THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPATIAL CHANGE OF AVLAN LAKE AND SURROUNDING CLIMATE

Year 2016, Issue: 34, 300 - 311, 29.10.2016

GÜLŞEN Kum , MEHMET EMİN Sönmez

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between the spatial change of Avlan Lake, which is situated around Antalya in Mediterranean Region, and climate. The lake in the study was dried up in 1980. As a result, the people living nearby as well as environmentalist organizations reported serious climatic changes in the vicinity. Also it was reported that natural and cultural plants in the local area were affected negatively. After that, the water was released into the lake in 2001 and thus it regained its status before 1980. The sample of Avlan Lake set forth a geographical perspective for the effect of lake areas on surrounding climate. In this study, in order to identify the relationships between drying up of the lake area and climate, meteorological data of three different periods were examined. Those periods were before 1980, between 1980 and 2001, and after 2001. The period before 1980 covers the time when the lake was there. The years between 1980 and 2001 covers the period when the lake was dry. Lastly, the period after 2001 follows refilling of the lake up to date. Landsat satellite images were used to reveal spatial shrinking of the lake zone. For analyzing climatic data, Mann-Kendal Test, Sen’s Slope Estimate and Sezer’s (1990) Continentality Indices were used. In the analysis, no direct relationship was found between drying up of Avlan Lake and the climate. Hence, balancing role played by the lake in its environment rather than the climate itself can account for the changes taking place in and around the lake. This finding suggests that water bodies in any area might cause many ecological problems though not related with climate.

Keywords: Avlan Lake, climate change, Sen’s Slope Estimate, Mann-Kendal Rank Correlation Test, ekoloji, Sezer’s continentality indices

Keywords

Avlan Gölü, iklim değişikliği, Sen'in eğilim testi, Mann-Kendal sıra korelasyon testi, ecology, Sezer'in karasallık testi

References

• Abbaspour, M, Javid A.H, Mirbagheri S. A., Ahmadi, G.F. & Moghimi, P. (2012). Investigation of lake drying attributed to climate change. International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, 9, 257–266.
• Adrian, R., O'Reilly, C.M., Zagarese, H., Baines S.B., Hessen, D.O. & Keller, W. (2009). Lakes as sentinels of climate change. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(6), 2283–2297.
• Atalay, İ. (2010). Uygulamalı Klimatoloji. İzmir: Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri.
• Başaran, M.A., Başaran, S., Baş, N., Kaçar, S., Tolunay, D., Makineci, E., Kavgacı, A. & Deniz, İ. G. (2008). Elmalı Sedir Araştırma Ormanında Aktüel Durumun Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Tabanlı Sayısal Haritalarla Ortaya Konulması. Antalya: Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayını.
• Carpenter, S.R. (2007). Others understanding regional change, a comparison of two lake districts. Bioscience, 57, 323–335.
• Cordeiro, N.J. & Howe, H.F. (2003). Forest fragmentation severs mutualism between seed dispersers and an endemic African tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(24),14052–14056.
• Correia, M.E., Da Silva Dias, M.A. & Da Sılva Aragao M.R. (2006). Soil occupation and atmospheric variations over sobradinho lake area, part two: a regional modeling study. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 94(1), 115-128.
• Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı. (2006). Avlan Gölü’ndeki Çevre Sorunlarına İlişkin 7/11531 Esas Sayılı Yazılı Soru Önergesi Hakkında Rapor.
• Degu, A., Hossain, F., Niyogi, D., Pielke, Sr. R., Shepherd, J., Voisin, N. & Chronis, T. (2011). The influence of large dams on surrounding climate and precipitation patterns. Geophysical Researrch Letters, 38, 1-7.
• Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, (2014). 11 Aralık 2014 tarihinde www2.dsi.gov.tr: http://www2.dsi.gov.tr/bolge/dsi13/antalya.htm adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Erinç, S. (2001). Jeomorfoloji II. İstanbul: DER Yayınları.
• Erinç, S. (1957). Tatbiki Klimatoloji ve Türkiye'nin İklim Şartları. İstanbul: İ.T.Ü. Hidrojeoloji Enstitüsü Yayınları.
• Erkan, N., Touchan, R. & Baş, N. (2004). Dendrokronolojik Yöntemle Güneybatı Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Geçmişte Yaşanmış İlkbahar Kuraklık Periyotlarının Tespiti. Antalya: Dendrokronolojik Yöntemle Batı Akdeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü Yayını.
• Erwin, K.L. (2009). Wetlands and global climate change: the role of wetland restoration in a changing world. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 17, 71-84.
• Huryna, H., Brom, J. & Pokorny, J. (2014). The importance of wetlands in the energy balance of an agricultural landscape. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 22, 363-381.
• Jones, R.N., McMahon, T.A. & Bowler, J.M. (2001). Modelling historical lake levels and recent climate change at three closed lakes, Westwrn Victoria, Australia (c.1840-1990). Journal of Hidrology, 246, 159-180.
• Kantarcı, M.D. (2008). Isınma-kuraklaşma sürecinin göller bölgesindeki dururmu ve etkileri üzerine ekolojik bir değerlendirme. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 1-34.
• Koç, T. (2001). Kuzeybatı Anadolu'da İklim ve Ortam (Sinoptik, İstatistik ve Uygulama Boyutlarıyla). İstanbul: Çantay Kitabevi.
• Macdonald, S.E., Eaton, B., Machtans, C.S., Paszkowski, C., Hannon, S. & Boutin, S. (2006). Is forest close to lakes ecologically unique? Analysis of vegetation, small mammals, amphibians, and songbirds. Forest Ecology and Management, 223, 1-17.
• Miller, N.L., Jin, J. & Tsang, C.F. (2005). Local climate sensitivity of the Three Gorges Dam. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, 1-4.
• Oğurlu, İ. & Avcı, M. (1999). Bir don çukuru üzerine araştirmalar. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(5), 1231-1235.
• Pham, S.V., Leavitt, P.R., McGowan S. & Peres-Nato, P. (2008). Spatial variability of climate and land-use effects on lakes of the Northern Great Plains. Limnology and Oceanography, 53, 728–742.
• Sezer, L.İ. (1990). Türkiye'de yillik sicaklik farkinin dağilişi ve kontinentalite derecesi üzerine yeni bir formül. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 5, 110-159.
• Şekercioğlu, Ç.H., Daily, G.C. & Ehrlich, P.R. (2004). Ecosystem consequences of bird declines, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,101(52), 18042-18047.
• Tonbul, S. (1990). Elazığ ve çevresinin iklim özellikleri ve keban barajinin yöre iklimi üzerine olan etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Coğrafya Sempozyumu. Elazığ: Fırat Havzası Araştırma Merkezi.
• Williamson, C.E., Dodds, W., Kratz, T.K. & Palmer, M. (2008). Lakes and streams as sentinels of environmental change in terrestrial and atmospheric processes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, 247–254.
• Winter, T.C. (1999). Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems. Hydrogeology Journal, 7, 28-45.
• Yan, D., Schneider, U.A., Schmid, E., Huang, H.Q., Pan, L. & Dilly, O. (2013). Interactions between land use change, regional development, and climate change in the Poyang Lake district from 1985 to 2035. Agricultural Systems, 119, 10–21.