Determining the Relative Efficiency of Container Terminals in Turkey Using Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 102 - 113, 31.12.2020

Ercan Yüksekyıldız , Ahmet Lutfi Tunçel

https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.711452

Cited By: 4

Abstract

In this study, fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) was conducted to determine the relative efficiency of the container terminals operating in Turkey. For this purpose, the data from the container terminals were converted into fuzzy values using the “set of α cuts approach” and the upper and lower limit values for each terminal were determined. The lower and upper limit efficiency values were calculated using the input-oriented CCR-FDEA method. The minimax regret approach was used to sort and compare the relative efficiency of terminals. According to the resulting efficiency scores, one container terminal was effective at all α cutting levels. It was calculated that the four container terminals had the lowest values at all α cutting levels regarding the maximum efficiency loss values of other container terminals.

Keywords

Container terminals, Efficiency analysis, Fuzzy data envelopment analysis, Minimax regret approach

References

• Acer, A. & Timor, M. (2017). The evaluation of Turkish container terminal efficiency using by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The Journal of Operations Research, Statistics, Econometrics and Management Information Systems, 5(2): 339-352. https://doi.org/10.17093/ alphanumeric.356455
• Akgül, E. F., Fışkın, S. F., Düzalan, B., Erdoğan, T. & Çetin, K. Ç. (2015). Liman rekabetçiliği ve etkinlik: Türkiye’deki konteyner limanları üzerine bir analiz. 2. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, İzmir, Turkey, 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18872/DEU.b.ULK.2015.0045.pdf
• Aladağ, Z., Alkan, A., Güler, E. & Özdin, Y. (2018). Performance evaluation of academic units with data envelopment analysis and promethee methods: A sample of Kocaeli University. Erciyes University Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 34(1): 1-13.
• Al-Eraqi, A. S., Mustafa, A., Khader, A. T. & Barros, C. P. (2008). Efficiency of Middle Eastern and east African seaports: Application of DEA using window analysis. European Journal of Scientific Research, 23(4): 597-612.
• Al-Mawsheki, E. S. A. (2017). Efficiency analysis of container ports in the Middle Eastern region. Ph.D. Thesis. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
• Ashar, A. (1997). Counting the moves. Port Development International, 13: 25-29.
• Ateş, A. & Esmer, S. (2013). Effects of the 2009 global economic crisis on the Turkish container terminals. Journal of Turkish Court of Accounts/Sayistay Dergisi, 91: 105-125.
• Ateş, A. (2010). Efficiency Analysis of Container Terminals at Turkey. Ph.D. Thesis. Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
• Ateş, A. & Esmer, S. (2011). DEA with efficiency analysis of Turkey container terminals. 12th International Symposium on Econometrics Statistics and Operations Research, Denizli, Turkey, pp. 29-38.
• Ateş, A., Esmer, S. & Şahin, T. (2013) VZA malmquist toplam faktör verimlilik ölçüsü: Karadeniz konteyner terminalleri uygulaması. I. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, İzmir, Turkey, pp. 407-428.
• Ateş, A. & Esmer, S. (2014). Calculation of container ports efficiency in Turkey with different methods. Verimlilik Dergisi, 1: 61-76.
• Banker, R. D., Charnes, A. & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 30(9): 1078-1092. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.30.9. 1078
• Barros, C. P. (2003). The measurement of efficiency of Portuguese sea port authorities with DEA. International Journal of Transport Economics, 30(3): 335-354.
• Barros, C. P. & Athanassiou, M. (2004). Efficiency in European seaports with DEA: evidence from Greece and Portugal. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 6(2): 122-140.
• Baysal, M. E., Uygur, M. & Toklu, B. (2004). A study of the relative efficiency of TCDD ports, using data envelopment analysis. Journal of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 19(4): 437-442.
• Bayar, S. (2005). Measuring of seaport's efficiency by using data envelopment analysis; an example from Turkish seaports. Master Thesis. İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Bendall, H. B., & Stent, A. F. (1987). On measuring cargo handling productivity. Maritime Policy and Management, 14(4): 337-343.
• Bichou, K. (2013). An empirical study of the impacts of operating and market conditions on container-port efficiency and benchmarking. Research in Transportation Economics, 42(1): 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2012.11.009
• Boussofiane, A., Dyson, R. G. & Thanassoulis, E. (1991). Applied data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 52(1): 1-15.
• Bray, S., Caggiani, L. Dell’Orco, M. & Ottomanelli, M. (2014). Measuring transport systems efficiency under uncertainty by fuzzy sets theory-based data envelopment analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 111: 770-779.
• Bray, S., Caggiani, L. & Ottomanelli, M. (2015). Measuring transport systems efficiency under uncertainty by fuzzy sets theory-based data envelopment analysis: theoretical and practical comparison with traditional DEA model. Transportation Research Procedia, 5: 186-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.01.005
• Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6): 429-444.
• Chen, S. H. (2007). Evaluating the operation performance of international container ports in Asia with fuzzy multiple objective DEA. Master Thesis. National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan.
• Çağlar, V. (2012). Efficiency and productivity analysis in Turkish private ports. Ph.D. Thesis. Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
• De Monie, G. (1987). Measuring and evaluating port performance and productivity, UNTAD monograph on port management no. 6 and the international association of ports and harbour (IAPH).
• Dinc, M. & Haynes, K. E. (1999). Sources of regional inefficiency an integrated shift-share, data envelopment analysis and input-output approach. The Annals of Regional Science, 33(4): 469-489. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s001680050116
• Ebrahimi, B., Tavana, M., Rahmani, M. & Santos-Arteaga, F. J. (2018). Efficiency measurement in data envelopment analysis in the presence of ordinal and interval data. Neural Computing and Applications, 30(6): 1971-1982.
• Emrouznejad, A., Parker, B. R. & Tavares, G. (2008). Evaluation of research in efficiency and productivity: a survey and analysis of the first 30 years of scholarly literature in DEA. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 42(3): 151-157.
• Esmer, S. (2009). Optimization of Logistics Processes at the Container Terminals and a Simulation Model. Ph.D. Thesis. Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
• Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 120(3): pp. 253-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/ 2343100
• Güner, S., Coşkun, E. & Taşkın, K. (2014). The impact of port privatization on the operational efficiency: a longitudinal study on Turkish ports. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 43(2): 218-236.
• Güneş, T. (2006). Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis. Master Thesis. Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Gokcek, V. & Şenol, Y. E. (2018). Efficiency analysis of Mediterranean container ports. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 6(2): 129-140. https://doi.org/10.5505 /jems.2018.86648
• Göktolga, Z. & Artut, A. (2014). Efficiency measurement of faculties of economics and administrative sciences via fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 15(1): 55-75.
• Hatami-Marbini, A., Emrouznejad, A. & Tavana, M. (2011). A taxonomy and review of the fuzzy data envelopment analysis literature: Two decades in the making. European Journal of Operational Research, 214(3): 457-472.
• Itoh, H. (2002). Efficiency changes at major container ports in Japan: A window application of data envelopment analysis. Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 14(2): 133-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-940X.00052
• Keskin, M. H. (2011). Kavramlar, Prensipler, Uygulamalar Lojistik El Kitabı & Küresel Tedarik Zinciri Pratikler. 1st ed. Ankara, Turkey: Gazi Press. 722p.
• Kim, M. & Sachish, A. (1986). The structure of production, technical change and productivity in a port. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 35(2): 209-223.
• Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P. & Malhotra, M. K. (2015). Operations Management: Processes and Supply Chains. 12nd ed. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. 672p.
• Kök, R. (1991). Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Sugar Industry in Turkey. Erzurum, Turkey: Atatürk University Press. 285p.
• Martinez-Budria, E., Diaz-Armas, R., Navarro-Ibanez, M. & Ravelo-Mesa, T. A. (1999). A study of the efficiency of Spanish port authorities using data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Transport Economics, 26(2): 237-253.
• Neufville, R. D. & Tsunokawa, K. (1981). Productivity and returns to scale of container ports. Maritime Policy and Management, 8(2): 121-129.
• Oğuz, C. (2018). Karadeniz ve Marmara bölgelerinde uluslararası hat taşımacılığı yapılan konteyner limanlarındaki ortalama konteyner hareket tamamlama sürelerinin karşılaştırması ve maliyet analizi. Maritime Expertise Thesis. General Directorate of Maritime Trade, Ankara, Turkey. 133p.
• Poitras, G., Tongzon, J. & Li, H. (1996). Measuring port efficiency: An application of data envelopment analysis. Working paper. Singapore: Department of Economics and Statistics, National University of Singapore. 18p.
• Rajasekar, T. & Deo, M. (2014). Does size influence the operational efficiency of the major ports of India? -A study. IUP Journal of Operations Management, 13(1): 20.
• Roll, Y. & Hayuth, Y. (1993). Port performance comparison applying data envelopment analysis (DEA). Maritime Policy and Management, 20(2): 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839300000025
• Schøyen, H. & Odeck, J. (2013). The technical efficiency of Norwegian container ports: A comparison to some Nordic and UK container ports using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Maritime Economics & Logistics, 15(2): 197-221.
• Şenol, O., Metin, A. & Korucu, K. S. (2019). Comparison of countries with death indicators: Data envelopment analysis. Journal of Süleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 2(33): 82-103.
• Tabernacle, J. B. (1995). A study of the changes in performance of quayside container cranes. Maritime Policy and Management, 22(2): 115-124.
• Talley, W. K. (1988). The role of US ocean ports in promoting an efficient ocean transportation system. Maritime Policy and Management, 15(2): 147-155.
• Tangen, S. (2005). Demystifying productivity and performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54(1): 34-46.
• Tongzon, J. L. (1995). Determinants of port performance and efficiency. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 29(3): 245-252.
• Tongzon, J. (2001). Efficiency measurement of selected Australian and other international ports using data envelopment analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(2): 107-122. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00049-X
• Turner, H., Windle, R. & Dresner, M. (2004). North American container port productivity: 1984–1997. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 40(4): 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2003.06. 001
• UNCTAD (2018). United Nations conference on trade and development. The Review of Maritime Transport, UNCTAD/RMT/2018, New York and Geneva. 102p.
• Valentine, V. & Gray, R. (2001). The measurement of port efficiency using DEA. Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Transport Research, Vol. 22, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 27.
• Wang, T. F., Song, D. W. & Cullinane, K. (2003). Container port production efficiency: a comparative study of DEA and FDH approaches. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5(10): 698-713.
• Wang, Y. J., Meng, S. M. & Han, T. C. (2017). Measuring the efficiency of international container ports with fuzzy DEA. 13th ICNC, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Guilin, China, pp. 1339-1343.
• Wang, Y. J. & Han, T. C. (2018). Efficiency measurement for international container ports of Taiwan and surrounding areas by fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 26(2): 185-193.
• Wang, Y. M., Greatbanks, R. & Yang, J. B. (2005). Interval efficiency assessment using data envelopment analysis. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 153(3): 347-370.
• Yuen, A. C., Zhang, A. & Cheung, W. (2013). Foreign participation and competition: A way to improve the container port efficiency in China?. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49: 220-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2013.01.026
• Zengin, C. & Taşdöven, H. (2015). Emniyet hizmetlerinde verimlilik, etkililik ve performans: teorik ve pratik perspektifler. 1st ed. Ankara, Turkey: Nobel Akademik Press. 96p.
• Zimmermann, H. J. (2011). Fuzzy set theory—and its applications, 4th ed. LLC, New York, USA: Springer Science & Business Media. 541p.