POSITIVE HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATION OF STATES AND THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS DURING LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS

Year 2022, , 76 - 94, 24.11.2022

Berkant Akkuş

https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1143071

Abstract

Autonomous weapon systems are artificial intelligence-based, modern weapon systems that can identify and destroy targets without meaningful human intervention. In this article, human rights violations that may occur in case of widespread use of autonomous weapon systems in law enforcement operations in the near future will be examined and the positive obligations of states will be determined. States' positive human rights obligations in line with the United Nations, Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, can be listed as weapon selection and the duty of precaution, the official training of law enforcement officers, procedural obligation, the right to explanation and the right not to be subject to completely automatic decisions. The research results of this article offer that, in line with the existing case law of human rights courts, autonomous weapon systems cannot comply with the positive obligation on the right to life.

Keywords

Autonomous Weapon Systems, International Human Rights Law, Positive Obligations

DEVLETLERİN POZİTİF İNSAN HAKLARI YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ VE KOLLUK OPERASYONLARI SIRASINDA OTONOM SİLAH SİSTEMLERİNİN KULLANIMI

Abstract

Otonom silah sistemleri, anlamlı bir insan müdahalesi olmaksızın hedefleri belirleyip yok edebilen, yapay zekâ temelli modern silah sistemleridir. Bu makalede, yakın gelecekte otonom silah sistemlerinin kolluk operasyonlarında yaygın olarak kullanılması durumunda meydana gelebilecek insan hakları ihlalleri incelenerek, devletlerin pozitif yükümlülükleri belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır. Devletlerin pozitif insan hakları yükümlülükleri; Birleşmiş Milletler Kolluk Görevlileri Tarafından Güç ve Ateşli Silah Kullanımına İlişkin Temel İlkeler doğrultusunda silah seçimi ve tedbir görevi, kolluk kuvvetlerinin resmi eğitimi, usul yükümlülüğü, açıklanabilirlik hakkı ve tamamen otomatik kararlara tabi olmama hakkı olarak sıralanabilir. Bu makalenin araştırma sonuçları, insan hakları mahkemelerinin mevcut içtihat hukuku doğrultusunda, otonom silah sistemlerinin yaşam hakkına ilişkin pozitif yükümlülüğe uyamayacağını öne sürmektedir.

Keywords

Otonom Silah Sistemleri, Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku, Pozitif Yükümlülükler

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