Apocynin exhibits an ameliorative effect on endothelial dysfunction/ atherosclerosis-related factors in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 238 - 247, 31.05.2024

Nurdan Bülbül Aycı , Büşra Ertaş , Rumeysa Keles Kaya Sevgi Kocyigit Sevinc Gökçe Güllü Amuran , Feriha Ercan , Göksel Şener , Oya Orun , Mustafa Akkiprik , Sule Cetinel

https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.1479796

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of apocynin (APO) on the factors involved in obesity-related endothelial
dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis (AS).
Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were divided into control (CNT), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+APO groups. HFD
and HFD+APO groups were fed HFD for sixteen weeks. APO (25 mg/kg) was administered to the HFD+APO group for the last four
weeks. The effects of APO on: AS-related metabolic parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,
insulin and leptin), oxidative stress (OS), [ malondialdehyde, glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-
oxidase-2, oxidised-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine], low-density lipoprotein and ox-LDL uptake
potential (activin receptor-like kinase-1 and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, respectively), tissue inflammation
(myeloperoxidase, monocyte-chemoattractant-protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), ED (endothelial-nitric oxide synthase,
inducible-nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide), programmed cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-dUTP-nick-end
labeling, cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase, gasdermin-D N-terminal fragment, caspase-1), smooth muscle cell transformation
(alpha-smooth muscle actin), histology and ultrastructure of thoracic aorta were evaluated.
Results: In obesity, APO had an ameliorative effect on metabolic parameters, OS, inflammation, ED, programmed cell death and ox-
LDL uptake potential, but not on foam cell formation and LDL uptake potential.
Conclusion: Apocynin may improve ED and AS in obesity by suppressing OS-linked factors involved in the early stage of AS.

Keywords

Apocynin, Atherosclerosis, Endothelial dysfunction, Oxidative stress, Obesity, High-fat diet

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