Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Narsisizm ve Saldırganlık Düzeylerini Etkileyen Facebook Davranışlarının Chaid Analizi ile Belirlenmesi
Year 2022,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 348 - 369, 29.12.2022
Yavuz Koşan
,
Eylem Kılıç
Abstract
Öz
Narsisizm ve Saldırganlık birbiriyle yakından ilişkili kişilik özellikleridir. Narsisist ve saldırgan bireyler sosyal ağ sitesi Facebook’ta çeşitli davranışlar aracılığıyla bu özeliklerini sergileme eğilimindedirler. Bu nedenle bu iki kişilik özelliklerine sahip bireylerin Facebook’ta ne tür davranışları sergilediklerinin belirlenmesi narsisizm ve saldırganlığa yönelik müdahaleleri belirlemek ve geliştirmek için önemlidir. Bu amaçla, mevcut araştırmada narsisizm ve saldırganlık değişkenleri üzerinde etkili olabilecek Facebook davranışları incelenmiştir. Etkili olan değişkenlerin belirlenmesi için CHAID analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinde lisan eğitimine devam eden 616 (328 kız-290 erkek) katılımcı uygun örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Yapılan CHAID analizi sonucunda narsisizmi en iyi açıklayan değişkenin başarılarını Facebook’ta paylaşma değişkeni olduğu, saldırganlık davranışını en iyi açıklayan değişkenin ise kişisel destek arama değişkeni olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca başarılarını Facebook’ta paylaşma davranışını en iyi açıklayan değişkenin ise tanınmayan kişilere arkadaşlık isteği gönderme değişkeni olduğu belirlenmiştir
References
- Alpar, C. R. (2017). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th editio). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRP.2005.03.002
- Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2002). Internet and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00034-6
- Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1289–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2010.03.018
- Archer, J., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). An Integrated Review of Indirect, Relational, and Social Aggression. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1207/S15327957pspr0903_2, 9(3), 212–230. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0903_2
- Atay, S. (2009). Narsistik kişilik envanterinin Türkçe’ye standardizasyonu. Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 11(1), 181–196.
- Baran, B., & Kılıç, E. (2015). Applying the CHAID algorithm to analyze how achievement is influenced by university students’ demographics, study habits, and technology familiarity. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 18(2), 323–335.
- Barry, C. T., Chaplin, W. F., & Grafeman, S. J. (2006). Aggression following performance feedback: The influences of narcissism, feedback valence, and comparative standard. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2006.01.008
- Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103(1), 5–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5
- Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., & Bergman, J. Z. (2011). Millennials, narcissism, and social networking: What narcissists do on social networking sites and why. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 706–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.022
- Bibby, P. A. (2008). Dispositional factors in the use of social networking sites: Findings and implications for social computing research. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 5075 LNCS, 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69304-8_40/COVER
- Bogart, L. M., Benotsch, E. G., & Pavlovic, J. D. (2010). Feeling Superior but Threatened: The Relation of Narcissism to Social Comparison. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1207/S15324834basp2601_4, 26(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2601_4
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2007.00393.X
Budak, S. (2000). Psikoloji Sözlüğü. Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
- Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0146167208320061, 34(10), 1303–1314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208320061
- Burger, J. M. (2006). Kişilik (E. S. İnan Deniz, Ed.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
- Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened Egotism, Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and Direct and Displaced Aggression: Does Self-Love or Self-Hate Lead to Violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219
- Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R., & Stack, A. (1999). Catharsis, Aggression & Persuasive Influence, , 1999.pdf. Journal of Personality and Social Psychologyof Peersoality & Soc Psych, 76(3), 367–376.
- Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
- Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(4), 482–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2011.11.011
- Creswell, J. W. (2016). Araştırma Deseni Nitel Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımı (S. B. D. (s. 115-183) Içinde., Ed.). Eğitim kitap.
- Demirtas-Madran, H. A. (2012). Reliability and Validity Studies of Turkish Version of Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 24(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5080/u6859
- Diaz-Perez, F. M., & Bethencourt-Cejas, M. (2017). An Application of the CHAID Algorithm to Study the Environmental Impact of Visitors to the Teide National Park in Tenerife, Spain. International Business Research, 10(7), 168–177.
- Dixon, S. (2020). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 3rd quarter 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/
- Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low Self-Esteem Is Related to Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Delinquency. Psychological Science, 16(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x
- Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2001). Narcissism and motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 216–219.
- Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2007.00367.X
- Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 11–17). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
- Eşkisu, M., Çam, Z., Gelibolu, S., & Rasmussen, K. R. (2020). Trait Mindfulness as a Protective Factor in Connections between Psychological Issues and Facebook Addiction among Turkish University Students. Studia Psychologica, 62(3), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.31577/SP.2020.03.801
- Eşkisu, M., Hoşoğlu, R., & Rasmussen, K. (2017). An investigation of the relationship between Facebook usage, Big Five, self-esteem and narcissism. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2016.12.036
- Faucher, C., Jackson, M., & Cassidy, W. (2014). Cyberbullying among University Students: Gendered Experiences, Impacts, and Perspectives. Education Research International, 2014, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/698545
- Faucher, K. X. (2018). Social Capital Online. Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation, 194. https://doi.org/10.16997/BOOK16
- Foster, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2007). Are there such things as “Narcissists” in social psychology? A taxometric analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1321–1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.003
- Gentile, B., Twenge, J. M., Freeman, E. C., & Campbell, W. K. (2012). The effect of social networking websites on positive self-views: An experimental investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1929–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2012.05.012
- Gerstenberg, F. X. R., Imhoff, R., Banse, R., & Schmitt, M. (2014). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-concepts of intelligence: Relations to modesty, narcissism, and achievement motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(FEB), 85. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2014.00085/BIBTEX
- Gregory, G., & Evariste, S. (2020). Social media and catharsis in Africa: Examining the role of WhatsApp in venting stress in women. Journal of Internet and Information Systems, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5897/JIIS2020.0113
- Hong, C., Chen, Z. F., & Li, C. (2017). “Liking” and being “liked”: How are personality traits and demographics associated with giving and receiving “likes” on Facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.048
- Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M., & Lee, A. (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2011.11.001
- Jain, Dr. S., & Angural, Dr. V. (2017). USE OF CRONBACH’S ALPHA IN DENTAL RESEARCH. Medico Research Chronicles, 4(03), 285–291.
- Kass, G. V. (1980). An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 29(2), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/2986296
- Kernberg, O. F. (2012). Sınır Durumlar ve Patolojik Narsisizm (M. Atakay, Ed.). Litera Yayıncılık.
- Kraaykamp, G., & van Eijck, K. (2005). Personality, media preferences, and cultural participation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1675–1688. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2004.11.002
- Krämer, N. C., & Winter, S. (2008). Impression management 2.0: The relationship of self-esteem, extraversion, self-efficacy, and self-presentation within social networking sites. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 20, 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.3.106
- Kumar, R., Ojha, A. Kr., Malmasi, S., & Zampieri, M. (2018). Benchmarking Aggression Identification in Social Media (Issue 1, pp. 1–11).
- Liu, D., & Campbell, W. K. (2017). The Big Five personality traits, Big Two metatraits and social media: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRP.2017.08.004
- Lobbestael, J., Baumeister, R. F., Fiebig, T., & Eckel, L. A. (2014). The role of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in self-reported and laboratory aggression and testosterone reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2014.05.007
- Magidson, J., & Vermunt, J. K. (2005). An extension of the CHAID tree-based segmentation algorithm to multiple dependent variables. Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28084-7_18/COVER
- Marcus-Newhall, A., Pedersen, W. C., Carlson, M., & Miller, N. (2000). Displaced aggression is alive and well: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 670–689. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.670
- McCain, J. L., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Narcissism and social media use: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 7(3), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000137
- McKinney, B. C., Kelly, L., & Duran, R. L. (2012). Narcissism or Openness?: College Students’ Use of Facebook and Twitter. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/08824096.2012.666919, 29(2), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2012.666919
- Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(4), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1089/CYBER.2009.0257
- Mertens, D. M. (2019). Eğitim ve Psikolojide Araştırma ve Değerlendirme (S. İsmail & S. Ulaş, Eds.). Anı Yayıncılık.
- Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2011). Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis. Journal of Personality, 79(5), 1013–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6494.2010.00711.X
- Mishna, F., Regehr, C., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Daciuk, J., Fearing, G., & Van Wert, M. (2018). Social media, cyber-aggression and student mental health on a university campus. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1437607, 27(3), 222–229.
- Moore, K., & McElroy, J. C. (2012). The influence of personality on Facebook usage, wall postings, and regret. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2011.09.009
- Nisbet, R., Elder, J., & Miner, G. (2009). Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications. Academic Press.
- Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2011). Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2010.09.022
- Ozan, E., Kırkpınar, İ., Aydın, N., Fidan, T., & Oral, M. (2008). Narsisistik kişilik bozukluğu: Gelişim süreçleri ve yaşamı. Psikiyatride Derlemeler, Olgular ve Varsayımlar, 2(1–2), 25-37.
- Özgüven, N., & Mucan, B. (2013). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SOCIAL MEDIA USE. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(3), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.3.517
- Panayides, P. (2013). Coefficient alpha: Interpret with caution. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9(4), 687–696. https://doi.org/10.5964/EJOP.V9I4.653
- Papps, B. P., & O’Carroll, R. E. (1998). Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 24(6), 421–438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1998)24:6<421::AID-
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1981). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternative Form Reliability and Further Evidence of Construct Validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45(2), 159–162. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4502_10
- Rochlin, G. (1973). Man’s Aggression: The Defense of the Self. Gambit.
- Rosengren, K. E. (1974). International News: Methods, Data and Theory. Journal of Peace Research, 11(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100208/ASSET/002234337401100208.FP.PNG_V03
- Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., & Orr, R. R. (2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2008.12.024
- Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658–1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2011.02.004
- Singh, S., Farley, S. D., & Donahue, J. J. (2018). Grandiosity on display: Social media behaviors and dimensions of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 308–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2018.06.039
- Stam, R., & Shohat, E. (2007). Flagging patriotism: Crises of narcissism and anti-Americanism. Routledge.
- Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPDEV.2008.07.002
- Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Asrın Vebası Narsisizm İlleti (Ö. Korkmaz, Ed.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
- Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 82, pp. 819–834). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.819
- Wang, C. W., Ho, R. T. H., Chan, C. L. W., & Tse, S. (2015). Exploring personality characteristics of Chinese adolescents with internet-related addictive behaviors: Trait differences for gaming addiction and social networking addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 42, 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.10.039
- Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Wang, H. Z., & Gaskin, J. (2015). Predicting Social Networking Site (SNS) use: Personality, attitudes, motivation and Internet self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2015.02.016
- wearesocial.com. (2022). More than 5 billion people now use the internet. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020
- Weaver, J. B. (1991). Exploring the links between personality and media preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(12), 1293–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90203-N
- Wensley, K., & Campbell, M. (2012). Heterosexual and nonheterosexual young university students’ involvement in traditional and cyber forms of bullying. In Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking (Vol. 15, pp. 649–654). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0132
- Yarnold, P. R., & Ph, D. (2019). Growing Classification Tree Models on the Basis of a Priori Performance Criteria. January.
- Zywica, J., & Danowski, J. (2008). The Faces of Facebookers: Investigating Social Enhancement and Social Compensation Hypotheses; Predicting FacebookTM and Offline Popularity from Sociability and Self-Esteem, and Mapping the Meanings of Popularity with Semantic Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2008.01429.X
Determining Facebook Behaviors Affecting the Narcissism and Aggression Levels of University Students by Chaid Analysis
Year 2022,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 348 - 369, 29.12.2022
Yavuz Koşan
,
Eylem Kılıç
Abstract
Narcissism and aggression are closely related to personality traits. Narcissistic and aggressive individuals tend to display these traits through various behaviors on the social networking site Facebook. Therefore, determining what kind of behaviors individuals with these two personality traits exhibit on Facebook is important to identify and develop interventions for narcissism and aggression. For this purpose, Facebook behaviors that can be effective on narcissism and aggression variables were examined in the present study. CHAID analysis was used to determine the effective variables. In this direction, 616 (328 female-290 male) participants continuing their language education at a state university in Turkey were determined by convenient sampling. As a result of the CHAID analysis, it was determined that the variable that best explains narcissism is the variable of sharing your achievements on Facebook, and the variable that best explains the aggressive behavior is the variable of seeking personal support. In addition, it was determined that the variable that best explains the behavior of sharing their success on Facebook is sending friend requests to unknown people.
References
- Alpar, C. R. (2017). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th editio). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 440–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRP.2005.03.002
- Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2002). Internet and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00034-6
- Amichai-Hamburger, Y., & Vinitzky, G. (2010). Social network use and personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1289–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2010.03.018
- Archer, J., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). An Integrated Review of Indirect, Relational, and Social Aggression. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1207/S15327957pspr0903_2, 9(3), 212–230. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0903_2
- Atay, S. (2009). Narsistik kişilik envanterinin Türkçe’ye standardizasyonu. Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 11(1), 181–196.
- Baran, B., & Kılıç, E. (2015). Applying the CHAID algorithm to analyze how achievement is influenced by university students’ demographics, study habits, and technology familiarity. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 18(2), 323–335.
- Barry, C. T., Chaplin, W. F., & Grafeman, S. J. (2006). Aggression following performance feedback: The influences of narcissism, feedback valence, and comparative standard. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2006.01.008
- Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review, 103(1), 5–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5
- Bergman, S. M., Fearrington, M. E., Davenport, S. W., & Bergman, J. Z. (2011). Millennials, narcissism, and social networking: What narcissists do on social networking sites and why. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 706–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.022
- Bibby, P. A. (2008). Dispositional factors in the use of social networking sites: Findings and implications for social computing research. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 5075 LNCS, 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69304-8_40/COVER
- Bogart, L. M., Benotsch, E. G., & Pavlovic, J. D. (2010). Feeling Superior but Threatened: The Relation of Narcissism to Social Comparison. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1207/S15324834basp2601_4, 26(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2601_4
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2007.00393.X
Budak, S. (2000). Psikoloji Sözlüğü. Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları.
- Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and Social Networking Web Sites. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0146167208320061, 34(10), 1303–1314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208320061
- Burger, J. M. (2006). Kişilik (E. S. İnan Deniz, Ed.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
- Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened Egotism, Narcissism, Self-Esteem, and Direct and Displaced Aggression: Does Self-Love or Self-Hate Lead to Violence? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219
- Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R., & Stack, A. (1999). Catharsis, Aggression & Persuasive Influence, , 1999.pdf. Journal of Personality and Social Psychologyof Peersoality & Soc Psych, 76(3), 367–376.
- Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
- Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(4), 482–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2011.11.011
- Creswell, J. W. (2016). Araştırma Deseni Nitel Nicel ve Karma Yöntem Yaklaşımı (S. B. D. (s. 115-183) Içinde., Ed.). Eğitim kitap.
- Demirtas-Madran, H. A. (2012). Reliability and Validity Studies of Turkish Version of Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 24(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5080/u6859
- Diaz-Perez, F. M., & Bethencourt-Cejas, M. (2017). An Application of the CHAID Algorithm to Study the Environmental Impact of Visitors to the Teide National Park in Tenerife, Spain. International Business Research, 10(7), 168–177.
- Dixon, S. (2020). Number of monthly active Facebook users worldwide as of 3rd quarter 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/
- Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low Self-Esteem Is Related to Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Delinquency. Psychological Science, 16(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x
- Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2001). Narcissism and motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 216–219.
- Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2007.00367.X
- Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 11–17). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
- Eşkisu, M., Çam, Z., Gelibolu, S., & Rasmussen, K. R. (2020). Trait Mindfulness as a Protective Factor in Connections between Psychological Issues and Facebook Addiction among Turkish University Students. Studia Psychologica, 62(3), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.31577/SP.2020.03.801
- Eşkisu, M., Hoşoğlu, R., & Rasmussen, K. (2017). An investigation of the relationship between Facebook usage, Big Five, self-esteem and narcissism. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2016.12.036
- Faucher, C., Jackson, M., & Cassidy, W. (2014). Cyberbullying among University Students: Gendered Experiences, Impacts, and Perspectives. Education Research International, 2014, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/698545
- Faucher, K. X. (2018). Social Capital Online. Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation, 194. https://doi.org/10.16997/BOOK16
- Foster, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2007). Are there such things as “Narcissists” in social psychology? A taxometric analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1321–1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.003
- Gentile, B., Twenge, J. M., Freeman, E. C., & Campbell, W. K. (2012). The effect of social networking websites on positive self-views: An experimental investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1929–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2012.05.012
- Gerstenberg, F. X. R., Imhoff, R., Banse, R., & Schmitt, M. (2014). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-concepts of intelligence: Relations to modesty, narcissism, and achievement motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(FEB), 85. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2014.00085/BIBTEX
- Gregory, G., & Evariste, S. (2020). Social media and catharsis in Africa: Examining the role of WhatsApp in venting stress in women. Journal of Internet and Information Systems, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5897/JIIS2020.0113
- Hong, C., Chen, Z. F., & Li, C. (2017). “Liking” and being “liked”: How are personality traits and demographics associated with giving and receiving “likes” on Facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.048
- Hughes, D. J., Rowe, M., Batey, M., & Lee, A. (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(2), 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2011.11.001
- Jain, Dr. S., & Angural, Dr. V. (2017). USE OF CRONBACH’S ALPHA IN DENTAL RESEARCH. Medico Research Chronicles, 4(03), 285–291.
- Kass, G. V. (1980). An Exploratory Technique for Investigating Large Quantities of Categorical Data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 29(2), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/2986296
- Kernberg, O. F. (2012). Sınır Durumlar ve Patolojik Narsisizm (M. Atakay, Ed.). Litera Yayıncılık.
- Kraaykamp, G., & van Eijck, K. (2005). Personality, media preferences, and cultural participation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1675–1688. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2004.11.002
- Krämer, N. C., & Winter, S. (2008). Impression management 2.0: The relationship of self-esteem, extraversion, self-efficacy, and self-presentation within social networking sites. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 20, 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.3.106
- Kumar, R., Ojha, A. Kr., Malmasi, S., & Zampieri, M. (2018). Benchmarking Aggression Identification in Social Media (Issue 1, pp. 1–11).
- Liu, D., & Campbell, W. K. (2017). The Big Five personality traits, Big Two metatraits and social media: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRP.2017.08.004
- Lobbestael, J., Baumeister, R. F., Fiebig, T., & Eckel, L. A. (2014). The role of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in self-reported and laboratory aggression and testosterone reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2014.05.007
- Magidson, J., & Vermunt, J. K. (2005). An extension of the CHAID tree-based segmentation algorithm to multiple dependent variables. Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28084-7_18/COVER
- Marcus-Newhall, A., Pedersen, W. C., Carlson, M., & Miller, N. (2000). Displaced aggression is alive and well: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 670–689. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.670
- McCain, J. L., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Narcissism and social media use: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 7(3), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000137
- McKinney, B. C., Kelly, L., & Duran, R. L. (2012). Narcissism or Openness?: College Students’ Use of Facebook and Twitter. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/08824096.2012.666919, 29(2), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2012.666919
- Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(4), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1089/CYBER.2009.0257
- Mertens, D. M. (2019). Eğitim ve Psikolojide Araştırma ve Değerlendirme (S. İsmail & S. Ulaş, Eds.). Anı Yayıncılık.
- Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2011). Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism: A Nomological Network Analysis. Journal of Personality, 79(5), 1013–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6494.2010.00711.X
- Mishna, F., Regehr, C., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Daciuk, J., Fearing, G., & Van Wert, M. (2018). Social media, cyber-aggression and student mental health on a university campus. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1437607, 27(3), 222–229.
- Moore, K., & McElroy, J. C. (2012). The influence of personality on Facebook usage, wall postings, and regret. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2011.09.009
- Nisbet, R., Elder, J., & Miner, G. (2009). Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications. Academic Press.
- Ong, E. Y. L., Ang, R. P., Ho, J. C. M., Lim, J. C. Y., Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., & Chua, A. Y. K. (2011). Narcissism, extraversion and adolescents’ self-presentation on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2010.09.022
- Ozan, E., Kırkpınar, İ., Aydın, N., Fidan, T., & Oral, M. (2008). Narsisistik kişilik bozukluğu: Gelişim süreçleri ve yaşamı. Psikiyatride Derlemeler, Olgular ve Varsayımlar, 2(1–2), 25-37.
- Özgüven, N., & Mucan, B. (2013). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SOCIAL MEDIA USE. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(3), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.3.517
- Panayides, P. (2013). Coefficient alpha: Interpret with caution. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 9(4), 687–696. https://doi.org/10.5964/EJOP.V9I4.653
- Papps, B. P., & O’Carroll, R. E. (1998). Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 24(6), 421–438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1998)24:6<421::AID-
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1981). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternative Form Reliability and Further Evidence of Construct Validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45(2), 159–162. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4502_10
- Rochlin, G. (1973). Man’s Aggression: The Defense of the Self. Gambit.
- Rosengren, K. E. (1974). International News: Methods, Data and Theory. Journal of Peace Research, 11(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337401100208/ASSET/002234337401100208.FP.PNG_V03
- Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., & Orr, R. R. (2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2008.12.024
- Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658–1664. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2011.02.004
- Singh, S., Farley, S. D., & Donahue, J. J. (2018). Grandiosity on display: Social media behaviors and dimensions of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 308–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2018.06.039
- Stam, R., & Shohat, E. (2007). Flagging patriotism: Crises of narcissism and anti-Americanism. Routledge.
- Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B., & Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPDEV.2008.07.002
- Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Asrın Vebası Narsisizm İlleti (Ö. Korkmaz, Ed.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
- Wallace, H. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). The performance of narcissists rises and falls with perceived opportunity for glory. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 82, pp. 819–834). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.819
- Wang, C. W., Ho, R. T. H., Chan, C. L. W., & Tse, S. (2015). Exploring personality characteristics of Chinese adolescents with internet-related addictive behaviors: Trait differences for gaming addiction and social networking addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 42, 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.10.039
- Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Wang, H. Z., & Gaskin, J. (2015). Predicting Social Networking Site (SNS) use: Personality, attitudes, motivation and Internet self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 80, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2015.02.016
- wearesocial.com. (2022). More than 5 billion people now use the internet. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020
- Weaver, J. B. (1991). Exploring the links between personality and media preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(12), 1293–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90203-N
- Wensley, K., & Campbell, M. (2012). Heterosexual and nonheterosexual young university students’ involvement in traditional and cyber forms of bullying. In Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking (Vol. 15, pp. 649–654). Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0132
- Yarnold, P. R., & Ph, D. (2019). Growing Classification Tree Models on the Basis of a Priori Performance Criteria. January.
- Zywica, J., & Danowski, J. (2008). The Faces of Facebookers: Investigating Social Enhancement and Social Compensation Hypotheses; Predicting FacebookTM and Offline Popularity from Sociability and Self-Esteem, and Mapping the Meanings of Popularity with Semantic Networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2008.01429.X