THE RISING POPULIST THREAT: THE SHADOW OF FASCISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTRUY

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 56, 879 - 909, 31.07.2021

Can Donduran , Ahmet Gedik

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.827835

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Today, the shadow of fascism becomes more evident in the rapid spread of populist political movements in different regions, especially in Europe. Within the framework of the contextual analysis method, shored up by the incorporated comparison, this article aims at highlighting the danger that humanity faces by revealing the commonalities between contemporary populism and its fascist ancestors. While the external conditions, such as economic problems, social resentment, and political despair underscores the similarities that set the ground for the emergence of fascist and populist regimes in different eras, tendencies, such as anti-elitism, majoritarianism, revisionism, and anti-democracy draw attention to their shared practices and methods, uncovering the direct link between them. Analyzing the looming two-dimensional danger resulted from the proliferation of populist governments necessarily entails the examination of the substantial ramifications of their fascist predecessors on both national and international scales. This study, carried out from a comparative perspective, deals with the threat faced by liberal democracy and the liberal international order through historical phenomena. In the twenty-first century, fascism is resurrected in the guise of populism nurtured by right-wing tendencies and continues to attack and undermine the same targets with the same determination it once had. Overlooking this fact would mean repeating the same mistakes and ultimately lead to similar consequences.

Keywords

Democracy, Fascism, Liberal International Order, Populism

YÜKSELEN POPÜLİZM TEHDİDİ: YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYILDA FAŞİZMİN GÖLGESİ

Abstract

Günümüzde faşizmin gölgesi, başta Avrupa olmak üzere farklı bölgelerde hızla yayılmakta olan popülist hareketler aracılığıyla gittikçe belirginleşmektedir. Bu makale, birleştirilmiş karşılaştırma ile desteklenen bağlamsal siyasi analiz yöntemiyle günümüz popülizmi ile faşist ataları arasındaki ortaklıkları ortaya koyarak, insanlığın karşı karşıya olduğu tehlikeyi vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ekonomik sorunlar, toplumsal memnuniyetsizlik ve umutsuzluk gibi çevresel koşullar faşist ve popülist rejimlerin farklı zamanlarda içerisine doğdukları çevrelerdeki benzerliklere işaret ederken, elitizm karşıtlığı, çoğunlukçuluk, revizyonizm ve demokrasi karşıtlığı gibi eğilimler, bu yönetimlerin genel uygulama ve yöntemlerindeki ortaklıkları vurgular, bu hareketler arasındaki doğrudan bağı tarihsel bir düzleme yerleştirir. Popülist yönetimlerin güçlenerek çoğalmasıyla yaklaşan iki boyutlu tehlikeyi analiz edebilmek de ancak geçmişteki faşist öncüllerinin ulusal ve uluslararası ölçekte yarattığı derin etkileri incelemekle mümkündür. Karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, bugün liberal demokrasinin ve liberal uluslararası sistemin yüz yüze geldiği tehdidi, geçmişte karşılaşılan olay ve olgular üzerinden incelemektedir. Yirmi birinci yüzyılda faşizm, aşırı sağ eğilimlerden beslenen popülizm kılığında tekrar dünyaya gelmiştir ve yüz yıl önceki hedeflerine aynı kararlılıkla saldırmaya devam etmektedir. Bu gerçeğin gözden kaçması, aynı hataların tekrarlanması anlamına gelecek ve benzer sonuçların doğmasına yol açacaktır.

Keywords

Demokrasi, Faşizm, Liberal Uluslararası Düzen, Popülizm

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