EXAMINATION OF ARCHITECTS’ LEVELS OF BURNOUT
Year 2017,
Volume: 9 Issue: 19, 219 - 230, 30.06.2017
Dilek Murat
,
Filiz Şenkal Sezer
,
Yasemin Erbil
Abstract
The objective
of the present study is to determine the burnout levels of architects working
in architectural firms and to identify whether their burnout levels
differentiated based on certain demographic variables. The population of the
study included 1250 architects registered with Chamber of Architects in Bursa
province. Sample of the study included 150 volunteer architects that work at
architectural firms in Bursa and accessed with e-mail. Personal Information
Form and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Form were used as data collection
tools in the study. Data analysis was conducted with log linear analysis, which
is commonly used for multivariate categorical data analysis. It was determined
that the architects had intermediate level of burnout. Correlation between the
burnout levels of the architects and factors such as gender, age, education
level, marital status, willingness in choice of profession, hours spent at the
office, number of architects working at the same office, total weekly work
hours, average annual income was analyzed. Statistical data analysis
demonstrated that females and architects who stated that their choice of
profession was not voluntary had higher levels of burnout.
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- Edelwich, Jerry - Brodsky, Archie (1980), Burn-Out: Stages of Disillusionment in the Helping Professions, Human Sciences Press, New York.
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- Gan, Yiqun - Shang, Jiayin – Zhang, Yiling (2007), “Coping Flexibility and Locus of Control as Predictors of Burnout Among Chinese College Students”, Social Behavior and Personality, Vol.35, Iss.8, (1087-1098).
- Haynes, Natasha S. - Love, Peter E. D. (2004), “Psychological Adjustment and Coping Among Construction Project Managers”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.22, Iss.2, (129-140).
- Heaney, Catherine A. - Israel, Barbara A. - House, James S. (1994), “Chronic Job Insecurity Among Automobile Workers: Effects on Job Satisfaction and Health”, Social Science and Medicine, Vol.38, Iss.10, (1431-1437).
- Hock, Roger R., (1998), “Professional Burnout Among Public School Teachers”, Public Personnel Management, Vol.17, Iss.2, (167-189).
- Hu, Qiao - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. (2009), “The Factorial Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in China”, Psychological Reports, Vol. 105, Iss.2, (394-408).
- Ibem, Eziyi Offia – Anosike, Michael Nwabueze – Azuh, Dominic Ezenwa – Mosaku Tim O (2011), “Work Stress among Professionals in the Building Construction Industry in Nigeria”, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 11, Iss. 3, (45-57).
- Jia, Yunyan A. - Rowlinson, Steve - Kvan, Thomas - Lingard, Helen C. –Yip Brenda (2009), “Burnout among Hong Kong Chinese Architecture Students: the Paradoxical Effect of Confucian Conformity Values”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.27, Iss.3, (287-298).
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- Lee, J.ayoung - Puig, Ana - Kim, Young B. - Shin, Hyojung - Lee, Ji H. - Lee, Sang M. (2010), “Academic Burnout Profiles in Korean Adolescents”, Stress and Health, Vol.26, Iss.5, (404-416).
- Leiter, Michael P. (1991), “Coping Patterns as Predictors of Burnout: The Function of Control and Escapist Coping Patterns” Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.12, Iss.2, (123-144).
- Leiter, Michael P. - Maslach, Christina (2001), “Burnout and Quality in a Sped-Up World”, The Journal for Quality and Participation, Vol.24, Iss.2, (48-52).
- Leung, Mei-yung – Chan, Yee Shan Isabelle – Dongyu, Chen (2011), “Structural linear relationships between job stress, burnout, physiological stress, and performance of construction project managers”, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 18 Iss. 3, (312-328).
- Lingard, Helen (2003), “The Impact of Individual and Job Characteristics of ‘Burnout’ Among Civil Engineers in Australia and The Implications for Employee Turnover”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.21, Iss.1, (69-80).
- Lingard, Helen C. - Yip, Brenda - Rowlinson, Steve - Kvan, Thomas (2007), “The Experience of Burnout Among Future Construction Professionals: A Cross National Study”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.25, Iss.4, (345-357).
- Loosemore, Martin - Dainty, Andrew - Lingard, Helen (2003), Human Resource Management in Construction Projects: Strategic and Operational Issues, Spon Press, London.
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1981), “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol.2, (99-113).
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1981), “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Organisational Behavior, Vol.2, Iss.2, (99-113). doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1982), Burnout in the Health Professions: A Social Psychological Analysis. (Eds: G. Sanders and J. Suls), Social Psychology of Health and Illness (227-251). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1986), Maslach Burnout Inventory, 2nd ed., Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Maslach, Christina - Leiter, Michael P. (1997), The Truth About Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What To Do About it, CA: Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
- Maslach Christina - Schaufeli Wilmar B. - Leiter Michael P. ( 2001). “Job Burnout”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.52, (397-422).
- Meier, Scott T. (1983), “Toward a Theory of Burnout”, Human Relations, Vol.36, Iss.10, (899-910).
- Morgan, Brandon (2008), The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Burnout in South African University Students, Dissertation Magister Artium, University of Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities.
- Nyssen, Anne S. - Hansez, Isabella - Baele, P. - Lamy, M. - De Keyser, Veronique. (2003), “Occupational Stress and Burnout in Anaesthesia”, British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol.90, Iss.3, (333-337).
- Salanova, Marisa - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. - Martinez, Isabel - Breso, Edgar (2009), “How Obstacles and Facilitators Predict Academic Performance: The Mediating Role of Study Burnout and Engagement”, Anxiety, Stress & Coping, Vol.23, Iss.1, (53-70).
- Schaufeli, Wilmar B. - Bakker, Arnold B. (2004), “Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship With Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.25, Iss.3, (293–315).
- Surgevil, Olca (2006), Çalışma Hayatında Tükenmişlik Sendromu, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul.
- Peeters, Maria C. W. - Le Blanc, Pascale M. (2001), “Towards a Match Between Job Demands and Sources of Social Support: A Study Among Oncology Care Providers”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol.10, Iss.1, (53-72).
- Perlman, Baron - Hartman, Alan E. (1982), “Burnout: Summary and Future Research”, Human Relations, Vol.35, Iss.4, (283-305).
- Pines, Ayala M. - Aronson, Elliot (1988), Career Burnout: Causes and Cures, Free Press, New York.
- Tang, Henry (2001), Construct for Excellence: Report of the Construction Industry Review Committee, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
- Taris, Toon W. - Schreurs, Paul J. G. - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. (1999), “Construct Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey: A Two-Sample Examination of its Factor Structure and Correlates”, Work & Stress, Vol.13, Iss.3, (223-237).
- Wright Thomas A., Bonett Douglas G., (1997), “The Contribution of Burnout to Work Performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.18, Iss.5, (491-499).
- Yalçın, Mine (1995), Rol Çatışması-Rol Belirsizliği ve Stres Arasındaki İlişkiyi Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Yip, Brenda - Rowlinson Steve - Kvan Thomas - Lingard, Helen (2005), “Job Burnout Within The Hong Kong Construction Industry: A Cultural Perspective”, Proceedings of the CIB W92/T23/W107 International Symposium on Procurement Systems, Las Vegas.
- Yip, Brenda - Rowlinson, Steve (2006), “Job Burnout Among Construction Professionals in Hong Kong”, Journal of the Hong Kong Institute of Construction Managers, October, 11-14.
- Zhang, Yiwen - Gan, Yiqun - Cham, Heining (2007), “Perfectionism, Academic Burnout and Engagement among Chinese College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.43, Iss.6, 1529-1540.
Year 2017,
Volume: 9 Issue: 19, 219 - 230, 30.06.2017
Dilek Murat
,
Filiz Şenkal Sezer
,
Yasemin Erbil
References
- Bowen, Paul – Edwards, Peter – Lingard Helen (2013), “Workplace Stress Experienced by Construction Professionals in South Africa”, Journal of Construction Engineering And Management Vol. 139, Iss.4, (393-403).
- Breso, Edgar (2008), Well-being and Performance in Academic Settings: The Predicting Role of Self-efficacy, Dissertation, Universitat Jaume I, Spain.
- Breso, Edgar - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. - Salanova, Marisa (2011), “Can a Self-Efficacy-Based Intervention Decrease Burnout, Increase Engagement And Enhance Performance? A Quasi-Experimental Study”, Higher Education, Vol.61, Iss.4, (339-355).
- Brewer, Ernest W. - Clippard, Laure F. (2002), “Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Student Support Services Personnel”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol.13, Iss.2, (169-186).
- Cano García, Francisco J. - Padilla Muñoz, Eva M. - Carrasco Ortiz, Miguel A. (2005), “Personality and Contextual Variables in Teacher Burnout”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.38, Iss.4, (929-940).
- Chang, Esther - Hancock, Karen (2003), “Role Stress and Role Ambiguity in New Nursing Graduates in Australia”, Nursing and Health Sciences, Vol.5, Iss.2, (155-163).
- Cherniss, Cary (1980), Staff Burnout: Job Stress in the Human Service, Beverly Hills, CA, Sage, USA.
- Cherniss, Cary (1988), “Observed Supervisiory Behavior an Teacher Burnout in Special Education,” Exceptional Children, Vol.54, Iss.5, (449-454).
- Çivici, Tülay (2016), “Mimari Tasarım Bürolarında Çalışan Mimarların Mesleki Tükenmişlik Düzeylerini Etkileyen Demotivasyon Faktörleri ”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol.31, Iss.1, (281-292).
- Cordes, Cynthia L. - Dougherty, Thomas W. (1993), “A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol.18, Iss.4, (621-656).
- Dainty, Andrew R. J. - Neale, Richard H. - Bagilhole, Barbara M. (1999), “Women’s Careers in Large Construction Companies: Expectations Unfulfilled?”, Career Development International, Vol. 4, Iss.7, (353-357).
- Edelwich, Jerry - Brodsky, Archie (1980), Burn-Out: Stages of Disillusionment in the Helping Professions, Human Sciences Press, New York.
- Ergin, Canan (1993), “Doktor ve Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin Uyarlanması”, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, 22-25 Eylül Hacettepe Üniversitesi, VII Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Düzenleme Kurulu ve Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayını, Ankara. (s. 149-160) (Ed: R. Bayraktar ve İ. Dağ)
- Freudenberger, Herbert J. (1974), “Staff Burnout”, Journal of Social Issues, Vol.30, Iss.1, (159-165).
- Gan, Yiqun - Shang, Jiayin – Zhang, Yiling (2007), “Coping Flexibility and Locus of Control as Predictors of Burnout Among Chinese College Students”, Social Behavior and Personality, Vol.35, Iss.8, (1087-1098).
- Haynes, Natasha S. - Love, Peter E. D. (2004), “Psychological Adjustment and Coping Among Construction Project Managers”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.22, Iss.2, (129-140).
- Heaney, Catherine A. - Israel, Barbara A. - House, James S. (1994), “Chronic Job Insecurity Among Automobile Workers: Effects on Job Satisfaction and Health”, Social Science and Medicine, Vol.38, Iss.10, (1431-1437).
- Hock, Roger R., (1998), “Professional Burnout Among Public School Teachers”, Public Personnel Management, Vol.17, Iss.2, (167-189).
- Hu, Qiao - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. (2009), “The Factorial Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in China”, Psychological Reports, Vol. 105, Iss.2, (394-408).
- Ibem, Eziyi Offia – Anosike, Michael Nwabueze – Azuh, Dominic Ezenwa – Mosaku Tim O (2011), “Work Stress among Professionals in the Building Construction Industry in Nigeria”, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 11, Iss. 3, (45-57).
- Jia, Yunyan A. - Rowlinson, Steve - Kvan, Thomas - Lingard, Helen C. –Yip Brenda (2009), “Burnout among Hong Kong Chinese Architecture Students: the Paradoxical Effect of Confucian Conformity Values”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.27, Iss.3, (287-298).
- Keser, A. (2009), Tükenmişlik Sendromu, (Ed: G. Yılmaz, ve S. Yürür), Çalışma Yaşamında Davranış Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 1.B., Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
- Lee, Raymond T. - Ashforth, Blake E. (1996), “A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Correlates of the Three Dimensions of Job Burnout”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.81, Iss.2, (123–133).
- Lee, J.ayoung - Puig, Ana - Kim, Young B. - Shin, Hyojung - Lee, Ji H. - Lee, Sang M. (2010), “Academic Burnout Profiles in Korean Adolescents”, Stress and Health, Vol.26, Iss.5, (404-416).
- Leiter, Michael P. (1991), “Coping Patterns as Predictors of Burnout: The Function of Control and Escapist Coping Patterns” Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.12, Iss.2, (123-144).
- Leiter, Michael P. - Maslach, Christina (2001), “Burnout and Quality in a Sped-Up World”, The Journal for Quality and Participation, Vol.24, Iss.2, (48-52).
- Leung, Mei-yung – Chan, Yee Shan Isabelle – Dongyu, Chen (2011), “Structural linear relationships between job stress, burnout, physiological stress, and performance of construction project managers”, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 18 Iss. 3, (312-328).
- Lingard, Helen (2003), “The Impact of Individual and Job Characteristics of ‘Burnout’ Among Civil Engineers in Australia and The Implications for Employee Turnover”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.21, Iss.1, (69-80).
- Lingard, Helen C. - Yip, Brenda - Rowlinson, Steve - Kvan, Thomas (2007), “The Experience of Burnout Among Future Construction Professionals: A Cross National Study”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol.25, Iss.4, (345-357).
- Loosemore, Martin - Dainty, Andrew - Lingard, Helen (2003), Human Resource Management in Construction Projects: Strategic and Operational Issues, Spon Press, London.
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1981), “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol.2, (99-113).
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1981), “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Organisational Behavior, Vol.2, Iss.2, (99-113). doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1982), Burnout in the Health Professions: A Social Psychological Analysis. (Eds: G. Sanders and J. Suls), Social Psychology of Health and Illness (227-251). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Maslach, Christina - Jackson, Susan E. (1986), Maslach Burnout Inventory, 2nd ed., Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Maslach, Christina - Leiter, Michael P. (1997), The Truth About Burnout: How Organizations Cause Personal Stress and What To Do About it, CA: Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
- Maslach Christina - Schaufeli Wilmar B. - Leiter Michael P. ( 2001). “Job Burnout”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.52, (397-422).
- Meier, Scott T. (1983), “Toward a Theory of Burnout”, Human Relations, Vol.36, Iss.10, (899-910).
- Morgan, Brandon (2008), The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Burnout in South African University Students, Dissertation Magister Artium, University of Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities.
- Nyssen, Anne S. - Hansez, Isabella - Baele, P. - Lamy, M. - De Keyser, Veronique. (2003), “Occupational Stress and Burnout in Anaesthesia”, British Journal of Anaesthesia, Vol.90, Iss.3, (333-337).
- Salanova, Marisa - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. - Martinez, Isabel - Breso, Edgar (2009), “How Obstacles and Facilitators Predict Academic Performance: The Mediating Role of Study Burnout and Engagement”, Anxiety, Stress & Coping, Vol.23, Iss.1, (53-70).
- Schaufeli, Wilmar B. - Bakker, Arnold B. (2004), “Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship With Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.25, Iss.3, (293–315).
- Surgevil, Olca (2006), Çalışma Hayatında Tükenmişlik Sendromu, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, İstanbul.
- Peeters, Maria C. W. - Le Blanc, Pascale M. (2001), “Towards a Match Between Job Demands and Sources of Social Support: A Study Among Oncology Care Providers”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol.10, Iss.1, (53-72).
- Perlman, Baron - Hartman, Alan E. (1982), “Burnout: Summary and Future Research”, Human Relations, Vol.35, Iss.4, (283-305).
- Pines, Ayala M. - Aronson, Elliot (1988), Career Burnout: Causes and Cures, Free Press, New York.
- Tang, Henry (2001), Construct for Excellence: Report of the Construction Industry Review Committee, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
- Taris, Toon W. - Schreurs, Paul J. G. - Schaufeli, Wilmar B. (1999), “Construct Validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey: A Two-Sample Examination of its Factor Structure and Correlates”, Work & Stress, Vol.13, Iss.3, (223-237).
- Wright Thomas A., Bonett Douglas G., (1997), “The Contribution of Burnout to Work Performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.18, Iss.5, (491-499).
- Yalçın, Mine (1995), Rol Çatışması-Rol Belirsizliği ve Stres Arasındaki İlişkiyi Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Yip, Brenda - Rowlinson Steve - Kvan Thomas - Lingard, Helen (2005), “Job Burnout Within The Hong Kong Construction Industry: A Cultural Perspective”, Proceedings of the CIB W92/T23/W107 International Symposium on Procurement Systems, Las Vegas.
- Yip, Brenda - Rowlinson, Steve (2006), “Job Burnout Among Construction Professionals in Hong Kong”, Journal of the Hong Kong Institute of Construction Managers, October, 11-14.
- Zhang, Yiwen - Gan, Yiqun - Cham, Heining (2007), “Perfectionism, Academic Burnout and Engagement among Chinese College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.43, Iss.6, 1529-1540.