Advantages of Nations. Harvard Business Review, March-April .
• Porter, M.E. (1996). What is Strategy. Harvard Business Review. Nov.-Dec.: 59-70.
• Porter, M.E. ve Lee, T.H. (2015). Why Strategy Matters Now. The New England Journal of Medicine. Nisan: 1681-1684.
• Sarvan, F., Arıcı, E. D., Özen, J., Özdemir, B. ve İçigen, E.T. (2003). On Stratejik Yönetim Okulu: Biçimleşme Okulunun Bütünleştirici Çerçevesi, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi (6):. 73-122.
• Schendel, D. E., ve Hofer, C. (1979). Strategic Management. Boston: Littler, Brown.
• Schultz, T. W. (1963). The Economic Value of Education. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory o f Economic Development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Metods for Business. A Skill Buildings Approach. 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. USA.
• Steers; R.M. (1976). When Is an Organization Effective? A Process Approach to Understanding Effectiveness. Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 5, No. 2. Thompson J. D. (1967). Organizations in Action, New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
• Topsakal, Y., (2018). Konaklama İşletmelerinde Sosyal Sermayenin Örgütsel Performansa Etkisinde Rekabet Stratejilerinin Aracı Rolü, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17 (1): 334-349.
• Tseng, Y. ve Lee, T.Z. (2009). Comparing Appropirate Decision Support of Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance With DEA/AHP Model. Expert System with Applications. (36): 6548-6558.
• Vigoda-Gadot, E. ve Kapun, D. (2005). Perceptions of Politics and Perceived Performance in Public and Private Organisations: A Test of One Model Across Two Sectors. Policy & Politics, Vol. 33(2): 251-276.
• Wheelen, T. L. ve Hunger, J. D. (2000). Strategic Management Business Policy, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, USA.
• Wignaraja, G. (2003). Competitiveness Strategy in Developing Countries. Routledge, London.
• Williams, C.E. ve Tse, E.C.Y. (1995). The Relationship Between Strategy and Entrepreneurship: The US Restaurant Sector. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 7(1): 22-26.
• Wright, P. M., Dunford, B. B., ve Snell, S. A. (2001). Human Resources and The Resource Based View of The Firm. Journal of Management, 27(6): 701–721.
• Yamin, S., Mavondo, F.T., Gunasekaran, A. ve Sarros, J.C. (1997). A Study of Competitive Strategy, Organisational Innovation and Organisational Performance Among Australian Manufacturing Companies. International Journal of Prduction Economics. 52: 161-172.
• Zahra, S.A., ve Covin, J.G. (1995). Contextual Influences on The Corporate Entrepreneurship-Performance Relationship: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(1): 43–58.
• Zahra, S.A., ve Garvis, D. M. (2000). International Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect of International Environmental Hostility. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6): 469–492.
• Zampetakis, L.A. ve Moustakis. V.S. (2007). Entrepreneurial Behaviour in The Greek Public Sector. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 13(1): 19-38.
• Zampetakis, L.A. Beldekos, P. ve Moustakis V.S. (2009). Day-To-Day Entrepreneurship Within Organisations: The Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Organisational Support. European Management Journal, 27: 165-175. Zengin, Y. (2015). Girişimcilik Becerilerinin Firma Rekabetçiliğine Etkisi: TRA 2 Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı.