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Çocuk Bakımında Büyükannelik ve Büyükbabalık: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Tartışmaları Bağlamında Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 122 - 154, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.532016

Abstract

1970’lerde
başlayan teknolojik, ekonomik, demografik, kültürel ve politik değişiklikler dünyanın
bütün ülkelerinde gerek biçimsel gerek yapısal, köklü dönüşümlere yol açmıştır.
Bu
değişimler, aile kurumunu da etkilemiştir. Aile yapılanmasında gözlenen
belirgin dönüşümlerden biri, büyük ebeveynliğin çocuk bakım sorumluluğunu da
içeren bir rol olarak konumlanır hale gelmiş olmasıdır. Çağdaş dünyada büyük
ebeveynliğin çocuk bakım ihtiyacına da cevap veren bir role dönüşmesi, boşanmış,
tek ebeveynli ailelerin 1980’lerden itibaren dünya çapında yaygınlaşmasına ek
olarak artan kadın istihdamından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu gelişmelerin yanı sıra ortalama ömrün
uzamasıyla, torun bakım sorumluluğunun da dahil olduğu yeni büyük ebeveynlik rolü,
uzun soluklu bir hal almaktadır. Ne var ki bakım sürecine aktif katılım kültürel normlar, cinsiyet rolü
özellikleri ve erkek ile kadın rollerinin geleneksel görünüşleri doğrultusunda
biçimlendiği için büyükanne-babaların bakım faaliyetine katılım dereceleri ve
bakıma ilişkin üstlendikleri sorumluluklar, farklılaşmaktadır. Ancak
büyük ebeveyn-torun
ilişkisi üzerine yapılan araştırmaların büyük kısmında büyükbabalar çok küçük
bir örneklem içinde yer almaktadır. Kendi büyük ebeveynlik deneyimleri büyük
ebeveynlik literatüründe sınırlı yer bulabilen büyükbabalara ilişkin veriler,
yoğunluklu olarak büyükannelere ait bulgular olarak rapor edilmektedir. Bu
bakımdan bu makalede
, ailenin yapılanmasında
değişikliklere yol açan eğilimlerin sonucunda ortaya çıkan torun bakım
ihtiyacına büyükannelerin yanı sıra büyükbabaların ne denli katılım
gösterdiklerinin ve bu süreçte hangi rolleri üstlendiklerinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Büyük ebeveynlerle gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler neticesinde torunların fiziksel bakım ihtiyaçlarının
büyükannelerince karşılandığı, büyükbabaların da torunlarının araçsal
ihtiyaçlarına cevap verme konusunda daha fazla sorumluluk aldıkları
anlaşılmıştır.

References

  • AARP. (2002). The Grandparent Study 2002 Report. Erişim tarihi: 22.02. 2019, https://www.aarp.org/relationships/grandparenting/info-2002/aresearch-import-481.html
  • Armstrong, M.J. (2005). Grandchildren’s influences on grandparents: A resource for integration of older people in New Zealand’s aging society. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 3(2), 7-21.
  • Arpacı, F.& Tezel Şahin, F. (Nisan, 2015). Yaşlı Bireylerin Yaşlı ve Çocuk Etkileşimine İlişkin Görüşleri. TSA,19(1), 231-245.
  • Bates, J.S. (2009). Generative grandfathering: A conceptual framework for nurturing grandchildren. Marriage & Family Review, 45(4), 331-352.
  • Baydar, N. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). Profiles of grandmothers who help care for their grandchildren in the United States. Family Relations, 47(4), 385-393.
  • Bowers, B.F. & Myers, B.J. (1999). Grandmothers providing care for grandchildren: Consequences of various levels of caregiving. Family Relations, 48(3), 303-311.
  • Burgess, A. (2015). Interconnectedness: The grandparents role in childbearing and parenting. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 30(1), 68-73.
  • Choi, M., Sprang, G. & Eslinger, J.G. (2016). Grandparents raising grandchildren: A synthetic review and theoretical model for interventions. Family and Community Health, 39(2), 120-128.
  • Clarke, L. & Roberts, C. (2003). The meaning of grandparenthood and its contribution to the quality of life of older people. In A.Walker & C.H.Hennessy (Ed.), Growing older: Quality of life in old age (ss.188-208). England: Open University Press
  • Danielsbacka, M., Tanskanen, A.O. & Rotkirch, A. (2015). Impact of genetic relatedness and emotional closeness on intergenerational relations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(4), 889-907.
  • Dellmann-Jenkins, M., Hollis, A.H. & Gordon K.L. (2005). An intergenerational perspective on grandparent roles: views of young parents and middle-age/older adults. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 3(1), 35-48.
  • Denham, T.E. & Smith, C.W. (1989). The influence of grandparents on grandchildren: A review of the literature and resources. Family Relations, 38(3), 345-350.
  • Gauthier, A. (2002). The role of grandparents. Current Sociology, 50(2), 295–307.
  • Goodman, C.C. & Silverstein, M. (2001). Grandmothers who parent their grandchildren. Journal of Family Issues, 22(5), 557-578.
  • Dunifon, R. & Bajracharya, A. (2012). The role of grandparents in the lives of youth. Journal of Family Issues, 33(9), 1168-1194.
  • Griggs, J., Tan, J., Buchanan, A., Attar-Schwartz, S. & Flouri, E. (2010). They’ve always been there for me: Grandparental involvement and child well-being. Children & Society, 24(3), 200-214.
  • Herlofson, K. & Hagestad, G.O. (2012). Transformations in the role of grandparents across welfare states. In S.Arber & V.Timonen (Ed.), Contemporary grandparenting (ss. 27-49). University of Bristol: The Policy Press
  • Richard, A. & Harris, P. (2001). ‘Second time around’: A survey of grandparents raising their grandchildren. Adoption and Fostering, 25(3), 67-69.
  • Kemp, C.L. (2007). Grandparent - grandchild ties. Reflections on continuity and change across three generations. Journal of Family Issues, 28(7), 855-881.
  • Margolis, R. (2016). The changing demography of grandparenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78, 610-622.
  • Mehta, K.K. & Thang, L. L. (2012). Introduction: Grandparenthood in Asia. In K. K. Mehta & L. L. Thang (Ed.), Experiencing Grandparenthood An Asian Perspective (ss.1-19). New York: Springer Parsons, T. (1972). Age and sex in the social structure of the United States. P. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Schmid, W. (2018). Anne baba ve büyükanne büyükbaba olmanın sevinçleri üzerine (T. Bora, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
  • Svensson-Dianellou, A., Smith, P.K. & Mestheneos, E. (2010). Family help by Greek grandparents. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(3), 249-263.
  • Timonen, V. & Arber, S. (2012). A new look at grandparenting. In S.Arber & V.Timonen (Ed.), Contemporary grandparenting (ss. 1-24). University of Bristol: The Policy Press
  • Villar, F., Triado, C., Pinazo-Hernandis, S., Celdran, M. & Sole, C. (2010). Grandparents and their adolescent grandchildren: Generational stake or generational complaint? A study with dyads in Spain. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(3), 281-297.
  • Wang, Y. & Marcotte, D.E. (2007). Golden years? The labor market effects of caring for grandchildren. Discussion Paper Series, IZA DP No. 2629, 1-38.
  • Williams, M.N. (2011). The changing roles of grandparents raising grandchildren. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 21(8), 948-962.
  • Xu, L., Silverstein, M. & Chi, I. (2014). Emotional closeness between grandparents and grandchildren in rural China: The mediating role of the middle generation. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(3), 226-240.
  • TÜİK.(2017).Evlenme istatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2019, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=112&locale=tr
  • TÜİK. (2017). Eğitim istatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2019, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=130&locale=tr
Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 122 - 154, 29.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.532016

Abstract

References

  • AARP. (2002). The Grandparent Study 2002 Report. Erişim tarihi: 22.02. 2019, https://www.aarp.org/relationships/grandparenting/info-2002/aresearch-import-481.html
  • Armstrong, M.J. (2005). Grandchildren’s influences on grandparents: A resource for integration of older people in New Zealand’s aging society. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 3(2), 7-21.
  • Arpacı, F.& Tezel Şahin, F. (Nisan, 2015). Yaşlı Bireylerin Yaşlı ve Çocuk Etkileşimine İlişkin Görüşleri. TSA,19(1), 231-245.
  • Bates, J.S. (2009). Generative grandfathering: A conceptual framework for nurturing grandchildren. Marriage & Family Review, 45(4), 331-352.
  • Baydar, N. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1998). Profiles of grandmothers who help care for their grandchildren in the United States. Family Relations, 47(4), 385-393.
  • Bowers, B.F. & Myers, B.J. (1999). Grandmothers providing care for grandchildren: Consequences of various levels of caregiving. Family Relations, 48(3), 303-311.
  • Burgess, A. (2015). Interconnectedness: The grandparents role in childbearing and parenting. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 30(1), 68-73.
  • Choi, M., Sprang, G. & Eslinger, J.G. (2016). Grandparents raising grandchildren: A synthetic review and theoretical model for interventions. Family and Community Health, 39(2), 120-128.
  • Clarke, L. & Roberts, C. (2003). The meaning of grandparenthood and its contribution to the quality of life of older people. In A.Walker & C.H.Hennessy (Ed.), Growing older: Quality of life in old age (ss.188-208). England: Open University Press
  • Danielsbacka, M., Tanskanen, A.O. & Rotkirch, A. (2015). Impact of genetic relatedness and emotional closeness on intergenerational relations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(4), 889-907.
  • Dellmann-Jenkins, M., Hollis, A.H. & Gordon K.L. (2005). An intergenerational perspective on grandparent roles: views of young parents and middle-age/older adults. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 3(1), 35-48.
  • Denham, T.E. & Smith, C.W. (1989). The influence of grandparents on grandchildren: A review of the literature and resources. Family Relations, 38(3), 345-350.
  • Gauthier, A. (2002). The role of grandparents. Current Sociology, 50(2), 295–307.
  • Goodman, C.C. & Silverstein, M. (2001). Grandmothers who parent their grandchildren. Journal of Family Issues, 22(5), 557-578.
  • Dunifon, R. & Bajracharya, A. (2012). The role of grandparents in the lives of youth. Journal of Family Issues, 33(9), 1168-1194.
  • Griggs, J., Tan, J., Buchanan, A., Attar-Schwartz, S. & Flouri, E. (2010). They’ve always been there for me: Grandparental involvement and child well-being. Children & Society, 24(3), 200-214.
  • Herlofson, K. & Hagestad, G.O. (2012). Transformations in the role of grandparents across welfare states. In S.Arber & V.Timonen (Ed.), Contemporary grandparenting (ss. 27-49). University of Bristol: The Policy Press
  • Richard, A. & Harris, P. (2001). ‘Second time around’: A survey of grandparents raising their grandchildren. Adoption and Fostering, 25(3), 67-69.
  • Kemp, C.L. (2007). Grandparent - grandchild ties. Reflections on continuity and change across three generations. Journal of Family Issues, 28(7), 855-881.
  • Margolis, R. (2016). The changing demography of grandparenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78, 610-622.
  • Mehta, K.K. & Thang, L. L. (2012). Introduction: Grandparenthood in Asia. In K. K. Mehta & L. L. Thang (Ed.), Experiencing Grandparenthood An Asian Perspective (ss.1-19). New York: Springer Parsons, T. (1972). Age and sex in the social structure of the United States. P. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Schmid, W. (2018). Anne baba ve büyükanne büyükbaba olmanın sevinçleri üzerine (T. Bora, Çev.) İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık.
  • Svensson-Dianellou, A., Smith, P.K. & Mestheneos, E. (2010). Family help by Greek grandparents. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(3), 249-263.
  • Timonen, V. & Arber, S. (2012). A new look at grandparenting. In S.Arber & V.Timonen (Ed.), Contemporary grandparenting (ss. 1-24). University of Bristol: The Policy Press
  • Villar, F., Triado, C., Pinazo-Hernandis, S., Celdran, M. & Sole, C. (2010). Grandparents and their adolescent grandchildren: Generational stake or generational complaint? A study with dyads in Spain. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8(3), 281-297.
  • Wang, Y. & Marcotte, D.E. (2007). Golden years? The labor market effects of caring for grandchildren. Discussion Paper Series, IZA DP No. 2629, 1-38.
  • Williams, M.N. (2011). The changing roles of grandparents raising grandchildren. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 21(8), 948-962.
  • Xu, L., Silverstein, M. & Chi, I. (2014). Emotional closeness between grandparents and grandchildren in rural China: The mediating role of the middle generation. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 12(3), 226-240.
  • TÜİK.(2017).Evlenme istatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2019, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=112&locale=tr
  • TÜİK. (2017). Eğitim istatistikleri. Erişim tarihi: 21.02.2019, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=130&locale=tr
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sinem Burcu Uğur 0000-0002-4984-4015

Publication Date March 29, 2019
Acceptance Date February 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uğur, S. B. (2019). Çocuk Bakımında Büyükannelik ve Büyükbabalık: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Tartışmaları Bağlamında Nitel Bir Araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1), 122-154. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.532016