İnsan Kemiklerinin Analizi ve Adli Antropoloji’de Kimliklendirmede Önemi

Year 2017, Volume: 11 Issue: 17, 1 - 13, 01.11.2017

Deren Çeker

Abstract

Antropoloji, insanı geçmişi ve şimdiki haliyle araştırır ve inceler. Antropologlar, bizi primat takımı içerisindeki diğer türlerden ayıran biyolojik ve fiziksel özellikleri inceleyerek insan evrimine ışık tutmaya çalışırlar. Sosyal ve Kültürel Antropoloji, Fizik veya Biyolojik Antropoloji, Paleoantropoloji ve Linguistik Antropoloji, antropolojinin alt dallarıdır. Fizik antropolojinin özel bir alt dalı olan Adli Antropoloji, kriminal vakalarda hayatını kaybetmiş kişilerin iskeletlerinden yaş, cinsiyet, boy, medikal geçmiş, ölüm şekli tayini ve kimliklendirilmesi amacıyla fizik antropolojinin teknik ve metotlarını kullanır. Bu makale, adli antropolojinin genel ilkelerinden, bilim olarak kullanım alanı ve gerekliliğinden, ve adli bilimlere sağladığı katkılardan bahsetmektedir

Keywords

Antropoloji, Adli Antropoloji, Adli Bilimler, Kemik Analizi, İskeletlerden Kimliklendirme

Analysis of Human Bones and Its Importance For Human Identification in Forensic Anthropology

Abstract

Anthropology is the study of humans, concerning its past and present. Anthropologists study human evolution in order to understand the biological and physical features that seperate us from the other species in primates group. The study of anthropology as science includes subfields such as, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Physical or Biological Anthropology, Paleoanthropology and Linguistic Anthropology. As a special sub-field of physical anthropology, forensic anthropology applies the techniques and methods of pysical anthropology to the human skeletons in order to determine the age, sex, stature, medical history and cause of death of deceased persons in criminal events. This paper mentiones the general principles of forensic anthropolgy, the necessity as science and its contributions to the forensic sciences.

Keywords

Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Sciences, Bone Analysis, Human Identification

References

• Alonso vd. 2001: Alonso, A., Anđelinovic, S., Martín, P., Sutlović, D., Erceg, I., Huffine, E., Fernández de Simón, F., Albarrán, C., Definis-Gojanović, M., FernándezRodriguez, A., García, P., Drmić, I., Režić, B., Kuret, S., Sancho, M., Primorac, D., “DNA typing from skeletal remains: evaluation of multiplex and megaplex STR systems on DNA isolated from bone and teeth samples”, Croatian Medical Journal 42.3, 2001, 206-266.
• Alunni Perret vd. 2005: Alunni Perret, V., Muller Bolla, M., Laugier, J., Lupi-Pègurier, L., Bertrand, M., Straccini, P., Bolla, M., Quatrehomme, G., “Scanning electron microscopy analysis of experimental bone hacking truma”, Journal of Forensic Science 50.4, 2005, 796-801.
• Andelinovic vd. 2005: Anđelinovic, S., Sutlović, D., Ivkošić, I. E., Škaro, V., Ivkošić, A., Paić, F., Režić, B., Definis- Gojanović, M., Primorac, D, “Twelve-year experience in identification of skeletal remains from mass graves”, Croatian Medical Journal 46, 530-539.
• Baraybar-Kimmerle 2008: Baraybar, P. J., Kimmerle E. H., Skeletal Trauma: Identification of Injuries Resulting from Human Rights Abuse And Armed Conflict, Boca Raton (Florida), 2008.
• Berryman-Lanfear 2012: Berryman, H. E., Lanfear, A. K., “Forensic Anthropologists in Medical Examiner’s and Coroner’s Offices: A History”, A Companion to Forensic Anthropology, Ed. D. Dirkmaat, West Sussex, 534-548.
• Blau vd. 2006: Blau, S., Hill, A., Briggs, A. C., Cordner, M. S, “Missing Persons–Missing Data: The Need to Collect Antemortem Dental Records of Missing Persons”, Journal of Forensic Sciences 51.2, 2006, 386-389.
• Christensen vd. 2014: Christensen A. M., Passalacqua V. N., Bartelin J. E., Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 2014.
• Çeker 2014: Çeker, D., “Adli Antropolojide Perimortem ve Postmortem Kırıkların Ayırımı ve Travma Analizlerindeki Önemi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Antropoloji Dergisi 27, 2014, 47-64.
• Çeker 2016: Çeker, D., “Olay Yeri ve İnceleme Çalışmalarında Adli Arkeolog ve Adli Antropologların Rolü: Kuzey Kıbrıs ve Türkiye’deki Güncel Durum”, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Antropoloji Dergisi 32, 2016, 13-21.
• Mundorff vd. 2008: Mundorff, A. Z., Shaler, R. C., Bieschke, E., Mar-Cash, E., “Marrying anthropology and DNA: Essential for solving complex commingling problems in cases of extreme fragmentation”, Recovery, analysis and identification of commingled human remains, Ed. B. J. Adams, J. E. Byrd, Totowa, 2008, 285-300.
• Rainwater vd. 2012: Rainwater C. W., Crowder, C., Hartnett, K. M., Fridie, J. S., Figura, B. J., Godbold, J., Warnasch, S. C., Adams, B. J., “Forensic Anthropology at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner”, A Companion to Forensic Anthropology, Ed. D. Dirkmaat, West Sussex, 549-566.
• Sauer 1998: Sauer, Norman J., “The Timing Of Injuries And The Manner Of Death: Distinguishing Among Antemortem, Perimortem and Postmortem Trauma”, Forensic Osteology, Ed. K. J. Reichs, Springfield (Illinois), 1998, 321-331.
• Silva vd. 2015: Silva R. F., Franco A, Souza J. B., Picoli F. F., Mendes S. D., Nunes F. G., “Human Identification Through the Analysis of Smile Photographs”, The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 36.2, 2015, 71-74.
• Taupin-Cwiklik 2010: Taupin M. J. Cwiklik C., Scientific Protocols for Forensic Examination of Clothing, Boca Raton (Florida), 2010.
• Ubelaker-Adams 1995: Ubelaker D. H. – Adams B. J., “Differentiation of Perimortem and Postmortem Trauma Using Taphonomic indicator”, Journal of Forensic Sciences 40, 1995, 509-512.
• Weiberg-Wescott 2008: Weiberg, D. A., Wescott, D. J., “Estimating the Timing of Long Bone Fractures: Correlation between the Postmortem Interval, Bone Moisture Content, and Blunt Force Trauma Characteristics”, Journal of Forensic Sciences 53.5, 2008, 1028-1034.
• Wheatly 2008: Wheatley, B. P., “Perimortem or Postmortem Fractures? An Experimental Study of Fracture Patterns in Deer Femora”, Journal of Forensic Sciences 53.1, 2008, 69-72.
• Uzantı 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkman%E2%80%93Webster_murder_case
• Uzantı 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_facial_reconstruction
• Uzantı 3: https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/topic/file_plus_list/4154- forensic_identification_of_human_remains.pdf
• Uzantı 4: http://www.academia.dk/BiologiskAntropologi/PDF/SCtA-0028_Lo-Res.pdf