Endogenous maternal serum preimplantation factor levels in earlyonset preeclamptic pregnancies

Year 2023, , 203 - 209, 31.05.2023

Muhammet Atay Ozten Ece Karaca

https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1229910

Abstract

Objective: Preimplantation-factor (PIF) is a new peptide with many potential functions. We aimed to compare the maternal serum PIF levels among early-onset preeclamptic patients with the healthy controls at the same gestational age.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-nine early-onset preeclamptic (< 34 gestational weeks) patients and 45 healthy expecting women have been added to our study. Patients with or suspicion of any chronical maternal disease, gestational diabetes, twin pregnancies, fetal or placental anomalies or any other obstetric complications have been excluded. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Texas, USA) has been used to analyze the PIF levels in the collected samples. Gestational age, maternal age, gravida, parity, fetal growth, body mass index (BMI), maternal weight and height, plasma PIF levels have been collected/measured and analyzed in both groups.
Results: The primary outcome of our study –the Preimplantation Factor- was significantly higher in study group than the healthy controls (100.36 ± 41.92 vs. 83.14 ± 51.27 p=0.016).
Conclusions: We have found the PF levels statistically higher in the study group. PIF levels might have a role in the progression and pathogenesis of the preeclamptic patients. Further studies with larger groups have to be planned and performed to resolve the real relation between PIF and preeclampsia.

Keywords

Preimplantation Factor, Preeclampsia, Maternal Serum

References

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists'. Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:1122-31.doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000437382.03963.88.
• Gathiram P, Moodley J. Pre-eclampsia: its pathogenesis and pathophysiolgy: review articles. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016;27:71-8. doi: 10.5830/CVJA-2016-009.
• Duzyj C M, Barnea Eytan R, Min L, et al. Preimplantation factor promotes first trimester trophoblast invasion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203: 402. e1-402. e4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.060.
• Roussev R G, Barnea Eytan R, Thomason E J, Coulam Carolyn B. A novel bioassay for detection of preimplantation factor (PIF). Am J Reprod Immunol 1995;33:68-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1995.tb01140.x.
• Goodale L F, Hayrabedran S, Todorova K, et al. PreImplantation factor (PIF) protects cultured embryos against oxidative stress: relevance for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) therapy. Oncotarget 2017;8:32419. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.16028.
• Sbracia M, McKinnon B, Scarpellini F, et al. PreImplantation Factor in endometriosis: A potential role in inducing immune privilege for ectopic endometrium. PLoS One 2017;12(9):e0184399. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184399.
• Barnea E R, Vialard F, Moindjie H, et al. PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) endogenously prevents preeclampsia: Promotes trophoblast invasion and reduces oxidative stress. J Reprod Immunol 2016;114:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.06.002.
• Paidas M J, Krikun G, Huang S J, et al. A genomic and proteomic investigation of the impact of preimplantation factor on human decidual cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;202:459e1-459e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.024.
• Zare F, Seifati S M, Dehghan Manshadi M, Fesahat F. Preimplantation factor (PIF): a peptide with various functions. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:214. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20190082.
• Müller M, Schoeberlein A, Zhou J, et al. PreImplantation factor bolsters neuroprotection via modulating protein kinase A and protein kinase C signaling. Cell Death Differ 2015;22:2078-86. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2015.55.
• Barnea E R, Lubman D M, Liu Y H, et al. Insight into PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) mechanism for embryo protection and development: target oxidative stress and protein misfolding (PDI and HSP) through essential RIPK binding site. PLoS One 2014;9: e100263. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100263.
• Barnea E R, Stamatkin C, Ramu S, et al. Preimplantation factor (* PIF) detection in maternal circulation in early pregnancy correlates with live birth (Bovine model). J Reprod Immunol 2014;100:39. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-105.
• Moindjie H, Vialard F, Barnea E R, et al. Preimplantation factor (PIF) promotes human trophoblast invasion. Biol Reprod 2014;91:118,1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.06.002.
• Santos E D, Moindjie H, Sérazin V, et al. Preimplantation factor modulates trophoblastic invasion throughout the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021;19:1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00774-5.
• Erez O, Romero R, Jung E, et al. Preeclampsia and eclampsia: the conceptual evolution of a syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S786-S803. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.001.
• Robillard P Y, Dekker G, Scioscia M, Shigeru Saito M D. Progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of immunologic maladaptation related to early-onset preeclampsia and metabolic syndrome related to late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;226:S867-S875. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.019.
• Nuttall F Q. Body mass index: obesity, BMI, and health: a critical review. Nutr Today 2015;50:117. doi: 10.1097/NT.0000000000000092.
• Wheeler S M, Myers S O, Swamy G K, et al. Estimated prevalence of risk factors for preeclampsia among individuals giving birth in the US in 2019. JAMA Network Open 2022;5:e2142343-e2142343. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42343.
• Akgun N, Keskin H L, Ustuner I, Pekcan G, Avsar A F. Factors affecting pregnancy weight gain and relationships with maternal/fetal outcomes in Turkey. Saudi Med J 2017;38:503. doi: 10.15537/smj.2017.5.19378.
• Hillesund E R, Seland S, Bere E, et al. Preeclampsia and gestational weight gain in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery trial. BMC Res 2018;11:1-6. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3396-4.
• Krantz D A, Hallahan T W, Carmichael J B. Screening for open neural tube defects. Clin Lab Med 2016;36:401-406. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2016.01.004.
• Zozzaro Smith P, Gray L M, Bacak S J, Thornburg L L. Limitations of aneuploidy and anomaly detection in the obese patient. J Clin Med 2014; 3:795-808. doi: 10.3390/jcm3030795
• Black K D, Horowitz J A. Inflammatory markers and preeclampsia: a systematic review. Nurs Res 2018;67:242-251. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000285.
• Di Simone N, Di Nicuolo F, Marana R, et al. Synthetic preImplantation factor (PIF) prevents fetal loss by modulating LPS induced inflammatory response. PLoS One 2017;12:e0180642. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180642.
• Moindjie H, Santos E D, Gouesse R J, et al. Preimplantation factor is an anti-apoptotic effector in human trophoblasts involving p53 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2016;7: e2504-e2504. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.382.
• Bredaki F, Sciorio C, Wright A, Wright D, Nicolaides K H. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;46:34-41. doi: 10.1002/uog.14809.
• Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel S R. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane database of 2017; - cochranelibrary.com doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub3.
• Braun T, Husar A, Challis J R G, et al. Growth restricting effects of a single course of antenatal betamethasone treatment and the role of human placental lactogen. Placenta 2013;34:407-15. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.02.002.
• Ballard P, Gluckman P, Liggins G, Kaplan Selna L, Melvin M Grumbach. Steroid and growth hormone levels in premature infants after prenatal betamethasone therapy to prevent respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Res 1980;14:122-7. doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198002000-00011.