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The Examination of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies of Young Adults in Terms of Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and Gender

Year 2017, Volume: 45 Issue: 45, 79 - 92, 06.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.279969

Abstract








The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation
strategies and the relational-interdependent self-construal of young adults. Moreover, in the
study, whether the cognitive emotion regulation strategies differed in terms of the relational-
interdependent self-construal levels, and whether the relational-interdependent self-construal
levels differed by gender were investigated. Data were collected from 432 young adults at the Trakya
University in the Faculty of Education. The findings showed that there were positive correlations
between some of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies (self-blame, acceptance, rumination,
planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective) and the relational-interdependent
self-construal. In addition, it was found that some of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies
(self-blame, rumination, planning, and putting into perspective) significantly differed by level
of the relational-interdependent self-construal, and females’ relational-interdependent self-
construal levels were significantly higher than males. 




References

  • Akın, A., Eroğlu, Y., Kayış, A. R., & Satıcı, S. A. (2010). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Relational-interdependent Self-construal Scale. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 579-584.
  • Anderson, C. A., Miller, R. S., Riger, A. L., Dill, J. C., & Sedikides, C. (1994). Behavioral and characterological styles as predictors of depression and loneliness: review, refinement, and test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 549-558.
  • Andrés, M. L., Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Castañeiras, C., Canet-Juric, L., & Rodríguez-Carvajal, R. (2016). Neuroticism and depression in children: The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 177(2), 55-71.
  • Buunk, B. P., & Hoorens, V. (1992). Social support and stress: The role of social comparison and social exchange processes. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(4), 445-457.
  • Chang, E. C. (2013). Perfectionism and loneliness as predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in Asian and European Americans: Do Self-construal schemas also matter? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(6), 1179–1188.
  • Cheung, R. Y. M., & Park, I. J. K. (2010). Anger suppression, interdependent self-construal, and depression among Asian American and European American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(4), 517-525.
  • Constantine, M. G. (2001). Independent and interdependent self-construals as predictors of multicultural case conceptualization ability in counsellor trainees. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14(1), 33- 42.
  • Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122 (1), 5–37.
  • Cross, S. E., & Morris, M. L. (2003). Getting to know you: The relational self-construal relational cognition, and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 512–523.
  • Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000). The relational interdependent self-construal and relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 791–808.
  • Cross, S. E., Gore, J. S., & Morris, M. L. (2003). The relational-interdependent selfconstrual, self-concept consistency, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 933–944.
  • Cross, S. E., Morris, M. L., & Gore, J. S. (2002). Thinking about oneself and others: The relationalinterdependent self-construal and social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 399–418.
  • Duncan, E., Ornaghi, V., & Grazzani, I. (2013). Self-Construal and Psychological Wellbeing in Scottish and Italian Young Adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1145-1161.
  • Dickson, K. S., Ciesla, J. A., & Zelic, K. (2017). The Role of Executive Functioning in Adolescent Rumination and Depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41:62-72.
  • Ekman, P. (1992). Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review, 99, 550-553.
  • Ercan, H. (2013). Genç yetişkinlerde benlik kurgusu üzerine bir çalışma. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/ Journal of World of Turks, 5(2), 157-178.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2016). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 1-8.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141–149.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual differences, 40(8), 1659-1669.
  • Garnefski, N., Kommer, T. V. D., Kraaij, V., Teerds, J., Legers-tee, J., & Onstein, E. (2002). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non-clinical Sample. European Journal of Personality, 16, 403-420.
  • Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327.
  • Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1994). Assertiveness, submissive behaviour and social comparison. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 295-306.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi: Kültürel psikoloji. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 865-878.
  • Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000). Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognition & Emotion, 14(1), 93-124.
  • Kraaij, V., Arensman, E., Garnefski, N., & Kremers, I. (2007). The role of cognitive coping. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(12), 1603-1612.
  • Kraaij, V., Garnefski N., & Vlietstra A. (2008). Cognitive coping and depressive symptoms in definitive infertility: a prospective study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 29(1), 9-16.
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
  • Masters, J.C. (1991). Strategies and mechanisms for the personal and social control of emotion. In J. G arber & K.A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 182-207). Cambridge, U K: Cambridge University Press.
  • McGee, R., Wolfe, D., & Olson, J. (2001). Multiple maltreatment, attribution of blame, and adjustment among adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 827–846.
  • Megreya, A. M., Latzman, R. D., Al-Attiyah, A. A., & Alrashidi, M. (2016). The Robustness of the Nine- Factor Structure of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire across Four Arabic-Speaking Middle Eastern Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(6), 875-890.
  • Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2004). Self-conscious emotions as dynamic cultural processes. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 161-166.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • Onat, O. & Otrar, M. (2010). Bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 31, 123-143.
  • Park, I. J. K., & Kim, P.Y. (2012). The Role of self-construals in the link between anger regulation and externalizing problems in Korean American adolescents: Testing a moderated mediation model. Journal of Clınıcal Psychology, 68(12), 1339–1359.
  • Parrott, W.G. (2001). Emotions in social psychology: Volume Overview. In W.G. Parrott (Ed.), Emotions in social psychology (pp.1-19). PA: Psychology Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
  • Sakakibara, R., & Endo, T. (2016). Cognitive Appraisal as a Predictor of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Choice. Japanese Psychological Research, 58(2), 175-185.
  • Schroevers, M., Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2007). Goal disturbance, cognitive coping strategies, and psychological adjustment to different types of stressful life event. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(2), 413-423.
  • Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., Radu, P., Blechert, J., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation choice: a conceptual framework and supporting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 163-181.
  • Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580–591.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1991). Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
  • Trommsdorff, G., & Rothbaum, F. (2008). Development of emotion regulation in cultural context. In M. Vandekerckhove, C. von Scheve, S. Ismer, S. Jung & S. Kronast (Eds.), Regulating emotions: Culture, social necessity, and biological ınheritance (pp. 85 120). Malden, MA: Blackwell
  • Wood, J. V., Giordano-Beech, M., Taylor, K. L., Michela, J. L., & Gaus, V. (1994). Strategies of social comparison among people with low self-esteem: self-protection and self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 713-731.
  • Zampetakis, L. A., Kafetsios, K., Lerakis, M., & Moustakis, V. S. (2017). An Emotional Experience of Entrepreneurship: Self-Construal, Emotion Regulation, and Expressions to Anticipatory Emotions. Journal of Career Development, 44(2), 144-158.

Genç yetişkinlerin bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzlarının ilişkisel bağımlı benlik kurgusu ve cinsiyet açısından incelenmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 45 Issue: 45, 79 - 92, 06.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.279969

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın
temel amacı genç yetişkinlerin bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzları ile ilişkisel
bağımlı benlik kurguları arasında ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada ayrıca
genç yetişkinlerin bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzlarının, ilişkisel bağımlı
benlik kurgusu düzeyi değişkenine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı ve ilişkisel
bağımlı benlik kurgusu özelliklerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı bir
farklılık gösterip göstermediği de araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler
Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 432 genç yetişkinden
elde edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, bilişsel duygu düzenleme
stratejilerinin bazı boyutları (kendini suçlama, kabul etme, düşünceye
odaklanma, plana tekrar odaklanma, pozitif tekrar gözden geçirmek, bakış açısına
yerleştirmek) ile ilişkisel bağımlı benlik kurgusu arasında pozitif yönde
ilişkiler olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bilişsel duygu düzenleme
stratejilerinin bazı boyutlarının (kendini suçlama, düşünceye odaklanma, plana
tekrar odaklanma, bakış açısına yerleştirmek) ilişkisel bağımlı benlik
kurgu düzeyine göre farklılaştığı ve kadınların ilişkisel bağımlı benlik
kurgusu düzeylerinin erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur.






















 

References

  • Akın, A., Eroğlu, Y., Kayış, A. R., & Satıcı, S. A. (2010). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Relational-interdependent Self-construal Scale. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 579-584.
  • Anderson, C. A., Miller, R. S., Riger, A. L., Dill, J. C., & Sedikides, C. (1994). Behavioral and characterological styles as predictors of depression and loneliness: review, refinement, and test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 549-558.
  • Andrés, M. L., Richaud de Minzi, M. C., Castañeiras, C., Canet-Juric, L., & Rodríguez-Carvajal, R. (2016). Neuroticism and depression in children: The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 177(2), 55-71.
  • Buunk, B. P., & Hoorens, V. (1992). Social support and stress: The role of social comparison and social exchange processes. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(4), 445-457.
  • Chang, E. C. (2013). Perfectionism and loneliness as predictors of depressive and anxious symptoms in Asian and European Americans: Do Self-construal schemas also matter? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(6), 1179–1188.
  • Cheung, R. Y. M., & Park, I. J. K. (2010). Anger suppression, interdependent self-construal, and depression among Asian American and European American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(4), 517-525.
  • Constantine, M. G. (2001). Independent and interdependent self-construals as predictors of multicultural case conceptualization ability in counsellor trainees. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14(1), 33- 42.
  • Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122 (1), 5–37.
  • Cross, S. E., & Morris, M. L. (2003). Getting to know you: The relational self-construal relational cognition, and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 512–523.
  • Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000). The relational interdependent self-construal and relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 791–808.
  • Cross, S. E., Gore, J. S., & Morris, M. L. (2003). The relational-interdependent selfconstrual, self-concept consistency, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 933–944.
  • Cross, S. E., Morris, M. L., & Gore, J. S. (2002). Thinking about oneself and others: The relationalinterdependent self-construal and social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 399–418.
  • Duncan, E., Ornaghi, V., & Grazzani, I. (2013). Self-Construal and Psychological Wellbeing in Scottish and Italian Young Adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1145-1161.
  • Dickson, K. S., Ciesla, J. A., & Zelic, K. (2017). The Role of Executive Functioning in Adolescent Rumination and Depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41:62-72.
  • Ekman, P. (1992). Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review, 99, 550-553.
  • Ercan, H. (2013). Genç yetişkinlerde benlik kurgusu üzerine bir çalışma. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/ Journal of World of Turks, 5(2), 157-178.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2016). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 1-8.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141–149.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual differences, 40(8), 1659-1669.
  • Garnefski, N., Kommer, T. V. D., Kraaij, V., Teerds, J., Legers-tee, J., & Onstein, E. (2002). The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non-clinical Sample. European Journal of Personality, 16, 403-420.
  • Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327.
  • Gilbert, P., & Allan, S. (1994). Assertiveness, submissive behaviour and social comparison. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(3), 295-306.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2010). Benlik, aile ve insan gelişimi: Kültürel psikoloji. İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 865-878.
  • Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000). Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognition & Emotion, 14(1), 93-124.
  • Kraaij, V., Arensman, E., Garnefski, N., & Kremers, I. (2007). The role of cognitive coping. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(12), 1603-1612.
  • Kraaij, V., Garnefski N., & Vlietstra A. (2008). Cognitive coping and depressive symptoms in definitive infertility: a prospective study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 29(1), 9-16.
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
  • Masters, J.C. (1991). Strategies and mechanisms for the personal and social control of emotion. In J. G arber & K.A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 182-207). Cambridge, U K: Cambridge University Press.
  • McGee, R., Wolfe, D., & Olson, J. (2001). Multiple maltreatment, attribution of blame, and adjustment among adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 827–846.
  • Megreya, A. M., Latzman, R. D., Al-Attiyah, A. A., & Alrashidi, M. (2016). The Robustness of the Nine- Factor Structure of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire across Four Arabic-Speaking Middle Eastern Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(6), 875-890.
  • Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2004). Self-conscious emotions as dynamic cultural processes. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 161-166.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • Onat, O. & Otrar, M. (2010). Bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 31, 123-143.
  • Park, I. J. K., & Kim, P.Y. (2012). The Role of self-construals in the link between anger regulation and externalizing problems in Korean American adolescents: Testing a moderated mediation model. Journal of Clınıcal Psychology, 68(12), 1339–1359.
  • Parrott, W.G. (2001). Emotions in social psychology: Volume Overview. In W.G. Parrott (Ed.), Emotions in social psychology (pp.1-19). PA: Psychology Press.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
  • Sakakibara, R., & Endo, T. (2016). Cognitive Appraisal as a Predictor of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Choice. Japanese Psychological Research, 58(2), 175-185.
  • Schroevers, M., Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2007). Goal disturbance, cognitive coping strategies, and psychological adjustment to different types of stressful life event. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(2), 413-423.
  • Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., Radu, P., Blechert, J., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation choice: a conceptual framework and supporting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 163-181.
  • Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580–591.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1991). Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
  • Trommsdorff, G., & Rothbaum, F. (2008). Development of emotion regulation in cultural context. In M. Vandekerckhove, C. von Scheve, S. Ismer, S. Jung & S. Kronast (Eds.), Regulating emotions: Culture, social necessity, and biological ınheritance (pp. 85 120). Malden, MA: Blackwell
  • Wood, J. V., Giordano-Beech, M., Taylor, K. L., Michela, J. L., & Gaus, V. (1994). Strategies of social comparison among people with low self-esteem: self-protection and self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 713-731.
  • Zampetakis, L. A., Kafetsios, K., Lerakis, M., & Moustakis, V. S. (2017). An Emotional Experience of Entrepreneurship: Self-Construal, Emotion Regulation, and Expressions to Anticipatory Emotions. Journal of Career Development, 44(2), 144-158.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oya Onat Kocabıyık

Hilal Çelik This is me

Şahin Dündar This is me

Publication Date January 6, 2017
Acceptance Date January 3, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 45 Issue: 45

Cite

APA Onat Kocabıyık, O., Çelik, H., & Dündar, Ş. (2017). Genç yetişkinlerin bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzlarının ilişkisel bağımlı benlik kurgusu ve cinsiyet açısından incelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 45(45), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.279969